• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.111-117
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• 2010

Objectives : The acupoint-meridian relationship of an acupoint is one of important features of the acupoint. It has also shown evolutionary development over the history of medicine. This study analyzed the prototype kind of information on acupoint-meridian relationships in the A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(the Classic) of 2c BCE. Methods : The acupoint-meridian relationship of all the acupoints listed in the Classic was counted and reviewed in comparison with the information in the contemporary standard texts. Results : In comparison with the contemporary standard of 361 meridian points, the Classic listed 349(97%) acupoints. Of contemporary standard 361 points, 287(81%) acupoints still maintain the same acupoint-meridian relationship as in the Classic. Conclusions : Acupoint-meridian relationship in the Classic has largely been maintained throughout the history and still comprises a major proportion of the contemporary body of knowledge on acupoint-meridian relationship.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

Objectives : This research was projected to verify the validities of needling or moxibustion- acupoints in Illustrated Manual for the Practice of Acupuncture and Moxibustion with the Help of a Bronze Figure bearing Acupuncture Points (IMPAM) and The Classic of Supplementing Life with Acupuncture and moxibustion(CSLAM) Methods; We investigated acupoints which have prohibitions, notices or adverse events when performing needling or moxibustion in IMPAM and CSLAM, then verified it in various literatures and today's medical knowledge. Results; In IMPAM, 2 acupoints were prohibited both needling and moxibustion, 22 acupoints were prohibited from needling and 29 were prohibited from moxibustion. In CSLAM, 3 acupoints were prohibited from both needling and moxibustion, 24 acupoints were prohibited from needling and 31 were prohibited from moxibustion. Most of the prohibition, the notices and adverse events of the acupoints written in IMPAM and CSLAM had medical or philological bases, and the number of them increased compared to that in A-B Classic of Acupunture and Moxibustion(ABCAM). Conslusion : The prohibotions, the notices and the adverse events when performing acupunture or moxibustion in IMPAM and CSLAM reflected the medical experience and knowledge of the time. And the knowledge was increased compared to that in ABCAM.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.271-275
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• 2020

Objectives : The acupoint TE11 (cheongnaengyeon; CNY) firstly appeared in the ≪A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (AB Classic)≫. The name CNY is known to be originated from an ancient deep pool described in the book of ≪Chuangtzu (Jangja in Korean)≫. Description of the name, however, was not found in a single form in the book of ≪Chuangtzu≫ and its annotated books which made a confusion. The aim of the present study is to review the name of TE11 in terms of its origin. Methods : We have compared printed editions of ≪Chuangtzu≫ and its annotated books and various acupuncture classics including ≪AB Classic≫, ≪Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies (Essential Prescriptions)≫, ≪Illustrated Manual of Acupuncture Points of the Bronze Figure (Illustrated Manual)≫, ≪Collection of Gems of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (Collections of Gems)≫, and ≪Complete Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (Complete Compendium)≫. Results : The name of ancient deep pool was found in two different forms in the book of ≪Chuangtzu≫ and its annotated books. One was CNY, the other was Cheong Ryeong Yeon (CRY). The description in the ≪Chuangtzu≫, the source book, was CRY. In addition, the acupoint TE11 was described as CRY in the ≪AB Classic≫, Cheong Ryeong Cheon in the ≪Essential Prescriptions≫. Meanwhile, the point was described as CNY in the ≪Illustrated Manual≫, the ≪Collections of Gems≫ and the ≪Complete Compendium≫. Conclusions : Data suggest that the original description was CRY and a mix of CNY and CRY as a name of TE11 was used. The Korean standard name of TE11 should be changed as CRY.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2011

Objectives : To classify needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in Emergency Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold (EFWTG) and Supplement to the Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold (SFWTG). Methods : We found needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in EFWTG and SFWTG, then investigated the influences of needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints on A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Results : In EFWTG, the needling-prohibited points were LI13, ST17, BL56, TE8, CV8, CV15 and GV24. Acupoints needed careful needling were LU2, ST12, KI2, KI7, TE19, GB3 and jwagak. The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST8, ST9, ST17, ST32, ST33, BL6, BL30, TE18, TE23, GB33, GB42, CV5, CV15, GV6, GV15, GV16 and GV17. Acupoints needed careful moxibustion were ST7, ST30, TE21 and GB22. In SFWTG, the needling-prohibited points were LU2, LI13, ST12, ST17, ST32, BL56, KI2, KI7, TE8, TE19, GB3, CV8, CV15, GV24 and jwagak. The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST7, ST8, ST9, ST17, ST30, ST32, ST33, BL6, BL30, TE18, TE23, GB22, GB33, GB42, CV5, CV15, GV6, GV15, GV16, GV17 and ijung. Conclusions : There were 7 needling-prohibited points, 7 acupoints needed careful needling, 20 moxibustion-prohibited points, and 4 acupoints needed careful needling in EFWTG, and 15 needling-prohibited points and 24 moxibustion-prohibited points in SFWTG. The needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion had a strong influence on those in the two literatures.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2018

Objectives : The GB18 belongs to one of the 92 controversial points in the development of WHO standard of acupuncture point location. The number of Chon measurement of GB18 is described differently in the A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (ChimGuGakEulKyung; AB Classic) and the Complete Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(ChimGuDaeSeong; Complete Compendium). The aim of the study is to review the point location of GB18 and compare the relation of the location of BL7. In addition, I would like to propose new locating method of GB18. Methods : In order to review I examined the expressions of the location of GB18 and the mapping location on the acupuncture chart in the landmark classic acupuncture literatures. Results : In the most literatures, the location of GB18 was described by the distance from the GB17. The distance was 1.5 chon with one exception of 1 chon. The intervals from GB15 to GB18 was 1 chon or 1.5 chon. Although the distance from the anterior hairline is the same as 4 chon, mapping points of GB18 and BL7 on the acupuncture chart were different. Conclusions : Consequently, in the AB Classic, meaning of the location is the actual distance of scalp surface. In the Complete Compendium, however, meaning of the location is the hypothetical distance in the imaginary scalp surface. Therefore, it is safe to find the GB18 on the same level with GV20 on the connecting line of bilateral auricular apexes. The relation of GB18 and BL7 should be reconsidered.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2022

In order to secure clinical evidence for the treatment of cold accumulation (CA), this study reviewed and analyzed 91 records of literature and related records. To perform a classical literature search, the Oriental Medicine Classic databases and the Uibujeonrok electronic data were searched. Books on Immunopharmacopuncture (IP) were also reviewed. A common etiology for CA was attributed to the abdomen, while the detailed sites of the abdomen differed. In IP, CA had a more comprehensive list of symptoms of physiological and pathological significance. As for the treatment of CA, typically, herbal medicine was used until the end of the Korean Empire period, and moxibustion treatment on CV4, CV6, CV-12, ST36, EX-B4, and conduction exercise therapy were also reported. Since 1965, acupuncture needle-based invasive treatment such as acupuncture for CA, and IP have been described in IP theory. Consequently, the treatment of CA (as described in the IP theory), was considered to be a more advanced method of treatment compared with the existing classical treatment methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.16-72
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• 2011

Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine constitutes the basis of Korean orthodox medicine. In Korea it is regarded as the most influential medical work in existence and therefore been accorded first place among the medical works. Many books and reference works referred to Six Viscera and Five Bowels were quoted in Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine. This dissertation is to study quoted passages and reference books related to Six Bowels and Five Viscera in Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine. Based upon the medical works-Introduction to Medicine, Elementary Questions and Spiritual Pivot of Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, Difficult Classic, Compendium of Medicine, A-B Classic of acupuncture and Moxibustion Pulse Classic, Synopsis of Golden Chamber, Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases, A Complete Work of Ancient and Modern Medicine, and etc.-- all but few references the quotations are clearly traced to their origin. It is hoped that this preliminary study will serve as a starting point for further work on the text, with more specific attention to the method of quotations and its many linguistic problems.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to redefine the location of acupoints in the lower abdomen by taking actual thoracic and abdominal measurements. Methods: Measurements of the length and height of the thorax, and both the upper and lower abdominal area were compared to standard values defined by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WHO/WPRO), and medical text books such as Miraculous Pivot, and A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. These measurements were used to redefine the standard of 1 cun, and the cun value of the lower abdomen. Results: Of the 60 studies screened, all studies used the cun measurement system. Considerable variation in the localization of acupoints in the lower abdominal area were detected. The average measurement of a typical male lower abdomen was within 6.33 cun to 6.34 cun. From this data, 6.5 cun appears to be more accurate than the current standardized length of 5 cun. The standardized index values of the width of the 4 fingers, and the distance from the lateral prominence from the greater trochanter to the popliteal crease (Fm), appeared to apply to only males, as defined by the WHO/WPRO. Conclusion: Further studies on standardizing the index measurements for the lower abdominal area are necessary. For males, the more accurate standardized length of the lower abdomen was 6.5 cun, whereas for females, the measurement would typically be longer than 6.5 cun.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.337-380
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• 1996

'Nei Jing(內徑)' first defined the interrelationship of the true and tile false between evil factor affecting health(雅氣) and vital essence energy(精氣). According to 「'Nei Jing(內徑)', the above interrelationship is explained as 'If state of evil domination is considered as sthenia-syndrome(雅氣盛則實), if the consumption of healthy energy Is considered as asenia-syndrome(精氣尊則虛): 'Nei Jing(內徑)', proposed major features of the medicall treatment by 'regluate the vatal energy of asthenia and sthenia, treat the sthenia-syndrome by purgation, and treat the asenia-syndrome by therapy of invigoration(調其氣之虛實, 實則瀉之, 虛則補之): The above interrelationship was interpreted as 'treat the asthenia-syndrome of child organ by invigorating the mother organ(虛者補其母)'in the 69th of 'The Classic on Difficulty',(難經 六十九難). Go-Mu(高武) of Myung-dynasty describe therapy for invigoration and purgation of itself-meridian(自經 補瀉法), which locating acupuncture points according to the Therorr of Five Element in the five shu points of itself-meridian(自經 五유穴), based on the generation in the ${\ulcorner}$A Synthetical Book of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(針灸聚英)${\lrcorner}$, Sae-hyun Jang(張世賢) further extended location acupuncture points of the five shu points to the other-meridian in the ${\ulcorner}$Gyeo Jung Do Ju Nan Gyung(校正圖註難經)${\lrcorner}$ Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法) was originated in 1644, the middle of the Yi-dynasty. It linked the reinforcing and reducing in acupuncture therapy which incorporated tlle asthenia-syndrome and sthenia-syndrome of the hollow organs, based on principle of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory(陰陽五行學說), not only to the generation in the 5 element(相生關係) but also to the restriction in the 5 element(相剋關係). Furthermore it was devised for the medical treatment by comning therapy for invigoration and purgation of itself-meridian(自經 補瀉法) with that of the other-meridian. Even though many original forms(正形) of the therapy for invigoration and purgation of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory comply with the principle of the generation and the restriction based on the principle of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory are abailable, variational forms(變形) are also recognized by examining the nature of the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法), For this reason, it is very difficult to understand the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法) thoroughly. therefore, those variational forms are obstacles for the beginners to study the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method. In order to understand the principle of the practical clinical application of the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method, this study investigated which principle was based on the variations of the locating acupuncture points' method for the acupuncture prescription.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases(諸病源候論)was written by Chao Yuanfang that was most active during the Sui Dynasty at A.D. 610. It classified clinical medicine by some departments of internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngology and within each specific department, categorizes etiology and pathology according to characteristics of various diseases. It was the total disease classification book that based on the bibles of the Oriental medicine, (Huangdi''s) Internal Classic(黃帝內經), Classic of Difficult Issues(難經) and Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(傷寒雜病論), A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(鍼灸甲乙經), Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies(備急千金要方) and Medical Secrets of an Official(外臺秘要). It was arranged tussive causes, classes, diagnosis, prognosis and stretching for treatment by Volume 13, all symptoms of tussiculation. Dialectic part was divided into cough(咳嗽), cough with dyspnea(咳逆上氣), cough with pus and blood(咳嗽吐膿血), cough with duck crying sound(?嗽), sudden cough(暴氣咳嗽), cough with dyspnea(咳逆), cough with dyspnea and vomiting(咳逆上氣嘔吐). Disease situation part was divided into the new cough(新咳) and old cough(舊咳), deficiency syndrome(虛證) and excess syndrome(實證), visceral cough(藏府咳), etc. Out of these, cough with counterflow(咳嗽上氣), cough with dyspnea(咳逆上氣), cough with dyspnea and vomiting(咳逆上氣嘔吐), cough with shortness of breath(咳逆短氣) have a close connection with dyspnea(上氣), counterflow of qi(逆氣), dyspnea and vomiting(上氣嘔吐) and shortness of breath(短氣) in the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All qi(氣病諸候) of vol 13. So two parts may be refer to each other. However, the content on the original book has been addition and subtraction on the original context along with many reprints. Therefore, this paper, with regard to the prints of former editions, tried to help in better comprehension of the original context through readings and Korean translation.