• 산업기술연구
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• 제28권A호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2008

Applicability of hyperbolic settlement prediction method to consolidation settlement in the dredged and reclaimed ground was assessed by analyzing results of centrifuge tests modelling self-weight consolidation of soft marine clay. From literature review about self-weight consolidation of soft marine clays located in southern coast in Korea, constitutive relationships of void ratio - effective stress - permeability and typical self-weight consolidation curves with time were obtained by analyzing centrifuge model experiments. For the condition of surcharge loading, exact solution of consolidation settlement curve obtained by using Terzaghi's consolidation theory was compared with results predicted by the hyperbolic method. It was found to have its own inherent error to predict final consolidation settlement. From results of analyzing thc self-weight consolidation with time by using this method, it predicted relatively well in error range of 0.04~18% for the case of showing the linearity in the relationship between T vs T/S in the stage of consolidation degree of 60~90 %. However, it overestimated the final settlement with large errors if those relation curves were nonlinear.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2010

A major consideration in the design of tunnels in urban areas is the prediction of the ground movements and surface settlements associated with the tunneling operations. Excessive ground movements can damage adjacent building and utilities. In this paper, a neural network model is used to predict the maximum surface settlement, based on instrumented results from three separate EPB tunneling projects in Singapore. This paper demonstrates that by coupling the trained neural network model to a spreadsheet optimization technique, the reliability assessment of the settlement serviceability limit state can be carried out using the first-order reliability method. With this method, it is possible to carry out sensitivity studies to examine the effect of the level of uncertainty of each parameter uncertainty on the probability that the serviceability limit state has been exceeded.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.447-462
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• 2019

The vacuum preloading method has been used in many countries for ground improvement and land reclamation works. A sand cushion is required as a horizontal drainage channel for conventional vacuum preloading. In terms of the dredged-fill foundation soil, the treatment effect of the conventional vacuum preloading method is poor, particularly in Tianjin, China, where a shortage of sand exists. To solve this problem, straight-line vacuum preloading without sand is widely adopted in engineering practice to improve the foundation soil. Based on the engineering properties of dredged fill in Lingang City, Tianjin, this paper presents field instrumentation in five sections and analyzes the effect of a prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) layout and a vacuum pumping method on the soft soil ground treatment. Through the arrangement of pore water pressure gauges, settlement marks and vane shear tests, the settlement, pore water pressure and subsoil bearing capacity are analyzed to evaluate the effect of the ground treatment. This study demonstrates that straight-line vacuum preloading without sand can be suitable for areas with a high water content. Furthermore, the consolidation settlement and consolidation degree system is developed based on the grey model to predict the consolidation settlement and consolidation degree under vacuum preloading; the validity of the system is also verified.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.786-793
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• 2021

연구목적: 실트질 함유가 높으며 다양한 응력이력 때문에 침하량 예측에 어려움이 있는 우리나라의 서해안 중부지역의 연약점토지반의 침하량 특성을 분석하기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 연구방법: 3개의 경우에 대한 현장실험을 실시하였다. 각각의 경우에 대하여 침하판 침하량을 계측하였으며 Terzaghi의 일차원 압밀침하량, 쌍곡선법(hyperbolic method)과 Asaoka법을 모두 분석하여 실무에 유용한 결론을 도출하였다. 연구결과: Terzaghi에 의한 예측값이 모든 경우에서 가장 큰 것으로 분석되었으며 침하판 침하값에 비하여 111%~187%로 크게 예측하였다. 즉, 실제 지반의 침하량인 침하판 침하값이 Terzaghi의 예측값에 비하여 53.4~89.9% 의 침하를 나타내었다. 따라서, 우리나라 중부 서해안 점토질 연약지반에서 Terzaghi방법에 의한 예상침하량은 실제 침하량보다 과다하게 예상하는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론: Asaoka방법과 쌍곡선 방법은 비교적 유사한 결과를 제시한 것으로 분석되었으며, 실무에서는 실제 침하량 보다 작게 침하량을 예측할 경우 위험을 초래할 수 있으므로 실제 침하량보다 6~14% 크게 예측한 쌍곡선 분석법이 안전측으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.225-237
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• 2022

Settlement evaluation is important for shallow tunnels in big cities to estimate the settlement that occurs due to the excavation of twin tunnels. The majority of earlier research on analytical solutions, on the other hand, concentrated on calculating the settlement for a single tunnel. This research introduces a procedure to evaluate the settlement induced by the excavation of twin tunnels (two parallel tunnels). In this study, a series of numerical analysis were performed to validate the analytical solution results. Two geological conditions were considered to derive the settlement depending on each case. The analytical and numerical methods were compared, which involved considering many sections and conducting a parametric study; the results have good agreement. Moreover, a comparison of the 3D flat model and 2D (FEM) with the analytical solution shows that in the fill soil, the maximum settlement values were obtained by the analytical solution. In contrast, the values obtained by the analytical solution in the rock is more conservative than those in the fill. Finally, this method was shown to be appropriate for twin tunnels dug side by side by utilizing finite element analysis 3D and 2D (PLAXIS 3D and PLAXIS 2D) to verify the analytical equations. Eventually, it will be possible to use this approach to predict settlement troughs over twin tunnels.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.888-895
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• 2009

Compaction is a process of increasing soil density using physical energy. It is intended to improve the strength and stiffness of soil. In embankment, degree of compaction affects the construction time, money, also method of soil improvement. In large scale embankment project, difficulties of embankment should change due to uncertainty of settlement. So it is very important to predict the final settlement and factor of safety induced by embankment. In many construction site, there are primarily design of high embankment using in-situ soil. Therefore numerical analyses are necessary for valid evaluation of the settlement prediction. But due to the construction cost and schedule, there were lacking in properties of soil and also limited number of in-situ test were performed. So we proposed the method that can easily estimate the proper soil parameters and suggest the proper method of numerical analysis. From this, two-dimensional finite-difference numerical analysis was conducted to investigate the settlement and factor of safety induced by embankment with various case of compaction rate and embankment height.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권5C호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2011

연약 지반 개량 현장의 효율적 시공 관리를 위해 침하 계측 자료를 이용한 정확한 향후 침하 거동 예측은 매우 중요하다. 현재 침하 예측을 위해 침하 계측 자료를 이용한 침하 예측 방법들이 널리 활용되고 있으나, 이러한 방법들은 일정 성토고 조건에서만 적용이 가능하며, 실제 현장처럼 계측 결과에 따라 지속적인 성토 변화가 발생하는 경우 적용이 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 성토 조건의 변화를 고려한 침하량 예측을 위해 침하 계측 자료를 이용한 침하 예측 결과와 복잡한 현장 조건을 단순화하기 위한 가정 조건을 기반으로 간단한 역해석을 통해 향후 침하량을 이론적으로 예측할 수 있는 기법을 제안하였다. 대형 압밀 시험 결과, 유한 차분 해석 결과, 현장 침하 계측 자료에 제안 방법을 적용한 결과, 제안 방법이 하중의 재제하 등 다양한 성토 변화 조건에서 침하 거동을 신뢰성 있게 모사하였다.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

Railway construction needs vast soil investigation for its infrastructure foundation designs along the planned railway path to identify the design parameters for stability and serviceability checks. The soil investigation data are usually classified and grouped to decide design input parameters per each construction section and budget estimates. Deterministic design method which most civil engineer and practitioner are familiar with has a clear limitation in construction/maintenance budget control, and occasionally produced overdesigned or unsafe design problems. Instead of using a batch type analysis with predetermined input parameters, data population collected from site soil investigation and design load condition can be statistically estimated for the mean and variance to present the feature of data distribution and optimized with a best fitting probability function. Probabilistic approach using entire feature of design input data enables to predict the worst, best and most probable cases based on identified ranges of soil and load data, which will help railway designer select construction method to save the time and cost. This paper introduces two Monte Carlo simulations actually applied on estimation of retaining wall external stability and long term settlement of organic soil in soil investigation area for a recent high speed railway project.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1990년도 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST KOREA-JAPAN JOINT GEOTECHNICAL SEMINAR ON EXCAVATION and TUNNELING IN URBAN AREAS
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• pp.9-24
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• 1990

Most tunnels in soft soils in urban areas are constructed by shield tunnelling method for environmental reasons. Ground surface settlements are caused by shield tunnelling so that auxiliary measures are often required. Simple methods to predict ground surface settlement are given. The use of the slurry or the earth pressure balance shield machine and the application of new methods of grouting with computer aided operation control systems decreases the ground surface settlement to 3 mm. The construction cost of tunnels is almost identical whichever type of shield machine is employed according to a statistical investigation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

The long-term settlement characteristics for the cast-in-place bored pile in the deep-thick soft soil are investigated by post-grouting field tests. Six cast-in-place bored engineering piles and three cast-in-place bored test piles are installed to study the long-term settlement characteristics. Three post-grouting methods (i.e., post-tip-grouting, post-side-grouting, and tip and side post-grouting) are designed and carried out by field tests. Results of the local test show that decreased settlements for the post-side-grouted pile, the post-tip-grouted pile and the tip and side post-grouted pile are 22.2%~25.8%, 30.10%~35.98% and 32.40%~35.50%, respectively, compared with non-grouted piles. The side friction resistance for non-grouted piles, post-side-grouted pile, post-tip-grouted pile and the tip and side post-grouted pile undertakes 89.6~91.3%, 94.6%, 92.4%~93.0%, 95.7% of the total loading, respectively. At last, the parameters back analysis method and numerical calculation are adopted to predict the long-term settlement characteristics of the cast-in-place bored pile in the deep-thick soft soil. Determined Bulk modulus (K) and a creep parameter (Ks) are used for the back analysis of the long-term settlement of the post-grouted pile. The settlement difference between the back analysis and the measurement data is about 1.11%-7.41%. Long-term settlement of the post-grouted piles are predicted by the back analysis method, and the predicted results show that the settlement of the post-grouted pile are less than 6 mm and will be stable in 30 days.