• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2021

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating craniofacial pain syndrome that is characterized by paroxysms of intense, short-lived electric shock-like pains in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Recently, the presence of triggers has become one of the key diagnostic criteria in the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Light touch is the most common trigger, however other non-mechanical triggers, such as cold weather and certain foods, have been thought to provoke trigeminal neuralgia anecdotally. We aimed to characterize the prevalence and characteristics of these atypical triggers. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of atypical triggers in trigeminal neuralgia patients seen in a tertiary pain clinic in Singapore. Patients were recruited via clinic records, and study data were identified from physician documentation. Results: A total of 60 patients met the inclusion criteria. Weather triggers were observed in 12 patients (20%), of which five patients (8%) reported strong winds, 4 patients (7%) reported cold temperatures, and 3 patients (5%) reported cold winds as triggers. Fifteen patients (25%) had a specific food trigger, of which 10 patients (17%) reported hard or tough food, 5 patients (8%) reported hot/cold food, 4 patients (7%) reported spicy food, and 2 patients (3%) reported sweet food as triggers. Conclusions: Although trigeminal neuralgia is most commonly triggered by mechanical stimuli, atypical triggers such as cold temperatures and certain foods are seen in a significant proportion of patients. These atypical triggers may share a common pathway of sensory afferent Aδ fiber activation.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the character of childhood common cold according to four seasons. Methods: We made an investigation into medical record of 432 children under fifteen years of age who visited pediatrics or emergency room suffering from common cold. We analyzed the principal and secondary symptoms of the children classifying four seasons by $SPSS^{\circledR}$ 12.0 for windows. Results: Male to female ratio were 1.42:1, the average of age was 3.86 years old. Distribution of principal symptoms was that nasal discharge was 231(56.1%), cough was 233(54.1%), nasal obstruction was 162(39.3%), secretion and sputum were 126(30.6%), fever was 121(29.4%), and headache was 13(3.2%). Out of these fever occurred in high frequency during spring and summer, nasal obstruction occurred in high frequency during spring and autumn. Distribution of secondary symptoms was that throat pain was 93(22.6%), otalgia was 39(9.5%), vomiting was 35(8.5%), abdominal pain was 30(7.3%), anorexia was 23(5.6%), sweating was 21(5.1%), diarrhea was 19(4.6%), and startle was 11(2.7%). Out of these otalgia occurred in high frequency during spring and summer, diarrhea occurred in high frequency during autumn and winter. Conclusions: A few symptoms can be the character according to four seasons.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-119
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the program for the control of acute respiratory infections(ARI) in children in a Korean rural area(Yonchon county). Evaluating the program, we focused on the pattern of prescription and appropriateness of antibiotics prescribed by the health personnel who had participated in the ARI Control Program. It was implemented at the primary health care setting in rural area, such as district hospital, health subcenters, and health posts. During six-months programme monitoring period, medical records were reviewed and collected data were analysed by the pediatrician, research coordinator of this study. The baseline data were collected from medical records of the same period(six months) of one year before the implementation of the ARI programme. The study results were as follow : 1. Common cold was the most prevalent disease(78.7%. 594 cases) among the all ARI cases (755 cases). The less frequent cases were bronchitis(11.9%), acute pharyngitis(5.2%), and pneumonia(1.8%). 2. Significant reduction in the use of antibiotics was observed after the programme implementation. Ninety three(15.7%) of 594 common cold cases were received antibiotics compared with 282(35.2%) of 802 in the baseline period. In the cases of bronchitis and acute pharyngitis, the reduction rates were 15.1% and 23.2% respectively compared to the baseline period. 3. Mean duration of antibiotics prescription was 1.81-1.75 days, similar to the baseline data. 4. The appropriateness rate of antibiotics prescriptions were 84.3%(common cold), 35.6% (bronchitis) and 28.2%(acute pharyngitis). In the case of pneumonia, the antibiotics prescription was compatible to the criteria developed. 5. Pediatrician prescribed antibiotics more appropriately for all cases than general practitioners in health sub-center, and nurse practitioners in health posts. 6. Antibiotics therapy was shown to be of no effect in the treatment of the all ARI cases. At the 5 and 10 days check-up of common cold cases after visits, proportion of improved patients were 58.3% in the antibiotics-used group and 51.4% in the control group. In the other cases of ARI, the patterns of response were similar to common cold. None of the differences in outcome between the antibiotics-used and control group was statistically significant. This ARI programme may have substantial a substantial impact on antibiotics use at the public health institutions(district hospital, health subcenters, health posts) which are of major domain for primary health care in Korean rural areas.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and sleep duration according to individual characteristics, and the relationship between sleep quality and cold type. A total of 1998 participants aged 30-55 who participated in a community cohort study at KIOM's Oriental Medicine Data Center (KDC) was analyzed. Cold type was diagnosed with a common the Questionnaire of Cold Pattern Identification (8 items). Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The participants in this study were classified into 1193 with cold type and 805 with non-cold type. The poor sleep quality was found in more women than men, and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was higher in the non-cold type. In the cold type group, average sleep quality was poor and sleep duration was short. There was a statistically significant correlation between cold score, sleep quality, and sleep duration. Cold type was related to the sleep quality. The risk of poor sleep quality increased 1.46 with increased cold type (95% CI = 1.16-1.84, p <.001). In particular, it was found that various programs to improve the quality of sleep, focusing on the cold type among personal characteristics, are needed to maintain adequate sleep to improve the sleep quality. In the future, when analyzing the relationship between cold type and sleep quality, it is thought that an attempt to derive other objective quantitative indicators is needed.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a case that has an important meaning as a result of treating. Hunter syndrome patient with oriental medicine for elevation of quality of life and continuous health care. Methods The patient had abdominal dropsy, abdominal pain, constipation, frequent gases and the common cold, so we treated him with herbal medicine, acupuncture, infra red, laser, CEP nebulizer, aroma massage and cupping. Results After the treatment, the girth of abdomen didn't Increase any more, and abdominal pain, constipation, frequent gases and common cold were improved. Conclusions This study shows that oriental medicine can elevate the Hunter syndrome patient's quality of life with continuous heath care and treatment for major problem. For more accurate studies, further studies would be needed with more cases.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.105-116
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• 1998

This paper, examines the relationship between water temperatures and fishing conditions of common squid by the squid angling fishery from June to September in 1993-1995. The condition of the common squid fishing largely depended on the fluctuation of water temperature in the coastal area of Gampo. Monthly mean water temperatures during June m September in 1993 and 1994 were relatively higher than those in 1995 in Gampo area. But the values between July and August in 1995 were about 5$^{\circ}C$ lower than those in 1993 and 1995. Coefficients of variation (CV) of water temperature showed the lowest value during July ~ September in 1993, however, the highest value was observed in July and August in 1994. Catch per unit effort (CPUE ; kg/angling) showed a peak with 73.7kg in 1993 when the CV was low. On the other hand, the lowest CPUE of 39.6kg was observed in 1994 when the CV was high. It was concluded that the high stability of water temperatures and the weak strength of cold water have caused the good fishing conditions of common squid.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2000

Gears are the most commonly used parts in automotive and industrial applications. One of most common modes of gear failures is tooth breakage, which is usually produced by the bending fatigue failure. It is important to manufacture the gears which can withstand the applied stresses in view of safety and economic requirement. This paper deals with bending fatigue strength for cold forged bevel gear. Especially, to compare fatigue characteristics for manufacturing processes difference, bending fatigue tests of bevel gears made by three different processes respectively. Results indicate that the fatigue strength of bevel gear is improved by cold forging process. Intergranular fracture is found on fatigue fracture surface, and dimples are observed on final fracture surface. The fatigue failure cannot be considered as a deterministic quantity, but must be characterized statistically. This study proposes a method to estimate bending fatigue lift of the bevel gear using the probability-load-life and Weibull analysis.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2008

Until the middle of the 20th century, exogenous febrile disease was the most common disease that threatened the human health. For a long time, oriental medicine doctors developed many ways to cure this disease by studying pathogenic factors. The phthogenic factors and treatments of exogenous febrile disease with time are as followings. "Naegyeong(內經)" : Cold pathogen. Diaphoretic therapy, purgation therapy. Hwata : Cold pathogen. Diaphoretic therapy, emetic therapy, purgation therapy. Jangjunggyeong(張仲景) : Cold pathogen. Eight principal therapeutic methods except diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties. Yuhagan(劉河間) : Fire pathogen. Diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties. Idongwon(李東垣) : Improper diet and overstrain. Reinforcing therapy. Ouga(吳又可) : Epidemic pathogenic factors. Diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties, Heat-reducing therapy. purgation therapy Seopcheonsa(葉天士) : Warm pathogen. diaphoretic therapy, Heat-reducing therapy, expel Heat therapy, cooling the blood and eliminating stagnation of blood. Oguktong(吳鞠通) : Six pathogenic factors. Eight principal therapeutic methods including diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.231-249
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• 2004

This study analyzed the contents of the research papers concerning the common cold recorded in Chinese medical journal published over the period between 2000 and 2004. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn. 1. Among the clinical research papers, There are a lot of treatment papers of traditional chinese medicine in the method of treatment. There are a lot of papers about Feng-Re-Xing(風熱型) and Xu-Zheng-Xing(虛證型) in the Bian-Zheng-Lei-Xing(辨證類型) 2. "Zhong-Yi-Xu-Zheng-Bian-Zheng-Can-Kao-Biao-Zhun" ("中醫虛證辨證參考標準"), "Zhong-Yi-Nei-Ke-Wu-Ban-Jiao-Cai"("中醫內科五版敎材"), "Zhong-Hua-Ren-Min-Gong-He-Guo-Zhong-Yi-Yao-Hang-Ye-Biao-Zhun"("中華人民共和國醫藥行業標準"), "Gan-Mao-Zhen-Duan-Biao-Zhun"("感冒診斷漂準"), "Zhong-Yi-Bing-Zheng-Zhen-Duan-Liao-Xiao-Biao-Zhun"("中醫病證診斷療效標準"), "Quan-Guo-Gao-Deng-Yi-Xue-Yuan-Xiao-Zhong-Yi-Zhuan-Ye-Jiao-Cai"("全國高等醫藥院校中醫專業敎材") are used as the criterion for diagnosis in Chinese medicine. 3. It is mainly used "Zhong-Yi-Bing-Zheng-Zhen-Duan-Liao-Xiao-Biao-Zhun"("中醫病證診斷療效標準") as the criterion for treatment effect evaluation, and symptom of traditional chinese medicine, the frequency and the duration of common cold, measurement of immunologic function are used as assistant evaluation indicator. 4. The research papers reported that the use of prescriptions such as Chai-Qi-Fang-Jiao-Tang, Tui-Re-He-Ji(退熱合劑), Ti-Xu-Gan-Mao-He-Ji(體虛感冒合劑), Yu-Ping-Feng-San-He-Gui-Zhi-Tang(玉屛風散合桂枝湯), Chai-Guan-Jie-Re-Ke-Li(柴貫解熱顆粒), Hu-Qin-He-Ji(蒿芩合劑), Lian-Hua-Feng-Cha(蓮花峰茶), Kang-Gan-He-Ji(抗感合劑), Bing-Du-He-Ji(病毒合劑), Zhong-Gan-Ling-Pian(重感靈片) led to the high efficacy 5. The pharmacological research papers reported that Yu-Ping-Feng-San(玉屛風散) have influence on IgA, phagocytic function of macrophage, the total number of splenocyte and PEC.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine 33 cases of chronic sinusitis in children who were treated with Korean medicine. Methods Herbal medicine, acupuncture, and nebulizer and laser therapy were used to treat chronic sinusitis, and a plain radiography (paranasal sinus water's view) was used to confirm improvement of the children's sinusitis. Then, the data was classified by sex, age, frequency and duration of common cold, severity of sinusitis, duration of treatment, pattern identification and so on. Results There were 72.7% boys and 27.3% girls. The average age of children is $4.48{\pm}2.18years$. 70% of the children had common cold more than once a month, and 85.1% of the children from the study group had common cold lasting more than a week. The sinusitis severity score ranged from 10 to 200. 81.8% were more than 100. Duration of the treatment was $157.21{\pm}83.4day$, duration of herbal medicine treatment was $79.3{\pm}31.23day$, rate of herbal medicine was $62.12{\pm}29.21%$. The frequency of acupuncture, nebulizer and laser therapy ranged from 1 time to 11 times but was much lower than expected. Conclusions 33 cases of chronic sinusitis in children were treated with Korean medicine, and cure of the illness was confirmed by PNS water's view, and clinical characteristic of the patients with chronic sinusitis was analyzed.