• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2009

A powder form of aluminum (hydr)oxides is not suitable in wastewater treatment/filtration systems because of low hydraulic conductivity and large sludge production. In this study, aluminum (hydr)oxide-coated sand (AOCS) was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solution. The properties of AOCS were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Kinetic batch, equilibrium batch, and closed-loop column experiments were performed to examine the adsorption of phosphate to AOCS. The XRD pattern indicated that the powder form of aluminum (hydr)oxides coated on AOCS was similar to a low crystalline boehmite. Kinetic batch experiments demonstrated that P adsorption to AOCS reached equilibrium after 24 h of reaction time. The kinetic sorption data were described well by the pseudo second-order kinetic sorption model, which determined the amount of P adsorbed at equilibrium ($q_e$ = 0.118 mg/g) and the pseudo second-order velocity constant (k = 0.0036 g/mg/h) at initial P concentration of 25 mg/L. The equilibrium batch data were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model, which quantified the distribution coefficient ($K_F$ = 0.083 L/g), and the Freundlich constant (1/n = 0.339). The closed-loop column experiments showed that the phosphate removal percent decreased from 89.1 to 41.9% with increasing initial pH from 4.82 to 9.53. The adsorption capacity determined from the closed-loop experiment was 0.239 mg/g at initial pH 7.0, which is about two times greater than that ($q_e$ = 0.118 mg/g) from the kinetic batch experiment at the same condition.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.1000-1003
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• 1996

Nonlinear unified predictive control(UPC) algorithm was applied to the temperature control of a batch polymerization reactor for polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA). Before the polymerization reaction is initiated, the parameters of the process model are determined by the recursive least squares(RLS) method. During the reaction, nonlinearities due to generation of heat of reaction and variation of heat transfer coefficients are predicted through the nonlinear model developed. These nonlinearities are added to the process output from the linear process model. And then, the predicted process output is used to calculate the control output sequence. The performance of nonlinear control algorithm was verified by simulation and compared with that of the linear unified predictive control algorithm. In the experiment of a batch PMMA polymerization, nonlinear unified predictive control was implemented to regulate the temperature of the reactor, and the validity of the nonlinear model was verified through the experimental results. The performance of the nonlinear controller turned out to be superior to that of the linear controller for tracking abrupt changes in setpoint.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1706-1715
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• 2018

Several non-methylotrophic bacteria have been reported to improve the growth and activity of methanotrophs; however, their interactions remain to be elucidated. We investigated the interaction between Methylocystis sp. M6 and Microbacterium sp. NM2. A batch co-culture experiment showed that NM2 markedly increased the biomass and methane removal of M6. qPCR analysis revealed that NM2 enhanced both the growth and methane-monooxygenase gene expression of M6. A fed-batch experiment showed that co-culture was more efficient in removing methane than M6 alone (28.4 vs. $18.8{\mu}mol{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$), although the biomass levels were similar. A starvation experiment for 21 days showed that M6 population remained stable while NM2 population decreased by 66% in co-culture, but the results were opposite in pure cultures, indicating that M6 may cross-feed growth substrates from NM2. These results indicate that M6 apparently had no negative effect on NM2 when M6 actively proliferated with methane. Interestingly, a batch experiment involving a dialysis membrane indicates that physical proximity between NM2 and M6 is required for such biomass and methane removal enhancement. Collectively, the observed interaction is beneficial to the methanotroph but adversely affects the non-methylotroph; moreover, it requires physical proximity, suggesting a tight association between methanotrophs and non-methylotrophs in natural environments.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 1974

유동액체를 수송하는 도관 또는 폐용기의 누설의 탐지 및 위치한정을 위하여 $^{51}$ Cr-EDTA및 $^{51}$ Cr-DTPA를 합성하고 Column Experiment 그리고 PH를 변화시켜 Batch equilibrium Experiment를 하였다. Column Experiment에서 $^{51}$ Cr-EDTA의 회수율은 Quartz sand에서 100%, Steel sawdust에서 80.9% 그리고 $^{51}$ Cr-DTPA는 Quartz sand에서 77.4%, Steel sawdust에서 6.4%이다. Recovery curve는 Steel sawdust $^{51}$ Cr-DTPA system에서 예외로 일정한 Plateau 를 표시하지 않는다. Batch Equilibrium Experiment에서 분배계수 Kd와 pH와의 관계를 Quartz asand, Montmorillonite, steel sawdust 그리고 Mixed Cement Raw Material둥을 매질로 하여 검토하였다. 일반적으로 $^{51}$ Cr-EDTA에 대한 Kd값이 $^{51}$ Cr DTPA에 대한 그것보다 낮다. $^{51}$ Cr-EDTA에 대한 Kd값이 pH 6.0, 7.0, 그리고 8.0에서 거의 0이 된다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2012

This paper considers a manufacturer with a two-station make-to-stock and make-to-order serial production system. The MTS facility produces a single type of component and provides components for the MTO facility that produces customized products. In addition to the internal demand from the MTO facility, the MTS facility faces demands from the spot market with the option of to accept or reject each incoming demand. This paper addresses a joint component inventory rationing and batch production control which maximizes the manufacturer's profit. Using the Markov decision process model, we investigate the structural properties of the optimal inventory rationing and batch production policy, and present two types of heuristics. We implement a numerical experiment to compare the performance of the optimal and heuristic policies and a simulation study to examine the impact of the stochastic process variability on the inventory rationing and batch production control.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1496-1506
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• 2020

With the progress of miniaturization and high performance of various sensors, a lot of data is generated in various fields and being collected in real-time, but the use of such large-capacity data is often unable to keep up with the collection technology. In the medical field, health data is collected and managed by platform, which causes inconvenience to users in searching their own health data and receiving medical services. In this paper, in order to solve these problems, we designed and implemented PHDItemReader to improve the speed of data query in a batch application environment that can integrate and process health data having various data expression formats. The experiment compared and analyzed 3 types of query speed based on 1,000,000 hypothetical health data, and as a result of the experiment, it was verified that the PHDItemReader implemented in this paper improved up to about 21% compared to the existing one.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of casts for heavy metals. The casts were excreted by earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus, after having eaten the paper sludge. Various batch experiments on adsorption were performed to compare cast and activated carbon. The pH increase in solution due to extractives from cast was 1.3 and the cation exchange capacity which implies adsorption capacity for solubles is greater on activated carbon than on cast. According to the results of batch experiment, the removal rates of Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn using the activated carbon and casts as adsorbent were 98%, 93%, 94%, 89%, 82% and 95%, 90%, 88%,80%, 66%, respectivity, and this removal were achived less than 90 minutes. It can be said that casts is so good adsorbent as activated carbon is, although adsorption carbon was found to be some large than those of casts through Freundlich isotherm applied for adsorption of soluble. As a result on the experiment of isothermic adsorption from the mixed component solution in the batch, the order of preferable elements in heavy metal adsorption was found to be Pb＞Cd＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn on activated carbon, respectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1983

For $Na_2O-BaO-SiO_2$ system glass the pelletizing conditions of the disk type equipment were investigated. The effects of the pelletized batch on melting were also examined. Through the experiment the optimum conditions for pelletizing the batch were found as follows. Revolving speed of the pan 30rpm pan angle 40-35 degree Water content 12-13% Drying temperature $200^{\circ}C$ Preheating temperature $650^{\circ}C$ The molten glass of the pelletized batch was refined better than that of the loose batch.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.826-831
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• 2012

Acarbose, a pseudo-oligosaccharide, is widely used clinically in therapies for non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In the present study, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was added to selected media in order to investigate its effect on acarbose fermentation by Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB-08196. Acarbose titer was seen to increase markedly when concentrations of SAM were added over a period of time. The effects of glucose and maltose on the production of acarbose were investigated in both batch and fed-batch fermentation. Optimal acarbose production was observed at relatively low glucose levels and high maltose levels. Based on these results, a further fed-batch experiment was designed so as to enhance the production of acarbose. Fed-batch fermentation was carried out at an initial glucose level of 10 g/l and an initial maltose level of 60 g/l. Then, 12 h post inoculation, 100 ${\mu}mol/l$ SAM was added. In addition, 8 g/l of glucose was added every 24 h, and 20 g/l of maltose was added at 96 h. By way of this novel feeding strategy, the maximum titer of acarbose achieved was 6,113 mg/l at 192 h. To our knowledge, the production level of acarbose achieved in this study is the highest ever reported.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2020

CNN's technologies that represent emotional detection include primitive CNN algorithms, deployment normalization, and drop-off. We present the methods and data of the three experiments in this paper. The training database and the test database are set up differently. The first experiment is to extract emotions using Batch Normalization, which complemented the shortcomings of distribution. The second experiment is to extract emotions using Dropout, which is used for rapid computation. The third experiment uses CNN using convolution and maxpooling. All three results show a low detection rate, To supplement these problems, We will develop a deep learning algorithm using feature extraction method specialized in image processing field.