• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2019

Pay-to-Win (P2W) is a billing system that pays cash in-game and has a impact on results and it has been criticized by users. Research on the adolescent users and the effect of the P2W is insufficient. In this regard, this study compares the game billing in P2W and non-P2W based on self-esteem. As a result, systems showed the interaction effect on the game billing with the self-esteem. In the non-P2W, game billing increased when the self-esteem was high, whereas the billing increased rapidly as the self-esteem was low in the P2W.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2024

This study analyzed the influence of process variables affecting the thermodynamic equilibrium and fluid dynamics of interfaces such as reverse micelle, salt concentration, interfacial tension, and viscosity of fluids to optimize the microencapsulation process using the W1/O/W2 double emulsion method. The process variable with the greatest impact on encapsulation efficiency was found to be the difference in osmotic pressure between the W1 and W2 phases. It was observed that increasing the salt concentration in the W2 phase or decreasing the ascorbic acid concentration in the W1 phase resulted in higher encapsulation efficiency. Additionally, a larger difference in osmotic pressure led to increased damage to the surface of the microparticles, as confirmed by SEM images. The introduction of reverse micelles, which was anticipated to increase encapsulation efficiency, either had a low contribution or even decreased encapsulation efficiency. The yield of microcapsules was expressed as a universal function, applicable to all process conditions or solution compositions. According to this universal function, no further increase in yield was observed beyond the Ca (capillary number) of approximately 20.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 1981

Three edible species, e.g. Lyophyllum sp. and Armillaria mellea introduced from Japan in 1979 and Auriaularia auricula-judae from Taiwan in 1978 were selected for artifcial cultivation. The media, MSDS for Lyophyllum sp, MHS and PDS for A. auricula-judae, and MSDS and MHS for A. mellea were selected. The range of optimum pH of Lyophyllum sp. was 6.0 and pH 8.0 for A. auricula-judae and pH 6.0 to 7.0 for A. mellea. The range of optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of Lyophyllum sp. was 25 to $30^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$ for A. auricula-judae and $25^{\circ}C$ for A. mellea. When the moisture content 75 to 80% (w/w) in the substrates, the mycelial growth of Lyophyllum sp. and A. auricula-judae, was rapid. 65% (w/w) for A. mellea. As the spawning substrates, wheat for Lyophyllum sp. oak sawdust for A. auricula-judae and poplar sawdust for A. mellea were selected, respectively. In this experiment, yields of Lyophyllum sp. and A. auricula-judae were high on the poplar sawdust added 20% (w/w) of rice bran. Lyophyllum sp. and A. auricula-judae for sources of new edible mushrooms seems to be possible.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2002

This paper describes the performance evaluation and analysis of an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system having the least Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) in a multi-path fading channel environment. Wireless Local Area Network (W-LAN) in accordance with IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11b provides high-speed transmission to universities, businesses and other various places. In addition, service providers can offer a public W-LAN service on restricted areas such as a subway. The proliferation of W-LAN has led to greater W-LAN service demands, but problems are also on the rise in offering a good W-LAN service. In particular, urban areas with high radio wave interference and many buildings are vulnerable to deteriorated QoS including disconnected data and errors. For example, when high-speed data is transmitted in such areas, the relatively high frequency generates ISI between Access Points (AP) and Mobile Terminals (such as a notebook computer), leading to a frequency selective fading channel environment. Consequently, it is difficult to expect a goodW-LAN service. The simulation proves that the OFDM system enables W-LAN to implement QoS in high-speed data transmission in a multi-path fading channel environment. The enhanced OFDM performance with 52 sub-carriers is verified via data modulation methods such as BPSK, QPSK and 16QAM based on IEEE 802.11a and punched convolutional codes with code rate of 1/2 and 3/4 and constraint length of 7. Especially, the simulation finds that the OFDM system has better performance and there is no data disconnection even in a mobile environment by applying a single tap equalizer and a decision feedback equalizer to a mobile channel environment with heavy fading influence. Given the above result, the OFDM system is an ideal solution to guarantee QoS of the W-LAN service in a high-speed mobile environment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

Benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P] levels were determined in processed oils and by-products of corn oil, and removal protocol was formulated. The cause of high level B(a)P contents in corn oil was established. Corn germ had a B(a)P level more than 80% that of whole corn. B(a)P content in final deodorized corn oil was $2.15{\mu}g/kg$, after the usual refining process. B(a)P contents less than $2.0{\mu}g/kg$ could not be attained by routine refining process. However, deodorized corn oil, with B(a)P level of $0.09{\mu}g/kg$, could be prepared by treatment of oil with approximately 2% (w/w) mixed granules(acidic clay:active carbon= 90:10[w/w]). The optimal amount of active carbon was 10% (w/w) that of acidic clay;higher levels of active carbon was not required. The optimal particle size of active carbon was $50{\sim}100$ mesh, removal of B(a)P from bleached corn oil was efficient at this mesh size.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2013

The effects of the composition of a mixture containing food waste compost (FWC), rice bran (RB), and oak sawdust (SD) on the antler-type fruiting body (FB) yield of Ganoderma lucidum were studied. Experiments were performed using 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40% (w/w) FWC added to a basal growth medium consisting of 20% (w/w) RB and 80% (w/w) SD. The content of 15% FWC gave the highest FB yield ($27.0{\pm}1.3$ g/bottle), which was 44% higher than the yield ($18.6{\pm}2.8$ g/bottle) of the control treatment. However, FWC contents of 20~40% showed reduced yield (2.4~23.0 g/bottle), partly because FWC had a high Na concentration (0.6%). These results demonstrate the potential for use of FWC as a component of a growth medium for production of G. lucidum FBs.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2013

We examined the scaling effects of a number of gate_fingers (N) and gate_widths (w) on the high-frequency characteristics of $0.1-{\mu}m$ metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistors. Functional relationships of the extracted small-signal parameters with total gate widths ($w_t$) of different N were proposed. The cut-off frequency ($f_T$) showed an almost independent relationship with $w_t$; however, the maximum frequency of oscillation ($f_{max}$) exhibited a strong functional relationship of gate-resistance ($R_g$) influenced by both N and $w_t$. A greater $w_t$ produced a higher $f_{max}$; but, to maximize $f_{max}$ at a given $w_t$, to increase N was more efficient than to increase the single gate_width.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.305-309
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• 2002

In this paper, we present a standard S/W solution for nursery administration. This S/W would substitute for classical nonscientific nursery management that has depended on personal experience and intuition. Especially, the suggest S/W based on its early model(Hwangkum-a-jang) is designed to operate on its daily diary writing. It means every statistical data and information for a sales can be calculated by self analyzing function just by keeping a diary.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.306-310
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• 2021

A 200-W continuous-wave thulium-doped all-fiber laser at 2050 nm was developed with a master oscillator power amplifier configuration. For the master oscillator, a single-mode thulium-doped fiber laser was built with fiber Bragg gratings. The operating power of the oscillator was 10.1 W at a pump power of 20.9 W, and the slope efficiency was measured to be 53.0%. All emitted wavelengths of the oscillator were located between 2049.2 nm and 2049.9 nm, and no other peaks in different wavelength ranges were observed. The maximum output power of the final amplified beam was 204.6 W at a pump power of 350.4 W. The slope efficiency of the amplifier was measured to be 58.4%.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1999

We have developed an attitude sensing S/W system, one of modules of Mission Analysis System(MAS), which simulates attitude sensing data as almost the same as the real sensor of a satellite in orbit. When attitude elements($alpha,delta$) of a satellite and positions of Earth, Moon, and Sun are given, the S/W system calculates look angles and dihedral angles of each celestial bodies relative to the rotations axis of the satellite. It consists of two sub-modules : One is ephemeris service module which consider the perturbations of four planets(Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) for positions of Sun and Moon and 4 $\times$4 earth gravitational potential terms for a satellite's position. The other is attitude simulation module which generates attitude sensing data. Varying the rotational axis of a satellite and it's orbital elements, we simulated the generating attitude sensing data with this S/W system and discussed their results.