• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 제17회 워크샵 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.299-306
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• 2005

Anaerobic fermentation of food waste (FW) and waste activated sludge (WAS) for hydrogen production was performed in CSTR (Continuous Stirred tank reactor) under various HRTs and volumetric mixing ratio (V/V) of two substrates, FW and WAS. The specific hydrogen production potential of FW was higher than that of WAS. However, pH drop in the CSTR for hydrogen production from FW was higher than that from WAS. The maintenance of desired pH during fermentative hydrogen production is regarded as the most important operation parameter for the stable hydrogen production. Therefore, when the potential of hydrogen production from FW and better buffer capacity of WAS, the proper mixture of FW and WAS for fermentative hydrogen production were considered as a useful complementary substrate. The maximum yield of specific hydrogen production, 140 mL/g VSS, was found at HRT of 2 day and the volumetric mixing ratio of 20:80 (WAS : FW). The spatial distribution of hydrogen producing bacteria was observed in anaerobic fermentative reactor using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

The latest research has shown that the turbulence-induced noise is important in total characteristics of flow noise. Also, turbulence-induced noise have a significant influence for performance of sonar dome. In this paper, Flow analysis is performed on vicinity of the sonar dome model using Large Eddy Simulation method. Also, direct method that extracts perturbational sound pressure, FW-H method without turbulence-induced noise and permeable FW-H method that is able to calculate turbulence- induced noise were compared in order to show turbulence effect.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2000

These studies were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental lincomycin at different food waste supplements on performance and blood components of broiler chicks. Diets were based corn, soybean meal and contained 3,100㎉/kg ME, 21% CP for the rest two weeks. Three levels of dietary lincomycin(LM ; 0, 2.2, 4.4 mg/kg) and food waste(FW : 0, 7.5, 15%) were added for both experiments. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were measured for five weeks. Blood components, liver weight and abdominal fat ratio to body weight were examined at the end of experiment. Metabolizable energy of food waste used in formulating diet prior to feeding trials were measured 2,504(Expt 1) and 2,734㎉/kg(Expt 2), respectively. In Expt 1, weight gain of birds fed 4.4mg/kg LM was significantly higher than that of no LM treatment(P〈0.05). It also tended to increase in 7.5% food waste treatment compared to that of control but was not significantly different. FCR of chicks fed 2.2mg/kg LM supplement was significantly improved compared to that of other treatments. However, chicks fed food waste supplements had higher FCR than control as a dietary FW level increased(P〈0.05). There were no significance in blood components of all treatments. Liver to body weight ratio of birds fed 7.5% FW supplements decreased significantly(P〈0.05), but was no consistency in LM treatments. In Expt 2, weight gain of chicks fed 15% FW was not significantly different from the control and 7.5% FW. It tended to increase as dietary supplemental LM increased. It also increased in no LM treatment with 15% FW compared to that of control. However, the birds fed 2.2mg/kg LM with 15% FW exhibited higher weight gain than dther treatments. As FW supplement increased, the feed intake increased significantly(P〈0.05). There were no significance in blood components except serum calcium. Weights of liver were not affected by dietary FW or LM. The results of these experiments indicated that chicks fed 4.4mg/kg LM supplements maximized growth rate of all treatments and improved FCR in 2.2mg/kg LM.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2003

본 연구는 남은 음식물(FW)의 성분변이를 조사하고, 그것의 급여시 비육돈의 성장과 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사료화를 위해 기초자료로 활용하고져 FW를 1년간 (월 6회) 수집하였다. 8주간의 사양시험을 위해 삼원교잡종(L${\times}$Y${\times}$D) 비육돈 $\pm$ 4.60kg) 117두를 공시하였다 (3처리 3반복, 반복당 13두). 처리는 대조구 (옥수수－대두박 위주사료), 건조 방법에 따른 단순 건조 (simple dry: SD) 및 진공발효 (vacuum fermentation: VF)로서 구분하였다. FW의 건물기준으로 에너지, 조단백질, 조지방, 회분, 칼슘 및 인의 4계절 평균치는 각각 5,111kcal/kg, 22.92%, 14.31%, 15.48%, 2.7% 및 1.05%였다. 에너지와 단백질 함량은 각각 겨울과 여름에 가장 높았다 (p<0.05). 건조한 FW의 유산균 함량은 SD와 VF 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 사양성적에서는 ADG에서 대조구가 FW이 첨가된 사료에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나 (p< 0.05), FCR에서는 처리간에 차이가 없었다. SD와 FD와의 생산성 비교에서는 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 지육율, 등지방두께, 그리고 기타 육질(색깔, drip loss 및 TBARS)에서 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 전 시험기간의 증체 kg당 사료비를 살펴보면, FW가 포함된 사료급여군이 대조구에 비해 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면, 남은 음식물을 건조한 후 사료에 20% 이내를 첨가하여 펠렛사료로 급여할 경우 비육돈의 사료비를 절감할수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 FW의 가공시 FD공정은 필요치 않을 것으로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2020

The high intrinsic water content and salinity of food waste prevent a smooth composting process and consequently cause social, economic and environmental problems. In this study, we investigated the distribution of the water content and salinity in food wastes to obtain useful primary data to ensure adequate and quality recycling. A total of 300 food waste (FW) samples were collected from residential apartments (home generated FW), a wide range of restaurants, i.e., restaurant generated FW that included Korean, Chinese, Japanese and western FWs, and several places that included food waste processing facilities (dehydrated FW cakes). The collected food wastes were oven dried for 48 hours at 80℃ after which the water and salinity contents were analyzed. The results show that the average water content of the FWs was 72.45 ± 10.51%, and the average salinity content was 2.03 ± 0.57%. Furthermore, the salinity of the collected FWs was characterized by where the FW was generated. By location, the salinity concentration of home generated FW was 2.30% while western food had the lowest salinity concentration of 1.18%. However, dehydrated cakes had the highest salinity concentration of 2.84%. Especially, the distribution of the salinity content in food wastes can form the basis for improving the compost quality in food waste recycling.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2009

본 시험은 4가지의 유도환우 방법을 이용한 환우 후의 산란계의 생산성을 비교 검토하기 위해 수행하였다. 공시계는 산란율 80% 이상, 평균 체중 $16{\pm}0.3\;kg$의 62주령 White Leghorn 120수를 공시하였다. 4가지 환우 방법은 ; 1) 환우 시험 개시 후 10일째까지 절식, $11{\sim}13$일째 제한 급이, 14일째부터 고에너지 사료 자유 급이 (FW1), 2) 저에너지 사료 자유 급이 (FW2), 3) 환우용 사료를 26일째까지 일일 수당 60 g, 27일째부터 28일째까지 일일 수당 90 g씩 제한 급이(NFW1), 4) 환우용 사료 자유 급이. 처리구는 4종류의 환우 방법에 대조구를 포함하여 총 5처리구를 설정하였으며, 처리구당 2반복, 반복당 12수씩 완전임의 배치하였다. FW1과 FW2 처리구는 환우 처리 후 $3{\sim}4$일째에 산란이 완전정지하였으며, NFW1과 NFW2 처리구는 $16{\sim}18$일째에 산란의 거의 정지하였다. 산란율의 회복은 NFW2구가 28일, NFW1구가 30일부터 재 산란이 시작되고, 각각 38일과 41일째에 산란이 50%에 이르렀으며, 54일, 62일째에 각각 산란율 80% 이상을 유지하였다. 이것과 비교하여 환우 처리 후, 저에너지 사료 급이구 FW1와 고에너지 사료 급이구 FW2구는 산란율의 회복이 FW1구가 28일, FW2구가 26일부터 재 산란이 시작되고, 각각 47일과 41일째에 산란율이 50%에 이르렀으며, 70일, 64일째에 각각 산란율 80% 이상을 유지하였다. 환우 14일째간의 무게는 27.6과 32.2 g, 난포수란관의 무게는 22.0과 24.9 g으로 환우처리구에서 무게가 크게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 환우 후 계란 품질은 환우 처리구에서 난중, 난각 두께, 난각 강도 및 하우유니트가 개선되었으나(P<0.05), 난황색은 차이가 없었다(P>0.05).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2002

The selection of the maxillary anterior artificial teeth is made primarily for esthetics and they must be in harmony with the surrounding oral environment. However the selection of artificial teeth is based on the large degree of subjective judgement or the dentists, therefore, this is one of the most unscientific processes. This study was performed to determine clinically whether there is correlation among the width of the maxillary central incisor(WMCI), the intercanine distance (ICD) the facial width(FW), and the interalar nasal width(IAW) in Korean adults, and to provide the selection standards for the maxillary anterior artificial teeth. The casts were obtained from 91 undergraduate dental students(49 males and 42 females) with Angle's class I occlusion presenting well-arranged intact anterior teeth. The WMCI and ICD were measured on the casts with a vernier calipers($Miltex^{(R)}$, Germany). The photographic procedures under standardized conditions were performed to record each subject's frontal face using digital camera($Olympus^{(R)}$, C-2500L, Japan). The FW and IAW were measured with image analyzer($Image-Pro^{(R)}$ PLUS. media cybermetrics. USA). The results were obtained as follows : 1. The mean WMCI was $8.11{\pm}0.67mm$, ICD was $37.88{\pm}2.15mm$, FW was $141.29{\pm}5.84mm$. and IAW was $37.85{\pm}2.29 mm$. 2. The ratios of FW/WMCI, FW/ICD, IAW/ICD were 17.4, 3.7, 1.0 respectively. 3. All measurements(WMCI, ICD, FW, and IAW) of male group were longer than those of female group significantly in Student's t-test(p<0.01). 4. There was significant correlation between WMCI, ICD, FW, and IAW in Pearson's correlation analysis(p<0.01). 5, The relationship between IAW and ICD shows the strongest correlation among six combinations in linear regression analysis($R^2$=0.753, Y=7.046+0.815X). The FW and IAW could be very reliable guides for the selection of the maxillary anterior artificial teeth.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary swine manure and food waste on feeding and drinking behaviours in broiler chicks. A total of 240 birds with 40g of initial weight were randomly assigned in the 8$\times$3 randomized complete block design and 10 birds per replicate. Extrusion recycled feeds(ERF) were prepared by extruding a mixture of 40% swine manure+40% food waste(FW)+20% corn. The birds assigned to one of the 8 dietary regimens; 0, 10, 30, 40% ERF of 20, 40, 60% FW in the place of a commercial boiler starter diet. Video recording were made after one week of adaptation period to the regimen. The tapes were played in a slow motion to examine feeding and drinking behaviour. Feeding and drinking times were greater in the day time at the night. Feeding times peaked at 4 hour intervals. Drinking time increased about 2 times on FW feeding compared to the other treatment groups. The results indicated that feeding and drinking behaviour could be influenced by the dietary regimens and that FW feeding increased drinking. The data also suggested that the FW could replace within 40% of broiler starter diet.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2023

Food waste (FW) emissions in South Korea amounted to 4.77 million tons in 2021, and continue to increase. Various technologies have been developed to treat FW, with recent research focusing on biochar production through pyrolysis to reduce FW. However, the agricultural application of food waste-biochar (FWBC) is limited by the salt accumulated during pyrolysis. This study investigated salt removal from and the kinetic characteristics of FWBC, and subsequently evaluated its agricultural applications. FW was pyrolyzed at 350℃ for 4 h, and subsequently washed for 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 5, 15, and 30 min to remove salt. FWBC had a salt concentration of 5.75%, which was effectively removed through washing. The salt concentration decreased rapidly at the beginning (1 min) and then slowly decreased, unlike in FW, in which the salt decreased continuously and slowly. The salt removal speed constant (K) was 1.5586 (Stage 1, FWBC) > 0.0445 (Stage 2, FWBC) > 0.0026 (FW). In a lettuce cultivation experiment, higher biomass was achieved using washed FWBC than when using unwashed FWBC and FW, and soil properties were improved. Overall, these findings suggest that although FW reduction using pyrolysis causes a salt accumulation problem, the salt can be effectively removed through washing. The use of washed FWBC can enhance plant growth and soil properties.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

본 연구는 해조류 첨가를 통한 음식물쓰레기의 소화효율 증대효과를 알아보기 위해 다양한 농도(2.5~10.0 g VS/L)와 혼합비율(FW:SW=100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100, VS 농도 기준)에서 회분식 실험을 수행하였다. 음식물쓰레기의 단일소화의 경우 농도가 증가함(2.5~10.0 g VS/L)에 따라 메탄전환율이 394, 377, 276, $49mL\;CH_4/g\;VS_{added}$로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 음식물쓰레기에 해조류의 첨가 비율이 높아질수록 낮은 기질농도(2.5~5.0 g VS/L)에서는 메탄전환율이 감소하였으나(최대 15% 감소) 높은 기질농도(7.5~10.0 g VS/L)에서는 메탄전환율이 증가하였다(최대 240% 상승). 또한 음식물쓰레기와 해조류의 단일소화 시 발생된 메탄가스의 양을 기반으로 상승효과에 의한 메탄발생량을 계산한 결과, 2.5, 5.0 g VS/L에서는 상승효과가 없었고, 7.5, 10.0 g VS/L의 경우에는 해조류의 비율이 높아질수록 상승효과가 최대 25 % (= 상승효과에 의한 메탄발생량/혼합소화 시 실제 발생한 메탄발생량, 기질농도 10.0 g VS/L, 혼합비율 50:50)까지 상승하였다. 음식물쓰레기의 농도가 10.0 g VS/L로 높은 경우 단일소화 시(FW=SW=100:0) 유기산 축적량이 7,426 mg COD/L까지 증가하였고, 해조류를 첨가하면(FW:SW=50:50) 유기산 축적량이 2,346 mg COD/L로 감소하였다. 이는 비교적 생분해도가 낮은 해조류를 첨가함으로서 유기산 생산속도의 조절을 통해 유기산이 축적되는 것을 억제하여 상승효과가 발생한 것으로 판단된다.