• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of coastal mud-flat bacteria origin protease supplementation on laying performance, nutrient digestibility and total protein concentration of serum in laying hens. A total of 252 laying hens were randomly allocated into three treatments with seven replications for eight weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) PRO1 (basal diet + 0.05% protease) and 3) PRO2 (basal diet + 0.1% protease). During the entire experimental period, hen-day egg production was not affected by treatments (P>0.05). Difference of yolk height was increased in PRO1 treatment compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). Difference of egg weight was increased in PRO2 treatment compared with CON and PRO1 treatments (P<0.05). Shell quality, yolk color unit, haugh unit and egg yolk index were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). DM digestibility was improved in CON and PRO2 treatments compared with PRO1 treatment (P<0.05). N digestibility was improved in PRO2 treatment compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). Total protein concentration in serum were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). In conclusion, mud flat bacteria origin protease was effective for improving egg weight, yolk height and nutrient digestibility in laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.303-312
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• 2007

In order to investigate the dynamics of phytoplankton standing crops affecting by environmental factors, biological and environmental factors, this study was examined in the marine ranching ground of Tongyeong coastal waters from 2000 to 2007. During the study, mean water temperature and salinity were 16.7$^{\circ}C$ and 32.9 psu, respectively. pH, DO and SS varied from 7.81$\sim$8.09, 3.02$\sim$8.97 mg $L^{-1}$ and 2.7$\sim$32.2 mg $L^{-1}$, respectively. Mean concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate were 21.75 ${\mu}M$, 0.90 ${\mu}M$ and 14.38 ${\mu}M$, respectively. Chlorophyll a concentrations varied from 0.02 ${\mu}g$ $L^{-1}$ to 25.29 ${\mu}g$ $L^{-1}$ with mean a value of 2.0 ${\mu}g$ $L^{-1}$. These factors did show significant differences on each layer and season, while did not show on the sampling stations. Phytoplankton standing crops varied from $4.21\times10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$ to $1.44\times10^6$ cells $L^{-1}$ with a mean value of $1.92\times10^5$ cells $L^{-1}$. Especially, variations of phytoplankton standing crops had an unimodal pattern as only bloomed in autumn rather than a bimodal pattern as generally bloomed in spring and autumn. In results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the coefficient of determination $(R^2)$ for total standing crops was 0.35 and the standing crops were affected by water temperature, salinity, phosphate and silicate. The factors affected were different seasonally; water temperature in spring, salinity in summer, water temperature, salinity and silicate in autumn and water temperature, salinity and suspended solids in winter. Therefore, the results from the statistical analysis showed that the environmental factors influencing on the variations of the phytoplankton standing crops were predominantly water temperature and salinity.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate of the clinical usefulness of minimal invasive ulnohumeral arthroplasty in patients with mild to moderate elbow arthritis. Materials and Methods: From January 2000 to December 2008, twenty-nine patients with mild to moderate elbow arthritis underwent minimal invasive ulnohumeral arthroplasty. Among these patients, we reviewed the cases of 24 patients for whom we had follow-up data for at least 1 year. There were 20 males and 4 females with a mean age of 53 years (range: 31~69). We excluded patients with preoperative ulnar neuropathy symptoms and investigated the mean operation time, the joint range of motion, the time required until the start of joint exercise, and the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS). Results: Passive and active joint exercises were started in an average of 1.8 days (range: 1~4) after surgery; the mean operation time was 38 minutes (range: 25~55). The elbow joint range of motion was 25-104 degrees (extension 0~70, flexion 80~130) preoperatively and was improved 40 degrees on average to 14-133 degrees (extension 0~45, flexion 90~150) after a year of follow up. The average time required until the start of joint exercise was 1.6 days (range: 1~5). MEPS were excellent in 9 cases and good in 5 cases after a year of follow up. Although there was 1 case of delayed wound healing and 7 cases of postoperative edema, they improved spontaneously. Conclusion: For patients with mild to moderate elbow arthritis, minimal invasive ulnohumeral arthroplasty is a clinically useful surgery since its operation time is short, early joint exercise is possible, and pain is mild.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.120-125
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• 2009

Purpose: We wanted to present the preliminary results of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for the treatment of tonsillar cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 12 patients who underwent IMRT for tonsillar cancer at Asan Medical Center between November 2002 and February 2007. Seven patients (58%) received definitive treatment, and five (42%) were treated in the postoperative setting. Among the definitively treated patients, 6 patients received cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens. Simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) was used in nine patients. The prescribed dose was 72 Gy at 2.4 Gy/fraction for the definitively treated cases and 61.6 Gy at 2.2 Gy/fraction for the postoperative cases. The median follow-up period was 34 months. Results: All twelve patients completed treatment without interruption, and eleven showed a complete response. One patient had persistent loco-regional disease after treatment. The three-year estimates of loco-regional control, disease-free survival and overall survival were 91.7%, 91.7%, and 100%. The worst acute mucositis was Grade 1 in four patients, Grade 2 in five patients, Grade 3 in two patients and Grade 4 in one patient. Grade 3 xerostomia was observed in six patients. Conclusion: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy was shown to be a safe and effective treatment modality for tonsillar cancer. Further studies with a larger number of patients and a longer follow-up period are needed to evaluate the ultimate tumor control and late toxicity of IMRT for treating tonsillar cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.297-297
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• 2009

최근 유기농산물에 대한 관심과 요구가 급증하면서 소비자들은 고품질 유기농산물을 선호하고 있어 국내 대부분 유기농가들은 무처리 일반종자를 이용하고 있는 실정이다. 앞으로 국제 기준에 부합하는 채소류 유기재배를 위해서는 유기종자의 이용이 필수적이므로 유기종자 채종체계 확립이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 당근 종자(재래종 heimloom)를 사용하여 유기종자의 채종체계를 확립하고자 하였다. 일반적으로 당근종자 생산은 적어도 2년을 요구한다. Seed to seed 방법과 Root to seed 방법이 이용되고 있는데 본 연구에서는 Root to seed 방법을 사용하였다. Root to seed 방법은 6월에 당근종자를 파종하여 가을에 뿌리를 수확하여 지상부를 5cm 정도 남기고 정지하여 일시 저온저장 하였다가 이듬해 뿌리를 이식하여 새순에서 추대시켜 종자를 수확하는 방법으로 종자 생산성이 높아 종자회사에서 많이 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서도 Root to seed 방법으로 채종 시험하였다. 2008년도에 파종 및 수확한 뿌리를 저온저장고에 일시 저장 후 1차 이식은 2008년 11월 하순에 노지포장에서 실시하고 이때 월동 중 동해를 막기 위하여 보온덮개로 멀칭 처리하였다. 이듬해 3월 중순에 주간거리 75${\times}$40cm 간격으로 솎음하여 처리당 10주씩 배치하였다. 이식후 뿌리에서 새순 1대를 유도하였고 추대 및 개화 6주후부터 종자가 갈색으로 변하기 시작할 때 채종을 시작하였다. 수확부위는 1차 측지 중 1번째 화지를 대상으로 하였고 화경절단은 화총으로부터 20cm 정도 남겨서 잘랐고 실내에서 1개월 이상 충분히 후숙시킨 후 종자를 정선하여 종자생산성을 조사하였다. 결실율과 발아율 조사는 채종된 종자를 이용하여 종자 충실도와 발아력을 조사하였다. 각 품종별 추대율은 15번 품종과 16번, 24번 품종이 5% 미만으로 매우 부진하였고 그밖에 추대된 묘의 생육 및 발육상은 매우 양호하여 개화에는 커다란 문제가 없었다. 종자 결실율은 23번 품종을 제외한 모든 품종에서 높았고 각 품종별 화총구조를 고려해 볼 때 주간 화총, 1차측지, 2차측지 순으로 결실율이 떨어졌다. 각 품종의 천립중은 1, 11, 12, 14, 20번 품종이 2.02g 이상으로 대립종으로 판단되며 각 품종별 화총의 크기는 비슷하여 대립종은 각 화총당 종자수가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 대분분의 대립종은 만생종으로 생육기간이 소립종 보다 10-20일상 길며 종자 성숙기간도 장기간 소요되며 특히 장마기간을 넘겨야 할 경우에는 비가림 시설 채종재배가 필수적인 것으로 나타났다. 발아율은 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 26번 품종이 80% 이상으로 가장 높았고 다른 품종에서는 다소 떨어져 품종별 차이가 많았다. 종자 생산성은 장근종과 단근종간에 약간의 차이가 있지만 주간 화총을 포함하여 1차 측지 4-5개에서 채종하는 것이 가장 효율적인 것으로 사료된다. 또한 당근의 개화 기간을 보면 1화륜은 8~10일, 1개체는 40~50일, 채종포장에서는 1화륜에서 측지 6개구까지 채종은 60~70일 소요되어 미숙종자와 과숙종자가 혼재되어 적정 수확시기를 결정하기가 매우 어려운 점이 발생하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 생육특성, 수량성, 품질특성, 종자 생산성, 발아율을 고려해 볼 때 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 19, 26번 품종이 유기농 재배 및 유기채종에 적합한 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Three different cDNAS for cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) which are involved in the second step of the general phenylpropanoid pathway were isolated and designated as pc4h1 (1,755 bp), pc4h2 (1,655 bp), and pc4h3 (1,316 bp), respectively. The nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that both pc4h1 and pc4h2 clones encode polypeptides of 505 amino acids frame but pc4h3 clone was truncated at the 5'-end of coding region. The alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences showed that PC4H1 and PC4H2 are highly homologous (95.8% identical) with each other and contain three conserved domains which are typical in cytochrome P450 monooxygenase: proline-rich region, threonine-containing binding pocket for the oxygen molecule, and heme binding region. In addition, result of the phylogenic tree analysis revealed that both pepper C4Hs belong to Class 1. pc4h2 transcription was strongly induced in wounded fruit (400%) and root (200%) relative to its very low basal level but not in leaf or stem tissue. In case of pc4h1, the basal level of transcription was higher than pc4h2 but induction by wounding was lower in fruit and root while leaf and stem tissues did not respond to wounding. The basal level of pc4h3 transcripts was not, if any, detectable and response to wounding was not observed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.60-70
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate whether fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can be applied to simultaneous determination of fatty acids contents in different soybean cultivars. Total 153 lines of soybean (Glycine max Merrill) were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy. Quantification of fatty acids from the soybean lines was confirmed by quantitative gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The quantitative spectral variation among different soybean lines was observed in the amide bond region ($1,700{\sim}1,500cm^{-1}$), phosphodiester groups ($1,500{\sim}1,300cm^{-1}$) and sugar region ($1,200{\sim}1,000cm^{-1}$) of FT-IR spectra. The quantitative prediction modeling of 5 individual fatty acids contents (palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid) from soybean lines were established using partial least square regression algorithm from FT-IR spectra. In cross validation, there were high correlations ($R^2{\geq}0.97$) between predicted content of 5 individual fatty acids by PLS regression modeling from FT-IR spectra and measured content by GC. In external validation, palmitic acid ($R^2=0.8002$), oleic acid ($R^2=0.8909$) and linoleic acid ($R^2=0.815$) were predicted with good accuracy, while prediction for stearic acid ($R^2=0.4598$), linolenic acid ($R^2=0.6868$) had relatively lower accuracy. These results clearly show that FT-IR spectra combined with multivariate analysis can be used to accurately predict fatty acids contents in soybean lines. Therefore, we suggest that the PLS prediction system for fatty acid contents using FT-IR analysis could be applied as a rapid and high throughput screening tool for the breeding for modified Fatty acid composition in soybean and contribute to accelerating the conventional breeding.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch- Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein Purpura (HSP) nephritis combined with proteinuria. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 21 patients who were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis based on percutaneous renal biopsy. Of the 21 patients, 15 were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy and 6 were diagnosed with HSP nephritis. They had mild to severe proteinuria at the time of diagnosis or during follow-up. Group 1 (n=7) received methylprednisolone pulse therapy three times every couple of months, and Group 2 (n=14) received oral steroid therapy. The follow-up periods for Group 1 and 2 were 14.0 (9-54) months and 26.5 (14-34) months, respectively. There was no significant difference in the follow-up duration between the two groups. Results: The average age at diagnosis and biopsy was lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2, but it was not significantly different. At admission, all patients in both groups had hematuria and 5 patients (71.4%) of Group 1 and 14 patients (100 %) of Group 2 had proteinuria. Before treatment, there was no significant difference of spot urine protein/creatinine ratio between the two groups. During followup, 7 patients of Group 1 (100%) and 10 patients of Group 2 (71.4%) showed complete improvement of proteinuria and the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio in Group 1 was significantly lower than Group 2. Conclusion: In patients with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis with proteinuria, methylprednisolone pulse therapy was more effective than oral steroid therapy in the reduction of proteinuria. To investigate the effects on long-term prognosis, large-scale prospective studies are needed.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.401-412
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary Mogchotan(the mixture of charcoal and pyroligneous acid, 80:20, w/w) supplementation on fattening performance, fatty acid composition and the physico-chemical characteristics of meat in pigs. The present study was also stressed to investigate the possibility of industrial utilization of charcoal and pyroligneous acid as a livestock feed additive. Weight gain and feed conversion in pigs fed the Mogchotan supplemented diet were higher than those of the control group. In fatty acids composition, palmitic acid(C16:0) contents of Mogchotan treatment groups were lower than that of control group. However, Mogchotan supplementation increased C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 contents when compared with control group pigs. Also, Mogchotan supplementation groups decreased saturated fatty acids level than control group. On the other hand, Mogchotan supplementation showed higher unsaturated fatty acids value, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids value compared to control group. The carcass pH of pigs fed the Mogchotan tended to be higher than control, but was not significantly different. The water holding capacity was significantly higher in pigs fed the 3.0% Mogchotan-supplemented diet than those of other treatment groups(p<0.05). Altogether, it has been suggested that dietary $1{\sim}3%$ of Mogchotan supplementation improved the fattening performance and meat quality in pigs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.461-466
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• 2014

Three plant species, Aster sphathulifolius, Sedum oryzifolium, and Lysimachia mauritiana, native to the Dokdo Islands in South Korea, were examined for rhizosphere microorganisms by using 16S rDNA sequences. Nine species of rhizosphere microorganisms were isolated from the three native plant species, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the microorganisms could be classified into 19 species belonging to four phyla (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria), and the characteristics of the microbes were confirmed. Rhizosphere microorganisms from the six orders (Bacillales, Corynebacteriales, Flavobacteriales, Micrococcales, Oceanospirillales, and Rhodobacterales) were isolated from S. oryzifolium. From L. mauritiana, microbes belonging to the seven orders (Bacillales, Flavobacteriales, Micrococcales, Oceanospirillales, Rhizobiales, and Rhodobacterales) were isolated. From A. sphathulifolius, the six orders of rhizosphere microorganisms (Alteromonadales, Bacillales, Corynebacteriales, Flavobacteriales, Micrococcales, and Rhizobiales) were isolated. These data showed that Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla for the rhizosphere of all three plants. To confirm the bacterial diversity in rhizospheres, Shannon's diversity index (H') was used at the genus level. In these data, the rhizosphere from S. oryzifolium and L. mauritiana had more diverse bacteria compared to that from A. sphathulifolius.