• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.580-585
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• 2008

Background: Many types of tricuspid annuloplasty are used in surgical correction of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). We evaluated the mid-term and long-term outcomes in patients treated with a posterior annular plication technique (a modified Davila technique) for FTR. Material and Method: Between January 1991 and August 2006, 58 adult patients (male, 22; female, 36) with FTR of grade 2/4 or more or with tricuspid annular dilatation of more than 5.0cm in diameter, even with an FTR of less than grade 2, had received a posterior annular placation. Preoperatively, 26 patients (44.8%) had a grade 3 or more FTR. All patients had received a mitral valve replacement, and 20 (34.5%) had concomitant aortic valve replacement. Result: During the mean follow-up period of $101.4{\pm}51.6$ months, FTR disappeared or remained trivial in 28 patients (49.1%), was grade $2{\sim}3$ (${\geq}$grade 2 and $2.66{\pm}0.73\;vs.\;0.82{\pm}0.89$; p<0.0001). Patients did not require a second surgery for FTR and did not show further FTR aggravation. Conclusion: The modified Davila posterior annular plication technique for FTR has reasonable mid-term and long-term results and is a useful surgical procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1037-1044
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of childhood obesity and to figure out the correlation between percentage of body fat and various criteria used for evaluating childhood obesity, and to suggest a new convenient criterion applicable to obesity assessment for large population. subject of 309(male: 153, female: 156) from Uisung elementary school in Kyungbuk, in the age range from 10 to 12 were recruited. The prevalence of obese was evaluated by the methods of Slaughter skinfold equations for children, BMI, and RI. fourteen(4.5%) by Slaughter eq, 39(12.6%) by BMI, 31 (10%) by RI were found to be obese. The results indicate that the evaluation of child obesity is influenced by the methods applied; that is, BMI and RI tend to overpredict the obese while percentage of body fat tend to underestimate. Percentage of body fat by Slaughter equations using triceps and calf skinfold is highly correlated with triceps plus subscapular skinfold thickness(male: r=0.91, female: r=0.88) and with Kim equations for Korean children(male: r=0.93, femlae: r=0.88). The results suggest that, if necessary, practitioners can adequately predict body composition without exposing the upper torso of females.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.512-519
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• 2009

Among patients who visited each clinical department for oriental medical treatments, anthropometric measurement, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profile level were measured at their first initial visit. 55 subject patients who were diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome and 150 mg/dL or more of triglyceride were selected as subjects whose fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were measured after fasting. According to each patient's disease, the subject received treatments such as herb medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, physical therapy and rehabilitation therapy from each clinical department, and after an average of 4.10${\pm}$0.31 weeks, another test was performed yielding the following results. Serum triglyceride was 243.72${\pm}$13.05 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and 188.11${\pm}$12.17 mg/dL after the treatment where although it continued to show an abnormal value even after the treatment, there was statistically significant decrease compared to pre treatment(P<0.05). Serum total cholesterol was 207.50${\pm}$5.89 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and 192.37${\pm}$5.53 mg/dL after the treatment which was statistically insignificant compared to pre treatment(P>0.05). Serum HDL cholesterol was 51.19${\pm}$3.95 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and increased to 52.53${\pm}$1.49 mg/dL after the treatment although it was statistically insignificant compared to pre treatment(P>0.05). Serum LDL cholesterol was 110.66${\pm}$5.86 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and decreased to 106.12${\pm}$4.82 mg/dL after the treatment although it was statistically insignificant compared to pre treatment(P>0.05). In regards to the change of triglyceride for each sex, it was 221.84${\pm}$14.01 mg/dL before the treatment and 187.00${\pm}$15.47 mg/dL after the treatment for men, and it was 271.50${\pm}$22.78 mg/dL and 189.53${\pm}$19.76 mg/dL respectively for women where even though men and women showed the decrease of 34.84${\pm}$12.79 mg/dL and 81.96${\pm}$20.01 mg/dL respectively, both men and women continue to show abnormal values after the treatments. However, there was statistically significant decrease compared to pre treatment(P<0.05). In regards to the change of total cholesterol for each sex, with 198.24${\pm}$7.60 mg/dL for men before the treatment and 188.93${\pm}$7.45 mg/dL after the treatment, values for both before and after the treatment were within the normal range where the change value was 9.30${\pm}$5.86 mg/dL and statistically insignificant(P>0.05). For women, it was 219.26${\pm}$8.87 mg/dL and 196.73${\pm}$8.43 mg/dL respectively for women where with 22.53${\pm}$7.60 mg/dL, it decreased to the normal level after the treatment, and there was a statistically significant decrease compared to pre treatment(P<0.05). With such results, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels of patients who have been diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome were observed to decrease after the oriental medical treatment. Especially, for both men and women, abnormally high triglyceride level decreased while the effect of lipid profile improvement for women was more significant compared to men.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.330-338
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• 2012

HACCP is a preventative food safety management system whose application is highly encouraged worldwide. In this study, the workers' demands for the application of HACCP system at the meat retail shops were surveyed. According to a factor analysis on the demands of the application of HACCP system, the results could be classified into three factors: HACCP support, HACCP promotion and education, and generic livestock product safety management. Items on demands showed higher results for HACCP support (3.91 point) than for HACCP promotion and education (3.83 point) or generic livestock product safety management (3.72 point). The application of HACCP system was more demanded by HACCPcertified retailors with 4.11 point than the non-HACCP-certified ones (3.57 point). From the analysis of items on demands, 'governmental promotion of the general public livestock HACCP; (p<0.001) was the highest demand item by the HACCPcertified retailors and 'HACCP certification support for the government's investment' by the non-HACCP-certified ones (p<0.05). The strengthening of governmental support for the application of HACCP at meat retail shops as well as active HACCP promotion and education aiming at general public was demanded. With this, the establishment of HACCP system and the improvement of safety management level at the area of meat retail shops could be achieved, contributing to the increase of consumers' satisfaction.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2011

To develop a new cultivar of King oyster mushroom(Pleurotus eryngii), G09-21 as parental strain was selected by the method of Di-mon crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from ASI 2824(Keunneutari No.2) and dikaryotic strain ASI 2887(Aeryni 3). The Pe21-51($G09-21-10{\times}2844-11$) was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new cultivar and named as 'Song-A'. The 'Song-A' was formed incompatibility line distinctly in the confrontation growth of parental strains Keunneutari No.2, Aeryni 3 and ASI 2844. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth, fruiting body development and pH arrange were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, $14{\sim}16^{\circ}C$ and pH5~8, respectively. Fruiting body production per bottle was about $94.7{\pm}29.5$ g which is almost 106% quantity compared to that of other cultuvar Keunneutari No.2. And also the stip is thick and long but the number of available stipe is few. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar 'Song-A' showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strains, Keunneutari No.2, Aeryni 3 and ASI 2844, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers URP4 and 7 were used. This new cultivar 'Song-A' of Pleurotus eryngii is characterized by a small number of primordia formation and the stip is thick and long. Therefore, we expect that this new strain will save of labor and cost by without culling work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.1424-1435
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• 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of multiphasic CT and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT for the differentiation of combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods From January 2007 to April 2016, 93 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC (n = 84) or cHCC-CCA (n = 9) underwent CT and PET/CT imaging. Contrast enhancement patterns were divided into three types based on the attenuation of the surrounding liver parenchyma: type I (early arterial enhancement with delayed washout), type II (early arterial enhancement without delayed washout), and type III (early hypovascular, infiltrative appearance, or peripheral rim enhancement). Results cHCC-CCAs (89%) had a higher PET/CT positive rate than did HCCs (61%), but the PET/CT positive rate did not differ significantly (p = 0.095). Among the 19 cases of the type II enhancement pattern, 3 (21%) of 14 HCCs and 4 (80%) of 5 cHCC-CCAs were PET/CT positive. cHCC-CCAs had a significantly higher PET/CT positive rate (p = 0.020) in the type II enhancement pattern. Conclusion The PET/CT positive rate of cHCC-CCA was significantly higher than that of HCC in lesions with a type II enhancement pattern. The ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can be useful for the differentiation of cHCC-CCA from HCC in lesions with a type II enhancement pattern on multiphasic CT.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.290-298
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• 2007

Background: The currently available diagnostic markers for pleural effusion have a limited role. The soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) is a molecule recently reported to play an important role in the myeloid cell mediated inflammatory response, and is up regulated in the body fluid by bacterial or fungal products. This study examined the expression of sTREM-1 in pleural effusion. Methods: Between April 2004 and December 2005, 48 patients with pleural effusions were enrolled in this study. The pleural fluids were taken and analyzed for the total protein, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and sTREM-1. Bacterial cultures and cytology tests were also performed. Results: The clinical diagnoses were 17 parapneumonic, 14 tuberculous, and 13 malignant effusions. Four patients presented with transudates. The mean ages of the parapneumonic, tuberculous and malignant effusion groups were $57.1{\pm}19.7$, $49.5{\pm}18.6$, $66.9{\pm}15.5$, and $76.0{\pm}18.1$. respectively. The level of sTREM-1 expression was significantly higher in the parapneumonic effusions ($344.0{\pm}488.7$) than in the tuberculous effusions ($81.7{\pm}56.6$) and malignant effusions ($39.3{\pm}19.6$). With a cut-off value of 55.4pg/ml, the sensitivity and specificity for a parapneumonic effusion was 70.6% and 74.1%. Conclusion: sTREM-1 expression is significantly higher in parapneumonic effusions, suggesting its potential role as an additional diagnostic marker for pleural effusions.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Purpose : An effect of a packing to uterine treatment of a cervical cancer using a dose-volume histogram for a point dose and a volume dose of the bladder and the rectum was analyzed by establishing a three-dimensional treatment plan using a CT image. Materials and methods : Reference points of the bladder and the rectum were marked, respectively at a treatment plan device (plato brachytherapy V14.2.4) by photographing CT(marconi, USA) when the packing was used and removed under the same condition and a treatment plan was performed to Apoint depending on ICRU38. However, in case of the rectum, a maximum point was looked up and compared with the above point because the point presented from the ICRU is not proper as a representative value of a rectum point dose. Further, the volume dose depending on volume of $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ point doses of the rectum and the bladder was measured. The measured values were used to analyze the effect of the packing through a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (a SAS statistical analysis process program). Result : The reference points at the bladder and rectum doses when the packing was removed were $116.94\;35.42\%$ and $117.59\;21.08\%$, respectively. The points when the packing was used were $107.08\;38.12\%$ and $95.19\;21.32\%$, respectively. After the packing was used, the reference points at the bladder and the rectum were decreased by $9.86\%$ and $22.4\%$, respectively. When the packing was removed, the maximum points at the bladder and the rectum were $164.51\;50.89\%,\;128.81\;33.05\%$, respectively. When the packing was used, the maximum points at the bladder and the rectum were $142.31\;44.79,\;110.08\;37.03\%$, respectively. After the packing was used, the maximum points at the bladder and the rectum were decreased by $22.2\%$ and $18.73\%$, respectively. When the packing was removed, the bladder volume at $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ point doses of the rectum and the bladder were $48.62{\pm}18.09\%,\;16.12{\pm}11.15\%,\;and\;7.51{\pm}6.63\%$, respectively and its rectum volume were $23.41{\pm}14.44\%,\;6.27{\pm}4.28\%,\;2.79{\pm}2.27\%$, respectively. When the packing was used, the bladder volume at $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ point doses of the rectum and the bladder were $40.33{\pm}16.72,\;11.63{\pm}8.72,\;and\;4.87{\pm}4.75\%$, respectively and its rectum volume were $18.96{\pm}8.37\%,\;4.75{\pm}2.58\%,\;and\;1.58{\pm}1.06\%$, respectively. After the packing was used, the bladder volume at $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ point doses of the rectum and the bladder were decreased by $8.29\%,\;4.49\%,\;and\;2.64\%$, respectively and its bladder volume were decreased by $4.45\%,\;1.52\%,\;and\;1.21\%$, respectively. Conclusion : Values at Reference point doses of the bladder and the rectum recommended from the ICRU 38 were 0.0781 and 0.0781, respectively and values of their maximum point doses were 0.0156 and 0.0156, respectively, as a result of which an effect of the packing using at the uterine intracavitary treatment of an uterine cervical cancer through the three-dimensional treatment plan used CT were measured. That is, the values at reference point doses and the values at maximum point doses show similar difference. However, P value was 0.15 at over $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;100\%$ volume doses and the value shows no similar difference. In other words, the effect of the packing looks like having a difference at the point dose, but actually shows no difference at the volume dose. The reason is that the volume of the bladder and the rectum are wide but the volume of the packing is only a portion. Therefore, the effect of decreasing the point dose was not great. Further, the farer the distance is, the more weak the intensity of radiation is because the intensity of radiation is proportional to inverse square of a distance. Therefore, the effort to minimize an obstacle of the bladder and the rectum by using the packing should be made.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.430-435
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• 2008

The sensory characteristics of imported (two dry, two sweet, and one medium dry wines) and domestic (one sweet wine) red wine were evaluated by 250 panels. The preferences of aroma, color, sweetness, tartness, astringency, and overall acceptability were determined by 5-point just-about-right scale. Among six wines, B sample obtained the highest mean overall acceptability score of 3.67 and its chemical and sensory characteristics were as follow: cherry or strawberry aroma, 9.4 brix, 3.7% of sugar content, pH 3.5, 10% of ethanol, 0.14% of tannin, 5.74 mg/mL of total organic acids, and color of $L(12.04{\pm}0.01)$, $a(33.90{\pm}0.19)$, and $b(8.22{\pm}0.00)$. These results revealed that Korean consumers generally prefer sweet taste to dry one, flat taste to bitter one, and fruity aroma to others. Panels preferred a red wine containing high sugar content of $5{\sim}10%$. On the other hand, panels showed low preference to the wine containing tannin above 0.16%. However, these general trends were slightly varied depending on their ages and consuming frequencies.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of the waist circumference-to-height ratio (WHTR) in screening for obesity in Korean children and adolescents. Methods: Data, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and height, were obtained from the national growth surveys for children and adolescents in 2005. The WHTR was calculated dividing WC by height in subjects 2~18 years of age. Overweight and obese were defined by BMI percentiles for age and gender. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to find out the optimal cutoff values of WHTR that matched BMI-determined overweight and obesity using the STATA program. The area under the curve (AUC), a measure of diagnostic power, of WHTR was compared to WC. The influence of age on WHTR was analyzed by the SAS program. Results: The WHTR significantly decreased with age, and had less correlation with age in the 6~18-year-old age group than the 2~5-year-old age group. Furthermore, the WHTR also had less correlation with age than WC in the 6~18-year-old age group. The AUC of WHTR in identifying overweight and obesity was significantly higher than the AUC of WC in the 6~18-year-old age group. The optimal cutoff values were 0.51 in boys and 0.49 in girls for obesity, and 0.48 in boys and 0.47 in girls for overweight, with all having the AUC>0.9. The optimal cutoff values of WHTR had a higher sensitivity for diagnosing obesity than WC${\geq}$90th percentiles. Conclusion: The WHTR is an easy, accurate, and less age-dependent index with high applicability in screening for obesity in children and adolescents.