• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Control, 저온저장한 마늘, 녹변 마늘 및 conditioning한 마늘의 저장 전후 및 녹변 유발 후의 성분을 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같았다. 일반성분과 가용성고형분, pH, 유기산 산도 및 총당 등에는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 마늘에 함유된 유기산 함량 중 pyruvic arid는 137.1-160.6mg%으로서 총 함량은 687.9-733.7mg% 수준이었다. 마늘의 유리당의 분포는 sucrose, fructose, glucose 순으로 높았으며, 1-kestose, 1-nystose 및 1-F-fructosyl nystose와 같은 fructooligosaccharide도 다소 함유되어 있었다. Control, 녹변마늘 및 conditioning한 마늘에 대하여 allicin는 각각 647.9, 613.8mg 및 648.0mg%이 존재하는 것으로 분석되었다. 마늘에 존재하는 향기성분을 GC/MSD로 조사한 결과 분리된 peak 중 control은 32개, 저온저장한 마늘은 31개, 녹변마늘 은 32개 및 conditioning한 마늘은 32개의 성분을 동정할 수 있었으며, 이들 동정된 향기성분을 계통별로 분류한 결과 sulfide계통의 성분이 11으로 가장 많았으며 acid가 5종, aldehyde가 3종 그리고 기타 13종이었다. Control, 저온 저장한 마늘, 녹변마늘 및 conditioning한 마늘간에 sulfide의 면적을 조사한 결과 disulfide(di-propenyl), 2-thiophene methanethiol, thiophene, 3,4 dihydro-3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin 등의 함유황 화합물과 수용성펙틴 등이 centre에 비해 저온저장한 마늘에서 높게 검출되었으며, 저온저장 후 conditioning과정을 거치면 논았던 함유황 화합물과 수용성펙틴 등이 control 수준으로 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 저온저장한 마늘을 마쇄하여 녹변을 유발시킨 마늘시료에서는 저온저장한 마늘보다는 함유황 화합물과 수용성펙틴 등의 물질이 적지만 control이나 conditioning한 마늘보다는 이들 함량이 매우 높음을 관찰한 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 마늘의 녹변현상은 마늘을 저온저장할 때 di-propenyl disulfide 등의 함유황 화합물과 수용성 pectin질이 축적되었다가 마늘이 마쇄로 alliinase가 이들 물질과 반응하여 녹변색소가 생성되는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1409-1419
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• 2021

A growing number of healthy dietary ingredients in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone flavonoid that is abundant in apples and pears, has anti-inflammatory effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. The gut microbiota and metabolism are closely related to each other due to the existence of the food-gut axis in the human colon. To investigate the interplay of faecal metabolites and the microbiota in UC mice after phloretin treatment, phloretin (60 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Gut microbes and faecal metabolite profiles were detected by high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, respectively. The correlations between gut microbes and their metabolites were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The results indicated that phloretin reshaped the disturbed faecal metabolite profile in UC mice and improved the metabolic pathways by balancing the composition of faecal metabolites such as norepinephrine, mesalazine, tyrosine, 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole, and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. Correlation analysis identified the relations between the gut microbes and their metabolites. Proteus was negatively related to many faecal metabolites, such as norepinephrine, L-tyrosine, laccarin, dopamine glucuronide, and 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole. The abundance of unidentified Bacteriodales_S24-7_group was positively related to ecgonine, 15-KETE and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. The abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was negatively related to the levels of 15-KETE and netilmicin. Stenotrophomonas and 15-KETE were negatively related, while Intestinimonas and alanyl-serine were positively related. In conclusion, phloretin treatment had positive impacts on faecal metabolites in UC mice, and the changes in faecal metabolites were closely related to the gut microbiota.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2004

A series of N-substituted-1,3-isoindolinedione derivatives (2-16) were synthesized for the purpose of defining the effect of N-substitution on the anticonvulsant activity of these derivatives. The target compounds (2-16) were obtained by condensation of phthalic anhydride with the corresponding amine derivative. The structures of the synthesized derivatives (2-16) were confirmed by means of IR, $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$ C-NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The anticonvulsant activity of all compounds (2-16) were evaluated by subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold test at doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mmol/kg compared with sodium valproate as a positive control. Their neurotoxicity were determined by the rotorod test. Many of the present series of compounds showed good anticonvulsant activity at the tested doses, as compared to sodium valproate. Three of them (4, 6 and 11) exhibited 100 % protection against convulsions, neurotoxicity and death at all tested doses. Out of the series, two compounds (12 and 13) were completely inactive with 100% mortality. 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-(1 ,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-2-isoindolyl) butanoic acid derivative (11) has emerged as the most active compound which is 20 times more active than valproate with ED$_{50}$ 8.7, 169 mg/kg; TD$_{50}$ 413, 406 mg/kg and PI 47.5, 2.4. The results revealed the importance of the combination of baclofenic and phthalimide moieties (compound 11) as a promising anticonvulsant candidate.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.375-381
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• 1992

In this study we have synthesized two spiro orthocarbonates, which can be polymerized with volume expansion, and determined their crystal structures. The crystal data are as follows; 3,4,10,11-Di(9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracenyl)- 1,6,8,13-tetraoxa-6.6-tridecane 5: a = 16.898 (1), b = 9.299 (1), c = 24.359 (2) ${\AA}$, $\beta$ = 123.73 $(7)^{\circ}$, space group P21/c and R = 0.073 for 2954 reflections; compound 8: a = 15.244 (4), b = 15.293 (3), c = 10.772 (3) $\AA$, ${\beta}$ = 99.45 $(2)^{\circ}$, space group P21/c and R = 0.082 for 2346 reflections. The seven-membered rings of compound 5 are chair forms and all the six-membered rings are boat shaped. For a six-membered spiro orthocarbonate, 3,9-Di(9-fluorenylidenyl)-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5,5-und ecane 8, fluorene groups [C(1) atom through C(13) atom] are planar within ${\pm}0.09{\AA}$ and the six-membered rings have chair conformations. The whole molecule has pseudo-C2 symmetry. The water molecules in the crystal are linked with each other through the hydrogen bond with distance of 2.790 (20) ${\AA}$.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2020

It was carried out to investigate the antibiotic residues detected by the residue tests for edible tissues of slaughtered livestock in Korea from January to November in 2019. Positive cases of qualitative test and analytical test for 11 months were 689 and 341, respectively. Positive cases of analytical test for cattle, pigs, horses and poultry were 164, 168, 2 and 7, respectively. Antibiotics were detected from 472 materials from 341 cases and classified as β-lactams 162 (37.9%), aminoglycosides 141 (33%), quinolones 69 (16.2%), sulfonamides 23 (5.4%), amphenicols 10 (2.3%), tetracyclines 9 (2.1%), macrolides 6 (1.4%) and the rest 7 (1.4%). Other materials were benzyl penicillin 119 (27.9%), (dihydro)streptomycin 105 (24.6%) and enrofloxacin (including ciprofloxacin) 39 (9.1%). In conclusion, strict management of benzyl penicillin and streptomycin in cattle and pigs should be implemented to reduce the positive cases of slaughtered livestock in Korea.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.395-399
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• 2005

From $70\%$ ethanol extract of the roots of Smilax bockii warb., seven flavonoids, kaempferol (1), $kaempferol-7-O-\beta-D-glucopyranoside$ (2), quercetin (3), isorhamnetin (4), (+)-dihydro­kaempferol (5), engeletin (6), isoengeletin (7), and $n-butyl-\beta-D-fructopyranoside$ (8), caffeic acid n-butyl ester (9) were isolated and identified by means of chemical and spectroscopic. Compounds 2, 4, and 6-9 were isolated for the first time from the roots of S. bockii and compounds 2, 8, and 9 were firstly isolated from the genus Smilax. In addition, using the SEAP (Secreted alkaline phosphatase) assay system, we investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the $70\%$ ethanol extract of the roots of S. bockii, which showed moderate activity in inhibiting $TNF-\alpha-induced NF-{\kappa}B$ activation with an $IC_{50}$ value of $166.6 {\mu}g/mL$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1996

A sesquiterpene ortho-naphtpoquinone was isolated from the 80% aqueous methanolic extract of root bark of Ulmus davidiana Planch whose stem and root bark have been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of edema, mastitis, gastric cancer and inflammation. On the basis of spectral data obtained from UV-vis, IR, HR-EIMS and NMR spectrometry, including the pulse field gradient (PFG) HMQC and HMBC techniques, the structure of this compound was determined as 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylnaphtho(1,8-b,c)pyran-7,8-dione which has been known as mansonone 1. This compound has been isolated only from the heart-wood of Mansonia altissima Chev, a Sterculiacea from West Africa. Thus, this compound was isolated for the second time from natural source in this study. This is the first report to present the carbon chemical shift assignment of mansonone I.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2001

The extract of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica cortex has known as natural anti-inflammatory substance in East Asia. For the identification of antimicrobial substance, it was extracted by using methanol and fractionated by using different organic solvents. The fraction of butanol was represented the highest antimicrobial activities. Therefore, the butanol fraction was purified and identified the chemical structure by $^1$H and $^{13}$ C-NMR spectra, FT-IR and EI/MS spectroscopies. The isolated antimicrobial substance was identified as cis-2-[3,4-dihydroxy phenyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol, which has commonly known as (-)epicatechin. Its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were shown as 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, respectively.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.357-368
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• 1996

The in vitro antibacterial activity of a novel fluoroquinolone, DWP20373(1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(2,7-diazabicyclo[3,3,0]oct-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4 oxoquino line-3carboxylic acid) was compared with those of ciprofloxacin (CPFX), sparfloxacin (SPFX) and ofloxacin (OFLX). DWP20373 was more active than SPFX and OFLX but was less potent than CPFX against gram-negative bacteria. DWP20373 showed an excellent activity against L-MRSA and H-MRSA ($MlC_{90}=0.781{\sim}1.563{\mu}g/ml$).The activity of DWP20373 decreased moderately in the presence of 5mM $Mg^{2+}$. However, pH and serum had no effect on the activity of DWP20373. DWP20373 possessed a rapid bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative strains.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1997

The in vitro antibacterial activity of DWP20367 (1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-chloro-7-(2,7-diazabicyclo[3,3,0]oct-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, was compared with those of ciprofloxacin (CPFX), sparfloxacin (SPFX) and ofloxacin (OFLX). DWP20367 was showed antibacterial activity much higher than CPFX, SPFX and OFLK against gram-positive bacteria, while it was slightly more superior to quinolones against gram-negative bacteria. DWP20367 was particularly effective against MRSA, and its $MlC_{90}$ against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, low methicillin-resistant S. aureus and high methicillin-resistant S. aureus were 0.098, 0.781 and 1.563 micro g/ml, respectively. Against S. pneumoniae, MIC90 of DWP20367 was 2- to 8-fold higher than those of CPFX. With a view of MIC90, DWP20367 showed slightly more potent activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli isolates than the control quinolones. DWP20367 activity was not affected by inoculum size and medium pH. But addition of $Mg^{2+}, \;Ca^{2+} $Mg2+, Ca2+ or horse serum (25%) decreased its antibacterial activity. DWP20367 was showed rapidly bactericidal activity within 2 to 4 h, and regrowth was not observed even after 24 h incubation at concentrations near the 4-fold of MIC.