• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2001

배 경 : rpoB 유전자 돌연변이는 rifampicin 내성결핵의 96-98%에서 발견된다. 실험실 검사에서는 rpoB 유전자가 다제내성결핵의 지표로서 빠른 진단에 사용될 수 있음이 보고되었으나 임상적 적용에 대해서는 아직 국내 및 외국에도 보고가 없는 실정이다. 연구 방법 : 서울중앙병원에서 1998 년 6월부터 2000년 7월 까지 LiPA법을 이용하여 rpoB유전자 돌연변이분석이 시행된 33명 환자에서 후향적으로 의무기록을 조사하였다. 환자의 임상상, 약제 감수성, 그리고 LiPA 검사 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 전통적인 약제감수성 결과를 표준으로 하여 LiPA 검사 결과와 비교하였으며 양 검사결과가 불일치하는 경우에 rpoB 유전자 염기서열분석을 시행하였다. 연구결과 : 평균 나이는 $42{\pm}19$세이고, 남녀비는 24 : 9 이었다. rpoB 유전자 검사 요청 시간으로부터 결과 보고까지 평균 시간은 $5.2{\pm}2.6$일 이었다. rpoB 유전자 검사 결과는 약제 감수성 결과보다 평균시간은 $56{\pm}35$일 빠르게 보고되었다. 감수성 결과가 얄려진 33명 중 28(85%)명에서는 유전자 검사와 동일한 결과를 보였고, 5명은(15%) 반대 결과를 보였다. 반대 결과를 보인 5명에서 염기서열 분석을 하였을 때, 3예에서 약물 감수성 결과가 오류였을 가능성이 있고, 나머지 2예는 LiPA 검사결과가 오류였을 가능성이 있다. 치료 약 선택에 도움을 준 경우가 28예(85%) 있었다. 결 론 : LiPA 방법을 이용한 rpoB 유전자 검사는 임상에서도 다수에서 다제내성을 신속하고 정확하게 진단할 수 있었고, 치료약 선택에 도움을 주었다. 하지만 현재의 시점에서 LiPA 방법이 기존의 도말 및 배양검사를 완전히 대치할 수는 없고 임상상, 도말 및 배양검사결과와 종합하여 보조적으로 사용하면 도움이 될 것으로 사료되었다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2019

ZSM-5 membrane was prepared on tubular macroporous ${\alpha}$-alumina support using a different synthesis route. The effects of organic template agent and Si/Al ratio of the synthesis gel on morphology, structure, and separation performance of the ZSM-5 membrane used for dehydration of isopropanol were investigated. High water perm-selectivity ZSM-5 membrane with a thickness of about $3.0{\mu}m$ and a low Si/Al ratio of 10.1 was successfully prepared from organotemplate-free synthesis gel with a molar composition of $SiO_2$ : $0.050Al_2O_3$ : $0.21Na_2O$ : NaF : $51.6H_2O$ at $175^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The ZSM-5 membrane exhibited high pervaporation performance with a flux of $3.92kg/(m^2{\cdot}h)$ and corresponding separation factor of higher than 10,000 for dehydration of 90 wt.% isopropanol/water mixture at $75^{\circ}C$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1369-1373
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• 2014

Objectives: To study application of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT for predicting prognosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESC) patients. Methods: Eighty-six patients with ESC staged from I to IV were prospectively enrolled. Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or palliative chemoradiotherapy were the main treatment methods and none received surgery. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans were performed before the treatment. SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were measured for the primary esophageal lesion and regional lymph nodes. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) were generated to calculate the P value of the predictive ability and the optimal threshold. Results: MTV and TLG proved to be good indexes in the prediction of outcome for the ESC patients. An MTV value of 15.6 ml and a TLG value of 183.5 were optimal threshold to predict the overall survival (OS). The areas under the curve (AUC) for MTV and TLG were 0.74 and 0.70, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed an MTV less than 15.6 ml and a TLG less than 183.5 to indicate good media survival time (p value <0.05). In the stage III-IV patient group, MTV could better predict the OS (P < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.80 and 0.67, respectively. Conclusions: Pre-treatment MTV and TLG are useful prognostic factors in nonsurgical ESC.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.667-685
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• 2018

In eccentrically braced steel frames (EBFs), the links are fuse members which enter inelastic phase before other structure members and dissipate the seismic energy. Based on the force-based seismic design method, damages and plastic deformations are limited to the links, and the main structure members are required tremendous sizes to ensure elastic with limited or no damage. Force-based seismic design method is very common and is found in most design codes, it is unable to determine the inelastic response of the structure and the damages of the members. Nowadays, methods of seismic design are emphasizing more on performance-based seismic design concept to have a more realistic assessment of the inelastic response of the structure. Links use ordinary steel Q345 (the nominal yielding strength $f_y{\geq}345MPa$) while other members use high strength steel (Q460 $f_y{\geq}460MPa$ or Q690 $f_y{\geq}690MPa$) in eccentrically braced frames with high strength steel combination (HSS-EBFs). The application of high strength steels brings out many advantages, including higher safety ensured by higher strength in elastic state, better economy which results from the smaller member size and structural weight as well as the corresponding welding work, and most importantly, the application of high strength steel in seismic fortification zone, which is helpful to popularize the extensive use of high strength steel. In order to comparison seismic behavior between HSS-EBFs and ordinary EBFs, on the basis of experimental study, four structures with 5, 10, 15 and 20 stories were designed by PBSD method for HSS-EBFs and ordinary EBFs. Nonlinear static and dynamic analysis is applied to all designs. The loading capacity, lateral stiffness, ductility and story drifts and failure mode under rare earthquake of the designs are compared. Analyses results indicated that HSS-EBFs have similar loading capacity with ordinary EBFs while the lateral stiffness and ductility of HSS-EBFs is lower than that of EBFs. HSS-EBFs and ordinary EBFs designed by PBSD method have the similar failure mode and story drift distribution under rare earthquake, the steel weight of HSS-EBFs is 10%-15% lower than ordinary EBFs resulting in good economic efficiency.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1349-1354
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• 2013

Twenty two new 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivatives, 2-butoxy-4-substituted 5-fluoropyrimidines, were synthesized and characterized by IR, $^1H$ NMR, MS, HRMS. All compounds were preliminarily evaluated by MTT assay on human liver BEL-7402 cancer cell line in vitro. Ten compounds were selected to test their cytotoxic activity against A549, HL-60 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines in vitro. These compounds were more sensitive to BEL-7402 than other cell lines, particularly, cytotoxic activity of compounds 6b, 6d-f, 6p, 6s-u were in sub-micromolar scale. The highest cytotoxic potency against A549, HL-60 and MCF-7 was shown by 2-butoxy-4-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidine (5) with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.10, 1.66 and $0.59{\mu}M$, respectively. Compounds 6d and 6e were effective against MCF-7 with $IC_{50}$ $9.73{\mu}M$ and HL-60 with $IC_{50}$ $8.83{\mu}M$, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.598-608
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• 2019

Endophytic fungi have received much attention as plant growth promoters as well as biological control agents against many plant pathogens. In this study, 30 endophytic fungal species, isolated from various plants in China, were evaluated using in vitro dual culture assay against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, causing wilt in cucumber. The results of the present study clearly showed that all the 30 endophytic fungal isolates were highly capable of inhibiting the mycelial colony growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum with inhibition % over 66% as compared to control treatments. Among all of them, 5 isolates were highly effective such as, Penicillium sp., Guignardia mangiferae, Hypocrea sp., Neurospora sp., Eupenicillium javanicum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, respectively. The Penicillium sp. and Hypocrea sp. were highly effective as compared to other isolates. From in vitro results 10 best isolates were selected for greenhouse studies. The results of the greenhouse studies showed that among all of them 3 endophytic fungal isolates successfully suppressed wilt severity when co-inoculation with pathogen Fusarium. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. The endophytic fungi also enhanced plant growth parameters of the host plants, the antagonistic fungal isolates increased over all plant height, aerial fresh, and dry weight as compared to control.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2023

In this study, five endophytic fungi belonging to the Aspergillus and Alternaria genera were isolated from Lagopsis supina. The antimicrobial activity of all fungal fermented extracts against Staphylococcus and Fusarium graminearum was tested using the cup-plate method. Among them, Aspergillus ochraceus XZC-1 showed the best activity and was subsequently selected for large-scale fermentation and bioactivity-directed separation of the secondary metabolites. Four compounds, including 2-methoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (1), 3,5-dihydroxytoluene (2), oleic acid (3), and penicillic acid (4) were discovered. Here, compounds 1 and 4 displayed anti-fungal activity against F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. stratum, Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahlia with diverse MIC values (128-512 ㎍/ml), which were close to that of the positive control antifungal, actidione (64-128 ㎍/ml). Additionally, compounds 1 and 4 also exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, with low MIC values (8-64 ㎍/ml). Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 displayed selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines as compared with the normal fibroblast cells. Therefore, this study proposes that the endophytic fungi from L. supina can potentially produce bioactive molecules to be used as lead compounds in drugs or agricultural antibiotics.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effects of acupressure on pruritus and sleep among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: The study design was a nonequivalent control group repeat measures quasiexperimental study. Data were collected from June to September 2015 in the kidney center at a hospital located in B city. Participants were 42 patients; 20 in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. For the experimental group, acupressure on the spots of Sameumgyo (SP6), Zoksamli (ST36), Hyolhae (SP10), and Gokji (LI11) was provided at the time of hemodialysis three times a week for 12 weeks. The numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to measure pruritus, and sleep was measured with the sleep scale developed by Jinju Oh et al. Results: There was a significant decrease in pruritus (F=7.80, p=.008) and increase in sleep (F=80.90, p<.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings confirmed in the study show that acupressure is an effective nursing intervention to decrease pruritus felt by patients on hemodialysis and to increase the quality of their sleep.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1475-1482
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• 2011

New spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (SBFF)-based blue host materials, 9-phenyl-SBFF (BH-4P) and 5,9-diphenyl-SBFF (BH-6DP), were successfully prepared by spiro-formation of 9-phenyl-7H-benzo[c]fluoren-7-one with 2-bromobiphenyl via lithiation and reaction of 5,9-dibromo-SBFF with phenylboronic acid through the Suzuki reaction, respectively. Diphenyl-[4-(2-[1,1;4,1]terphenyl-4-yl-vinyl)-phenyl]-amine (BD-1) and N,N-diphenyl-N',N'-diphenyl-SBFF-5,9-diamine (BD-6DPA) were used as dopant materials. Blue OLEDs with the configuration ITO/N,N'-bis-[4-(di-m-tolylamino)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (DNTPD)/bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl]benzidine (NPB)/host:5% dopant/SFC-137/Al-LiF were prepared from the two host materials doped with BD-1 and BD-6DPA dopants and the devices composed of BH-4P and BH-6DP doped with BD-6DPA showed blue EL spectra at 458 and 463 nm at 7 V and luminance efficiencies of 4.58 and 4.88 cd/A, respectively.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1995

고에너지 (6-15MV) 광자선속으로 치료할때 LiF(TLD-100) 결정은 solid water phantom 이나 환자의 피부 표면에서의 흡수선량을 측정하기 위해 열자극 발광 선량계(이하 NC-100)가 주로 사용된다. 통상 NC-100은 가열 과정을 여러회 반복하면 그 감도가 줄어드는 것으로 조사되었다. NC-100 위에 입사 광자선속 방향으로 올려놓은 140$\mu\textrm{m}$ 두께의 금박막(이하 GC-100)은 NC-100 과 다른 성질을 갖는다. 즉, 광자선속에서 GC-100 은 금박막에서 주로 쌍생성이 일어나고 부분적으로 Compton 산란이 일어나 많은 양전자와 음전자를 만들어 낸다. 그 결과 TLD-100 결정은 증가된 신호를 갖고(최대 100% 증가), 흡수 선량당 높은 반응도가 좋은 선형도를 갖으며, 선량물에 무관할 뿐만 아니라 Fluctuation error 도 $\pm$0.5% 미만으로 낮게 측정되었다. GC-100 은 주로 쌍생성이 일어나기 때문에 전자선보다 광자선에서 더욱 감도가 좋은것으로 나타난다. 그것은 금과같이 원자번호가 높은 매질에서 광자선에 의한 쌍생성의 확률이 큰것에 기인한다. 치료용 고에너지 광자선속에서 TLD-100 chip 위에 올려진 금박막은 TLD 의 신호를 크게 증가시키는 역할을 하는것으로 나타났다.