• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.785-792
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• 2005

본 연구는 굵은골재의 입형불량과 잔골재의 조립률 저하가 초유동콘크리트의 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토한 것이다. 이론 위해 잔골재 조립률을 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5로 변화시키고 굵은골재는 입형개선전$\cdot$후 골재를 사용하여 초유동콘크리트의 유동검 및 충전성능을 검토하였다. 또한 골재입자의 분산거리를 상대비교 함으로써 잔골재의 조립률 및 굵은골재의 입형이 골재입자의 분산거리에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 실험 결과 굵은골재와 잔골재 혼합시의 최소공극률은 골재 입형개선 유무에 관계없이 잔골재 조립률 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 3.5 순으로 나타나 조립률 KS 규정 값 $2.3\~3.1$보다 작거나 클 경우 공극률을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 굵은골재의 입형은 구형율 0.69의 원반상에서 구형율 0.78의 구상으로 개선할 경우 최소공극률을 나타내는 잔골재율을 $47\%$에서 $41\%$로 $6\%$ 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 잔골재 조립률에 따른 28일 압축강도 특성은 조립률 2.0에서 2.5, 3.0으로 증가할수록 약 3MPa씩 증가하였으나, 조립률 3.5에서는 3.0에 비해 약 9MPa 정도 감소하였다. 또한 굵은골재의 입형개선과 잔골재 조립률의 증가는 유동성, 충전성 및 V로드 상대유하시간을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 잔골재 조립률은 KS 규정 값 $2.3\~3.1$을 만족하는 범위내에서 높은 값을 사용하는 것이 페이스트 용적비를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권4호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2010

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate recently developed real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay kit to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in respiratory specimens. Methods: We assessed the positive rate of the real-time PCR assay to detect MTB and NTM in 87 culture-positive specimens (37 sputum, 50 bronchial washing), which were performed real-time PCR by using $Real-Q_{TM}$ MTB&NTM Kit from January 2009 to June 2009, at Gyeongsang University Hospital. To compare the efficacy with the TB-PCR assay, we evaluated 63 culture-positive specimens (19 sputum, 44 bronchial washing) for MTB or NTM, which were performed TB-PCR by using ABSOLUTETM MTB II PCR Kit from March 2008 to August 2008. Results: Among 87 specimens tested using real-time PCR, MTB and NTM were cultured in 58 and 29, respectively. The positive rate of real-time PCR assay to detect MTB was 71% (22/31) and 92.6% (25/27) in AFB stain-negative and stain-positive specimens. For NTM, the positive rate of real-time PCR was 11.1% (2/18) and 72.7% (8/11) in AFB stain-negative and stain-positive specimens. Among 63 specimens performed using TB-PCR, MTB and NTM were cultured in 46 and 17, respectively. The positive rate of TB-PCR was 61.7% (21/34) and 100% (12/12) in AFB stain-negative and stain-positive specimens. TB-PCR was negative in all NTM-cultured 17 specimens. Conclusion: TB/NTM real-time PCR assay is useful to differentiate MTB and NTM in AFB stain-positive respiratory specimens and it is as effective in detecting MTB with TB-PCR.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 protease를 함유하고 있는 파인애플의 산업적 이용 증대 및 기능성식품 소재 개발을 목적으로 분무건조공정을 이용하여 파인애플 착즙액을 미세캡슐화 하였으며 미세캡슐 분말의 물리화학적 특성 및 protease 활성을 조사하였다. 파인애플 착즙액의 pH, 당도 및 protease 활성은 각각 pH 5.43, 12.80 및 4.82 unit/mL이었다. Protease 활성에 대한 최적 pH 및 온도는 각각 pH 7.0 및 $50^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높게 분석되었다. 파인애플 착즙액의 미세캡슐분말 제조는 말토덱스트린 및 알긴산을 피복물질로 사용하여 분무건조하였으며, 수분함량은 3.02~3.75%였다. 색도는 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말이 동결건조 분말에 비하여 L값 및 a값은 낮고 b값은 높은 경향을 나타내었는데 특히 말토덱스트린에 알긴산 3% 첨가시 선명한 노란색을 보여주었다. 입자크기는 동결건조 분말($501.57{\mu}m$)에 비하여 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말이 $42.58{\sim}53.32{\mu}m$로 유의적으로 작고 균일한 크기였으며, 입자모양은 전반적으로 구형의 형태를 보여주어 분말 흐름성이 양호할 것으로 판단되었다. 수분흡수지수는 말토덱스트린에 알긴산을 3% 첨가한 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말에서 0.41로 가장 낮은 지수를 나타내었으며 수분용해지수는 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말에서 98.22~99.76%로 나타나 동결건조 분말보다 우수하였다. 미세캡슐 분말의 protease 활성은 동결건조 분말(1,297.47 unit/g)이 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말(633.51~692.08 unit/g)보다 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었으나, in vitro 인체 내 소화모델에 대한 protease 활성의 안정성은 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말에서만 g당 23.70~100.83 unit의 효소 활성이 나타나 위액과 장액의 pH 환경에서 안정성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 피복물질로 말토덱스트린 및 알긴산을 첨가하여 분무건조시 식품산업 활용 측면에서 가공적성이 향상된 미세캡슐 분말의 제조가 가능하고in vitro 인체 내 소화모델에 대한 protease 활성의 안정성이 우수하여 기능성 식품 소재 개발에 있어 산업적으로 적용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.69-80
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• 1998

가시아메바 (Aconthamoeba) 속의 종 동정과 분류 체계를 확립하기 위해 18종의 대표주를 포함 한23분리주들의 185rRNA 유전자를 PCR로 증폭하고, RFLP를 비교 분석하는 riboprinting을 시행하였다. 이에 근거한 dendrogram은 형태학적 일 grouping과 잘 부합하였다. 형태학적 제1군에 속 한 별가시아메바와 A.tubiahi는 형태학적 제2군 및 제3군의 분리주들로부터 가장 먼저 분지해 나왔으며, 서로간에도 매우 큰 유전적 거리를 나타내었다. 형태학적 제3군의 4분리주 중 A. cuLbertsonj A. hedvi 및 A.pulesti 는neAfsis는 서로간에 큰 유전적 거리를 나타내어 합당한 분류로 인정할 수 있었으나, A. Ppustulosa는 A. pqlestinenis와 유전적으로 매우 가깝게 나타나 A. pdestinensis로 재동정되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 형태학적 제2군의 분리주들은 0.2%의 유전 적 거리를 기준으로 하여 6개의 분지군으로 나누어졌다. 그 중 18S rRNA 유전자 내에 intron을 포함하고 있는 A. griffini가 나머지 분리주들과 가장 큰 유전적 거리를 나타내었다. 카스텔라니가시 아메바 Castellani주, Ma주, A. quplnvi13주, 담수가시아메바 L3a주, 대식가시아메바 Jones주 및 A. triangdris SH621주가 하나의 분지군을 형성하였으며, 그 중 A. quina Vil3와 담수가시아메바 L3a주는 카스텔라니가시아메바로 재동정되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. Chang주는 A. hntchetti로, A. mcuritaniensis, A. divionensis와 A. puraAivionenis는 A. rhysodes로 재동정되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. Neff주는 카스텔라니가시아메바보다는 대식가시아메바와 유전적으로 훨씬 가까웠다. Riboprinting은 임상 및 환경에서 분리되는 가시아메바 분리주의 빠른 동정에도 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2011

본 연구는 시중에 유통 중인 국내산 건조-숙성햄 중 숙성기간이 24개월된 다리육(T1)과 4개월 된 목살(T2)의 성분 특성 및 이화학적 특성, 지방산, 유리 아미노산 및 관능적 특성을 비교 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 수분 함량은 T1 (45.24%)이 T2 (32.50%) 보다 유의적으로 높았으나(p<0.05), 지방 함량은 T2 (26.42%)가 T1(16.46%) 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 콜레스테롤 함량은 T1이 69.47 mg/100g, T2가 54.80 mg/100g으로 T1이 T2 보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 하지만, 처리구간 염농도, 염용성 단백질, 보수력 및 pH의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 전단력은 T1이 T2 보다 낮았으며(p<0.05), 지방산패도인 TBARS는 T2가 3.25 mgMA/kg로 T1의 0.39 mgMA/kg 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났고(p<0.05), VBN은 T1이 134.65 mg/100 g로 T2의 47.25 mg/100 g 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 미생물의 경우, 모든 시험구에서 대장균 군 및 대장균은 검출되지 않았으며, T1 및 T2의 유산균수은 각각 4.31, 3.57 log CFU/g로 T1이 T2 보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 적색도는 T2가 T1 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났고(p<0.05), 황색도는 6.41~7.24 수준으로 시험구간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 지방산의 경우, Palmitoleic acid 및 stearic acid의 함량이 T2가 T1 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), oleic acid, linoleic acid 및 단가 불포화지방산은 T1이 T2 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 유리아미노산의 경우, T1이 T2 보다 유리아미노산의 총량이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), T1이 T2 보다 asparagine, leucine 및 phenylalanine의 함량이 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과 숙성 기간이 상대적으로 많은 T1의 연도, 단백질 변성도, 유산균수 및 유리아미노산 총량이 T2 보다 높게 나타났으나, 지방산화도는 낮게 나타나 장기간의 숙성 제품이 오히려 단기간 숙성 제품보다 낮았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

Momordica charantia L. is a valuable food and medicinal plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physicochemical properties of M. charantia based on cultivars, parts and growing stage were investigated. Crude protein contents of leaf were 27.5%, 26.9%, and 23.6% in native leaf (NL), cv. Erabu leaf (EL), and cv. Dragon leaf (DL), respectively. In particular, the crude protein content was the highest in leaves. The crude fat content was in the order of developmental stage 1 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF1) and developmental stage 1 of native fruit (NF1) with values of 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. There was also high amount of crude fiber in stem of all three cultivars. The crude ash content was in the order of cv. Erabu leaf, cv. Dragon leaf, and developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3) with values of 23.2%, 17.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. The major minerals found in M. charantia were K, Ca, and Mg. The potassium contents of developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3), developmental stage 3 of cv. Dragon fruit (DF3), cv. Dragon stem (DS), and developmental stage 2 of native fruit (NF2) were 498.37, 339.21, 314.30, and 307.34 ㎎ /100g, respectively, while the calcium contents were decreased of EL, DL, and NL with values of 513.45, 371.69, and 209.43 ㎎/100g, respectively. The calcium content was higher in leaves and stems than fruits. On the otherhand, the highest magnesium content was measured in EL (69.92 ㎎/100g). The highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were found in NL (442.9 ㎎/100g dw), EL (759.6 ㎎/100g dw), and EL (1164.9 ㎎/100g dw), respectively. The vitamin C contents from developmental stage 2 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF2), NF3, developmental stage 3 of cv. Erabu on fruit (EF3), and NF2 were found with values of 2849.9, 2330.5, 1985.1, and 1844.5 ㎎/㎏, respectively, and found to be higher in Korean cultivar and Erabu fruit than in Dragon. The charantin contents of leaf were higher than the fruit found to be 547.71, 506.04 and 395.62 ㎍/g dw in DL, EL and EF2, respectively. According to the results, mineral contents, total chlorophyll and charantin contents of M. charantia were higher in the leaves (EL and DL) than the fruits. And, vitamin C content was the highest in the fruit (EF2 and EF3). Therefore, much more research needs to be undertaken to use of the leaves as well as fruits. The data showed that M. charantia can be considered a good source of nutrient for application in food system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9635-9641
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• 2014

Background: This retrospective study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic agents in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving TACE and compare the difference between lamivudine and entecavir. Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of 203 HBV-related HCC patients receiving TACE were analyzed including 91 patients given prophylactic agents. Virologic events, defined as an increase in serum HBV DNA level to more than 1 log10 IU/ml higher than the nadir level, hepatitis flares due to HBV reactivation and progression free survival (PFS) were the main endpoints. Results: Some 48 (69.6%) reached virologic response. Prophylaxis significantly reduced virologic events (8.8% vs 58.0%, p=0.000) and hepatitis flares (1.1% vs 13.4%, p=0.001). Patients presenting undetectable HBV DNA levels displayed a significantly improved PFS as compared to those who never achieved undetectable HBV DNA. Prophylaxis and e-antigen positivity were the only significant variables associated with virologic events. In addition, prophylaxis was the only independent protective factor for hepatitis flares. Liver cirrhosis, more cycles of TACE, HBV DNA negativity, a lower Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score, non-metastasis and no hepatitis flares were protective factors for PFS. Prophylactic lamivudine demonstrated similar efficacy as entecavir. Conclusions: Prophylactic agents are efficacious for prevention of HBV reactivation in HCC patients receiving TACE. Achievement of undetectable HBV DNA levels displayed a significant capability in improving PFS. Moreover, persistent tumor residual lesions, positive HBV DNA and hepatitis B flares might be causes of tumor progression in these patients.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-66
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was primarily to determine the relationship between temporomandibular joint mobility and generalized benign joint hypermobility. The subjects were 85 men and 76 women, who were students of dental and dental hygiene schools, aged 18 to 30 years old. They had no disturbances or complaints of movement of temporomandibular joints and other joints in the body. The joint mobility was measured by a test which is a modification of a method developed originally by Carter and Wilkinson (1964). The mandibular mobility was measured during active and passive maximal opening, laterotrusion, protrusion, and retrusion by Ingervall's method (1970). The obtained results were as follows: 1. The distribution of joint hypermobility disclosed was 4.8% in men and 19.7% in women, and 11.8% of total subjects. 2. The joint mobility index was a mean of 0.37 for men and 0.51 for women in total subjects, and 0.80 for men and 0.73 for women in hypermobile subjects. 3. The angle of passive dorsiflexion of the little finger was greater in the left than in the right hand for both sexes and in hypermobile subjects than in total subjects. 4. There was a positive correlation between the joint mobility index and the angle of passive dorsiflexion of the little finger in total subjects. 5. The joint mobility was greater in women than in men, and in the left than in the right hand. 6. In the active maximal mandibular movements of total subjects, the mean values for the opening capacity was 56.01 mm and 52.04mm, the laterotrusion mean 8.07 and 8.08, the protrusion mean 8.72 and 8.24, and the retrusion mean 0.48 and 0.49 for men and women respectively. 7. In the passive maximal mandibular movements of total subjects, the mean values for the opening capacity was 59.07mm and 54.85mm, the laterotrusion mean 8.90 and 9.12, the protrusion mean 10.03 and 10.00, and the retrusion mean 0.69 and 0.72 in men and women respectively. The active and passive maximal opening capacity was larger in men than in women but in the other movements there were no significant differences between men and women. 8. The range of active and passive maximal mandibular movements of hypermobile subjects tended to be larger in men but no significant difference in women compared with that of total subjects. 9. The range of maximal mandibular movements was increased more in passive than in active.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2006

Purpose:Maxillay sinus grafting is an effective treatment procedure to improve bone height in the posterior maxillar area for implant installation. Beta-tricalciumphosphate(${\beta}$-TCP) was introduced to be grafting substitute material, providing a reasonable bio-degradation time, no need for harvesting procedure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate bone healing & regeneration phase using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. Material & Methods:Sixteen rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Bi-lateral maxillary sinus membranes were elevated at each rabbits, ${\beta}$-TCP was augmented in left sinus, autogenous bone was augmented in right sinus. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. We investigated the bone regeneration & growth factor expression. Results: 1. The mean new bone volume formation was 28.99${\pm}$6.55%, 49.54${\pm}$5.47%, 69.09${\pm}$8.90% in autogenous grafted area, and 22.86${\pm}$5.56%, 24.00${\pm}$4.09%, 34.11${\pm}$3.37% in ${\beta}$-TCP area at 4, 8, 12 weeks. Therefore, new bone formation in autogenous bone was significantly higher than ${\beta}$-TCP (p<0.05). 2. The BMP 2/4 expression in autogenous bone grafted area was higher at 4, 8 weeks. 3. There was no difference in expression pattern of BMP-7/PDGF/VEGF during grafted bone regeneration. Conclusion:The authors we conclude that the autogenous bone graft was faster than ${\beta}$-TCP in bone regeneration, and the BMP 2/4 were more important in graft bone regeneration.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate effects of Fibular Repositioning Taping (FRT) on lower extremity joint stiffness and angle during drop-landing. Method: Twenty-eight participants (14 healthy, 14 with chronic ankle instability [CAI]) performed drop-landings from a 60 cm box; three were performed prior to tape application and three were performed post-FRT. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected using an infrared optical camera system (Vicon Motion Systems Ltd. Oxford, UK) and force-plate (AMTI, Watertown, MA). Joint stiffness and sagittal angle of the ankle, knee, and hip were analyzed. Results: The hip [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 29.43 ± 11.27 (pre), 33.04 ± 12.03 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 31.45 ± 9.70 (pre), 32.29 ± 9.85 (post)] and knee [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 53.44 ± 8.09 (pre), 55.13 ± 8.36 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 53.12 ± 8.35 (pre), 55.55 ± 9.81 (post)] joints demonstrated significant increases in sagittal angle after FRT. A significant decrease in joint angle was found at the ankle [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 56.10 ± 3.71 (pre), 54.09 ± 4.31 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 52.80 ± 6.04 (pre), 49.86 ± 10.08 (post)]. A significant decrease in hip [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 1549.16 ± 517.53 (pre), 1272.48 ± 646.73 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 1300.42 ± 595.55 (pre), 1158.27 ± 550.58 (post)] and knee [Healthy: p<.05; M ± SD: 270.12 ± 54.07 (pre), 239.13 ± 64.70 (post); CAI: p<.05; M ± SD: 241.58 ± 93.48 (pre), 214.63 ± 101.00 (post)] joint stiffness was found post-FRT application, while no difference was found at the ankle [Healthy: p>.05; M ± SD: 57.29 ± 17.04 (pre), 59.37 ± 18.30 (post); CAI: p>.05; M ± SD: 69.15 ± 17.63 (pre), 77.24 ± 35.05 (post)]. Conclusion FRT application decreased joint angle at the ankle without altering ankle joint stiffness. In contrast, decreased joint stiffness and increased joint angle was found at the hip and knee following FRT. Thus, participants utilize an altered shock absorption mechanism during drop-landings following FRT. When compared to previous research, the joint kinematics and stiffness of the lower extremity appear to be different following FRT versus traditional ankle taping.