• 영재교육연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.829-845
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• 2011

본 연구는 초등 수학영재의 수학적 수행능력에 대한 교사 및 부모 평정의 예측력을 조사하였다. 수학적 수행능력을 조사하기 위해, A 광역시 소재 영재교육원에 재원 중인 초등 수학영재(n=787)를 대상으로 수학적 수행능력 검사를 실시하고, 영재교사 및 부모에게 영재아 행동 평정 척도(SRBCSS-R, Renzulli et al., 2002, 2009)를 의뢰하였다. 연구 결과, 수학영재의 학년 수준 그리고 영재의 성에 따라 교사의 영재행동 평정에서 차이가 나타났다. 한편 부모의 영재행동 평정은 수학영재의 학년수준에서만 차이가 나타나, 부모는 5학년 수학영재의 '학습특징'과 '동기 특징'을 6학년 수학영재보다 높게 평정하였다. 영재교사와 부모에 의한 수학영재의 영재행동 평정을 비교하였을 때, 영재교사가 부모보다 '수학적 특징'을 제외하고 '학습특징'과 '동기 특징'을 유의하게 높게 평정하였다. 마지막으로 수학영재의 수학적 수행능력에 대한 영재교사와 부모에 의한 영재행동 평정의 예측력을 조사하였을 때, 영재교사에 의한 '학습 특징' 그리고 '수학적 특징'에 대한 평정만 통계적으로 유의한 예측력이 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 영재교육 대상자 선발과 관련하여 교사 및 부모에 의한 관찰 및 추천의 현장 활용 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.946-958
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 학생들이 과학에 대하여 긍정적인 태도를 갖게 하는 요인을 조사하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 과학에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 신장시키기 위한 방안을 탐색하였다. 과학에 대한 태도, 과학을 좋아하는 이유, 과학을 싫어하는 이유 등에 관한 초등학교 5학년, 중학교 1학년, 고등 학교 1학년 학생 총 1,000명의 응답 결과를 분석하였다. 과학에 대한 태도 조사 결과, 학생들의 과학에 대한 태도가 긍정적인 것으로 나타났는데, 초등학생이나 중학생보다는 고등학생이, 남학생보다는 여학생이 과학에 대하여 상대적으로 덜 긍정적인 태도를 가지고 있었다. 학생들이 과학을 좋아하는 주된 이유는 실험 때문인 것으로 나타났고, 과학을 싫어하는 주된 이유는 과학 수업 방법 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 학생들은 실험하는 것과 실험 기구를 직접 다루는 것이 재미있기 때문에 과학을 좋아하는 반면에, 수업 시간의 활동, 수업 매체, 교과서, 과학 교사 등이 원인이 되어 과학을 싫어하는 경향이 있었다. 과학에 대한 태도에 영향을 미치는 요인의 상대적인 영향력을 조사한 결과, 과학 과목의 내용 및 특성은 과학을 좋아하게 하는 주된 요인인 반면에 과학 수업 방법은 과학을 싫어하게 하는 주된 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 실험은 과학을 좋아하게 하는 요인이 되기도 하고 싫어하는 요인이 되기도 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 과학에 대한 학생의 흥미도에 따라 차별화된 방안을 적용하는 것이 과학에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 신장시키는 효과적인 방법임을 시사한다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권5호특별호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2005

Dimensions of learning, based on the vast studies on teaming psychology and teaming processes, have been played an important role as one of the frameworks of curriculum and teaming strategies. Dimensions of Learning consist of 5 Dimensions, each of 'Attitudes and Perceptions', 'Acquire and Integrate Knowledge', 'Extend and Refine Knowledge', 'Use Knowledge Meaningfully', 'Habits of Mind'. And each dimension has $3\~8$ lower categories in itself, The elementary 5th grade science lesson emphasizing upon Dimensions of Learning was developed in this study. The lessons dealt with almost every lower categories of Dimensions of learning. We analysed students' scientific attitude and scientific achievement quantitatively after the lesson emphasized upon Dimensions of Learning in comparison with typical lesson laying stress on teachers' guides. The results are as follows; Students' scientific attitude was significantly changed after the lesson emphasized upon Dimensions of Learning. The willingness, positiveness, straightforwardness, and openness of lower categories of students' scientific attitude were more significantly changed especially. But students' scientific achievement was not significantly changed after the lesson emphasized upon Dimensions of Learning.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1985

It is apparent to anyone who has taught science in secondary. schools that a substantial percentage of students find the subject difficult: What is the cause of difficulty? There is season to believe that part of this difficulty is associated with students' intellectual development as deserifed by Piaget. To investigate the difficulty students face with learning science in the light of Piagetian developmental theory, the stages of the intellectual development of the secondary school student s were assessed in this study using the instrument called Group Assessment of Logical Think ing (GALT). The results of this study showed that more than 60% of 7th and 8th grade students were Classified as concrete operational level. It was also found that only 20% of the students from 9th through 11th grade were formal operational stage, while about 40% of them were still at concrete operational stage. This study showed that. there was a significant main effect on the intellectual development of the students by grade. However, it showed that at 0.5 level of significance there was no main effect by sex although mean scores of male on the assessment were higher than those of female.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권5호특별호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2005

The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the degree of difficulty and the causes of the difficulties in science instruction reported by elementary teachers and students. The secondary purpose was to suggest the effective methods to both of them to improve the efficiency of science instruction. For this study, the survey was carried out on 322 students and 156 teachers in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. The questionnaires consisted of interest, difficulty and its factors. The results of this investigation are summarized as follows; 1. Teachers had relatively higher interest than students in science instruction content(textbook). Furthermore, the units that teachers showed interest differed from those that students had. This means that there is a significant difference of interest in instruction process between teachers and students. 2. Teachers felt much higher difficulty than students in the content of science instruction. This shows that the degree of interest might have little relation with that of difficulty, and that teaching of science seemed more difficult than teaming. Moreover, there was a difference of difficulty in the units between the teachers and students. The result shows a distinctive difference of difficulty in 8 units of the 3rd grade, 9 units n the 4th grade, and 12 units in the 5th grade (p<.05, p<.001, p<.005, respectively). It means that the difficulty depended on the units. 3. Students responded that they are responsible for difficulty factors of teaming, otherwise teachers thought that students are responsible for it, when the factors were divided into student factor, teacher factor, and curriculum factor. 4. Students demanded many experiments in the lab as well as easy and interesting instructions in order to reduce the degree of difficulty and to improve the condition of science instructions. However, teachers demanded the expansion of experimental equipments and materials as well as the improvement of the lab condition.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.167-185
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• 2000

The goal of this research was to provide the basic data of sexual education for late schooler by finding out what they want to know about sex, or to see, if any, its relevancy between female and male students and between each grade. The sample for this research was a total of 453 students in 4th, 5th and 6th grade from 12 different classes at two elementary schools which were located in C city and in B province. The children were requested to write down three points on what they want to know or to learn most about sex, and their answers were put through two analytical stages in order to classify and to examine. The followings are the conclusions from the data. 1. The female cluster took 44.2% out of the whole sample, and there were 151 students per each grade. The specific girl ratios for each grade were 42.4%, 50.3% and 39.7% respectively. 2. It was noted that a total of 1,195 questions were gathered from the students writings, 45% of the questions was raised by the female students. The 4th grade students raised 432questions (43.8% by the girl) while the 5th. and the 6th grade students raised 387 (53.2% by the girl) and 376 questions (42.3% by the girl) respectively. The average number of questions per students was 2.6 while the female students raised 2.8 questions which was more than the average 2.5 questions by male students. It was the 4th grade female student cluster, which raised the most question (3.0) while the 6th grade male students raised the least question (2.4) in average. 3. The questions raised by the children could be divided into seven categories of the knowledge need on sex. They were Reproduction (310 questions, 25.9%), Sexual Culture (230, 19.2%), Concept of sex (125, 18.0%), Changes of Puberty (172, 14.4%), Sexual Health (119, 10.0%), Anatomy and Physiology of Reproductive System (78, 6.5%) and Sexual Tendency and behavior (71, 5.9%). 4. 'Reproduction' was the most frequently raised questions not only by both sex groups but also by the 5th grade students. Both sexes in the 4th grade showed the highest interest in Sexual Culture while it was Changes in Puberty for the both sexes in the 6th grade. The knowledge need on sex of the children indicated what they understand sexuality. They apprehended sex as sex, gender and sexuality in an inclusive way. They showed a major interest in the biological sex and the sexual activities. It seems that the children managed to understand clearly the meaning of gender, furthermore, they even pointed out that the streotyped sex role, patrimonial system and the sexual discrimination were unreasonable. The students possessed not only the least but also the most negative understanding in regard of sexuality. Two suggestions were made from the above conclusions for the practical sex education as well as its research. 1. For the practice: The sex education for the elementary upper grade school student should be relevant with their cognitive characteristics, also it should be more specific on the reproductive organs of both sexes, the actual scenes of the pregnancy and child delivery procedures. The gender concept should be added to the biological sex education, which will lead them to understand the unreasonableness of today's male-superior phenomenon and correct them. It is also necessary to develop educational programs for this age group so as to help them to understand sex in the sense of sexuality as well. 2. For the research: It is not easy to draw out a through conclusion since this study was carried out as one-time data collection. Yet it is undeniably helpful for the sex education if we can understand what the children want to know about sex, how much they know about it by conducting deep-interview researches through a small number of sample.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the preferences for seafood in school lunch menus among elementary school students in Gyeonggi-do. A survey was carried out on 303 male/female elementary school students. As for the preferences for seafood in school lunch menus, 'like (47.2%)', 'fair (30.7%)', and 'dislike (22.1%)' were observed in that order (p<0.01). Concerning the appropriateness of seafood serving frequency, '1~2/week (44.9%)', '3~4/week (33.7%)', and 'everyday (10.2%)' were observed in that order. When the preference of favorite seafood was evaluated using a Likert scale (strongly like 5-points, strongly dislike 1-point), 'crustacea (4.34)', 'mollusk (4.21)', and 'processed food (4.11)' were observed in that order. In terms of cooking methods for seafood, 5th grade students showed higher frequency of 'grilling' and 'frying' seafood compared to others (p<0.05). As for the occurrence of seafood leftovers, 4th and 6th grade students showed higher frequency of 'sometimes' than 5th grade students (p<0.001). As for certain desires for seafood in school lunch menus, 'improvement of taste (39.3%)', 'various kinds of seafood (20.1%)', and 'variable cooking methods (18.5%)' were observed in that order. Therefore, in order to increase the intake of seafood, students should attempt to achieve proper intake though nutrition education.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2009

Purpose: This study is to identify the relations between alexithymia, emotional clarification, emotional expressiveness and somatic symptoms, and their effect on the elementary school students. Methods: This study targets 567 elementary school students and they are composed of 288 boy students and 279 girl students in 5th and 6th grade, and 283 in the 5th grade and 284 in the 6th grade. Results: In somatic symptoms, alexithymia, emotional clarification, and emotional expressivness, a significant difference is found. For the somatic symptoms and alexithymia, the subject in grade 5 show higher score than those in grade 6. For the emotional clarification, and emotional expressivness, the subjects in grade 5 show higher scores than those of grade 6. According to sex, only in emotional clarification, a significant difference is found between boys and girls and the girls show higher score that the boys. In looking at the correlations between alexithymia, emotional clarification and somatic symptoms, the somatic symptoms has positive correlations with alexithymia while it has negative correlations with emotional expressiveness. The alexithymia has negative correlations with emotional clarification and emotional expressiveness. It is found that the emotional clarification has positive correlations with emotional expressiveness. Conclusion: In respect to the effect of alexithymia, emotional clarification and emotional expressiveness on somatic symptoms, emotional alexithymia and emotional clarification have effect on somatic symptoms and emotional expressiveness has no effect on somatic symptoms.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1999

The most of elementary school science textbook contents are composed of observation and experiment activities. When students study natural phenomena, observation and experiment are st rongly emphasized to improve understanding of scientific concepts and inquiry abilities. The purpose of this study is deep understanding about experimental science classes. This ethnographic study is conducted by observations of experimental science classes in natural setting and interviews of teachers, students of the 5th grade. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, the general process of the elementary science experimental classes is 'identifying learning purposes -1 planning experiments -1 predicting the results -1 experimenting-t summarizing the results.' The experiments are conducted by group activities and the teachers conceived that the me st difficult step considered by students is 'planning experiments'. Second, students like hands-on activities, but they feel difficulty on less guided experiments. Students perform results oriented-activities. Third, in group activities, students prefer to work with the same gender or collaborative peers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effects of a safety education injury prevention program in elementary school students. Methods: To develop the safety education program, Dick & Carey's teaching model and Keller's ARCS theory were applied. A safety education programs was developed for lower grade students (1st-3rd) and for higher grade students (4th-6th). To evaluate the effect of the safety education program, a pre-post test questionnaire was used with experimental and control groups. The participants were 238 (119 in the experimental group, 119 in the control group) lower (3th) grade and 296 (148 in the experimental group, 148 in the control group) higher (5th) grade elementary school students. For students in each experimental group, safety education was provided for 40 min once a week for 10 weeks. Results: There were significant differences in the level of injury prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice between the experimental group and control group in both the lower and higher grade elementary students. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that safety education is an effective nursing intervention to improve injury prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice in elementary school students.