• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.391-396
• /
• 1998

To inhibit the import of hot sauce, the manufacturing process of the Korean type hot sauce was developed. Chemical analysis of the imported hot sauce showed as follows; moisture 95.66% (w/w), salt 2.79% (w/w), titratable acidity 3.62% (w/w), crude fiber 0.42% (w/w), reducing sugar 0.03% (w/w), capsanthin 0.89% (w/w), capsaicin 4.28 mg% and pH 3.26. Korean type hot sauce prepared with red pepper, salt and vinegar was aged in oak barrel for 12 months at $10^{\circ}C$. Chemical analysis of the Korean type hot sauce showed as follows; moisture 92.05% (w/w), salt 8.82% (w/w), titratable acidity 3.88% (w/w), crude fiber 3.14% (w/w), reducing sugar 1.78% (w/w), capsanthin 0.13% (w/w), capsaicin 2.32 mg% and pH 3.29. Among chemical components, the contents of reducing sugar, salt and crude fiber except capsaicin and capsanthin were more than those of imported one. Chemical components of the Korean type hot sauce were changed slightly during aging for 12 months. The cell counts of yeast were increased from $3.2{\times}10^2\;to\;5.2{\times}10^6$ till the second month and those of lactic acid bacteria were increased from $3.{\times}10^1\;to\;1.5{\times}10^7$ till the third month, those of yeast and lactic acid bacteria decreased from the eighth month showed $6.6{\times}10^4$ and not detectable on the twelfth month, respectively. As the results of sensory evaluation on the Korean type hot sauce were evaluated to be superior to the imported to be superior to the imported one.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.47-59
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate the physical and chemical properties of artificial culture media, the specimens were substituted with 5~20％ clay, 10~30％(w) quick lime, 5~l5％(w) burnt plaster and 10％(w) sawdust. Fly ash-clay bodies were sintered at 1,050~1,20$0^{\circ}C$ and then their properties were determined. It was found that 90FA10JC(fly ash ＋clay(90：10, ％(w)) specimen sintered at 1,15$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. had good physical and chemical properties. When this composition was supplement with 10％(w) sawdust, bulk density water absorption, apparent porosity, compressive strength and pH after 240 hrs curing time were 1.14, 54.4％, 39.5％, 54 kgf.cm$^{-2}$ and 7.1 respectively. The physical properties of fly ash-quick lime-burnt plaster system specimens were superior to FAJC systems. However, this composition we not suitable as a artificial culture media because of its high pH. In this study, it was shown that 90FA10JC10SD(90FA10JC ＋10％(w) sawdust) system exhibited the best physical properties.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 1999

The effects of salting methods on Kakdugi (cubed radish kimchi) fermentation were evaluated. Kakdugi was prepared with various salting methods, salt concentrations, and settling times, and fermented at 10$^{\circ}C$ for up to 52 days. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cubes (2 cm size) were salted by using the following methods salt concentration of about 1.5% which was known appropriate for the organoleptic quality of Kakdugi: 1) Treatment S-1: applying dry salt uniformly onto the radish cubes, with a salt concentration of about 1.5% (w/w) and cured for 1 hr, 2) Treatment S-5: applying dry salt uniformly onto the radish cubes, with a salt concentration of about 1.2% (w/w) and cured for 5 hr, 3) Treatment B-1: brining radish cubes in a 8.5% (w/v) salt solution for 1 hr, 4) Treatment B-5: brining radish cubes in a 4.0% (w/v) salt solution for 5 hr. As the fermentation continued, the initial high decrease in pH has been retarded in all the treatments, of which the delaying extent was more significantly noted from B-1 and B-5 than S-1 and S-5. The pH of the Kakdugi which showed a good eating quality dropped to 4.3∼4.8 with the accumulation of total acids. Total vitamin C increased sharply at the palatable period of Kakdugi during the initial fermentation and then decreased gradually following a sigmoidal changing pattern. The reducing sugar levels were also influenced by salting methods and fermentation as sugars are converted into acids. High initial contents of reducing sugars and their subsequent rapid decrease were observed in “S” group than “B” group during fermentation. For nonvolatile organic acids, lactic acid increased consistently throughout the fermentation while malic acid, which was high at the initiation of fermentation, decreased rapidly afterwards at the palatable period of Kakdugi.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.113-117
• /
• 1993

Good yield synthetic routes for the production of new B-alkyl-dithiaborane clusters are reported. The syntheses of the B-alkyl-dithiaboranes are based on the use of Fischer-type carbene reagents to activate the B-H bonds of dithiaborane for alkyl-addition reactions and are the first examples of transition-mediated reactions of dithiaborane to be reported. Thus, reactions employing arachno-$S_2B_7H_8$- and $(CO)_5M{C(R_1)R_2}$ (M = Cr, W; $R_1 = CH_3,\;C_6H_5;\; R_2 = OCH_3,\;SC_6H_5)$ were found to yield the intermidiate anions I, $[(CO)_5M{C(R_1)R_2S_2B_7H_8}]^-$, which upon protonation gave the corresponding neutral, air-sensitive cluster arachno-4-$RCH_2-6,8-S_2B_7H_8(R=CH_3,\;IIa;\;C_6H_5,\;IIb)$ range from 30 to 35% yield. Complexes IIa and IIb are isoelectronic with arachno-6,8-$S_2B_7H_9$ and, on the basis of the spectroscopic data, are proposed to adopt a similar arachno cage geometry in which an $RCH_2$ units are substituted to 4 position boron atom of the arachno-6,8-$S_2B_7H_9$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.600-607
• /
• 2010

Rhenium-186, having a half-life of 90.64 h, is an important radionuclide, used in metabolic radiotherapy and radio immunotherapy. $^{186}Re$ hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) is a new compound used for the palliation of painful skeletal metastases. Its production is achieved via charged-particle-induced reactions; the data are available in EXFOR library. For the work discussed in this paper, production of $^{186}Re$ was done via $^{nat}W(p,n)^{186}Re$ nuclear reaction. Pellets of $^{nat}W$ were used as targets and were irradiated with 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25 MeV proton beams at 5 ${\mu}A$ current. The radiochemical separation was performed by the ion exchange chromatography method. The production yield achieved at 25 MeV was 1.91 $MBq{\cdot}{\mu}A^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$. Excitation functions for the $^{186}Re$ radionuclide, via $^{186}W(p,n)^{186}Re$ and $^{186}W(d,2n)^{186}Re$ reactions were calculated by ALICE-ASH and TALYS-1.0 codes to validate and fit the experimental data and to obtain a recommended set of data for $^{186}W(p,n)^{186}Re$ reaction. Required thickness of the targets was obtained by SRIM code for each reaction.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.156-160
• /
• 2000

In an attempt to develop an unique enzyme (inulinase) for fructan utilization. bacterial strains were isolated [yom soil. Stram 96-11 secreting inulinase o[ high activity was tentatively identificated as Arthrobacter protophmmiae/ranwsus. The optimum culture conditions o[the slnin for the production of the inulinase were as follow: inorganic saIl basal medium contained sources fl % (w/v) inulin, 1 % (w/v) tryptone, and 1 % (w/v) $NH_4Cl$]. $35^{\circ}C$, initial pH 7.5. aeration 1 vvm and agitation 200 rpm.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.303-313
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire on the fuel economy of tractors as well as operational range of tractor engine in terms of engine speed and power when a 4WD tractor of 38.2 kW rated power at 2500 rpm is used for plowing and flooded-field rotavating in paddy fields. (1) Plowing operation required an average engine power of 9.6~13.5 kW which equals 25~35% of rated PTO power. Engine speed ranged from 1,320.4 to 1,737.4 rpm, work velocity from 3.4 to 4.8 km/h, and fuel consumption from 3.2 to 4.2 L/h, respectively. (2) Flooded-field rotavating required an average engine power of 11.5~18.5 kW which equals 30~48.4% of rated PTO power. Out of this 6.2~12.2 kW was used for PTO power. Engine speed ranged from 1,557 to 2,067 rpm, work velocity from 2.5~5.4 km/h and fuel consumption from 3.2~5.5 L/h, respectively. (3) Axle weight distribution, inflation pressure of tire and moisture content of soil did not affect significantly the specific volumetric fuel consumption but affected significantly the fuel consumption per unit area of operation. Fuel savings amounted to 65% in plowing operation and 20% in flooded-field rotavating when the axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire were optimally adjusted. (4) Optimal adjustment of axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire are expected to save fuel consumption by 10~65% per unit area of operation in plowing and 10~20% in flooded-field rotavating.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2000

A marine bacterium having a high oil-degrading activity was isolated form the oil-polluted southern sea of Korea, and was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was named Pseudomonas aeruginosa BYK-2. The optimal tmeperatur, culture time, pH and NaCl concentration for biosurfactant production and cell growth showed $25^{\circ}C$, 48h, 7.0 and 0%(w/v), respectively. After cultivation at $25^{\circ}C$, 180 rpm in 250 mL erlenmeyer flask for 7days, 1%(w/v) arabian light crude oil and bunker C oil which are considered to be hardly degradable compounds were degraded 92.1%(w/w) and 76%(w/w) respectively. And then, cell adherence was measured on various carbon sources. The cell adherence indicated over 80% on hydrocarbons(arabian light crude oil, kuwait curde oil, bunker C oil, n-paraffine, n-hexadecane, n-tetradecane) as carbon sources. Lecithin among fatty acids(oleic acid, olive oil, lecithin) showed highest cell adherence of 91.5%. The cell adherence of sugars(arabinose, trehalose, dextrose, galactose, lactose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol, sucrose) observed to be less than 70% except for arabinose, galactose, sorbitol and sucrose.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the compressive strength, shear strength, bending strength, and crack control by the mixture of the hwang-toh. The size of compressive specimens is $200{\times}200{\times}400(mm)$, and the size of shear, bending specimens is $200{\times}200{\times}600(mm)$. Finally, crack control specimens for comparative comparison is $200{\times}200{\times}15(mm)$. The mixture of the hwang-toh is as follows; Hwangtoh( H)+Water(W), H+W+Sand(S), H+W+S+sTraw(0.5%), H+W+S+sT(1.0%). The actual height, width, and the length are measured at the center of all specimens. The main parameters are mixture ratio of hwang-toh, straw and age of specimens. The test results are as follows. (1) The compressive strength is linearly increased until 15 weeks according to specimen ages. (2) About crack control, the specimen added in 1% straw is the most effective.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.820-826
• /
• 1988

The freezing point$(t_f)$, latent heat of freezing$({\triangle}\;H_f)$ and kinetic constant of fleering$(k_f)$ were determined from DSC thermogram at cooling rate $-2.5^{\circ}C/min{\sim}-10.0^{\circ}C/min$. The freezing point of various starches was decreased with an increase in cooling rate, and that of whole starches were lower than defatted starches. Changes of the latent heat of freezing was not observed at above cooling rate $-2.5^{\circ}C/min$. The latent heat of freezing$({\triangle}\;H_f)$ could be deduced as a function of water content(W) as follows: ${\triangle}\;H_f=0.700W-13.048$, (Kcal/kg) $(35%{\leqq}W{\leqq}70%)\;{\triangle}\;H_f=1.569W-73.861,\;(Kcal/kg)\;(W{\geqq}70%$) In the water content range $35{\sim}90$(wt %), the activation energy of various starches in freezing process was determined $126{\sim}270$ Kcal/mol.