• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 1993

This study aimed at evaluating the preventive effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix and Glycine Semen Extract (GGE) against NAC intoxication. NAC is widely used pesticide in many countries and derivative of carbamats and GGE is well-known antidote to some kinds of toxicants which was referenced from oriental medicine text. The results obtained were as follows: 1) After injecting NAC (100,140 mg/kg), determined Ch.E activities decrease 44.77~50.86% for all experimental groups at one hour after exposure, and were gradually recovered in the course of time. 2) In toxicity test of GGE, there were no sign of death or poisoning up to 5000 mg/kg of GGE for p.o. in mice. From this, we suggest that the LD$_{50}$ of GGE would be above 5000 mg/kg. 3) The Ch.E activity in control group was 471.43 $\pm$ 4.85 luff, group I was 215.27 $\pm$ 23.13 IU/l, group II and group III were 304.03 $\pm$ 9.03 IU/l, 433.81 $\pm$ 21.73 IU/l, respectively. Compare to the control group with experimental group I, remarkable difference revealed (p< 0.01), but the Ch.E activities of group II and III were similar to those of control group. This is indicate that GGE possess a potent activity of recovering Ch.E. GGE had a very remarkable preventive effect on NAC toxicity, and it was able to know that Ch.E activity dramatically increased according to GGE dosage increasing. 4) When GGE and NAC were administered by p.o. simultaneously, LD$_{50}$ and confidence intervals of each group were as follows: the control group: 270 mg/kg, 234.99~310.23 mg/kg, group I and II (GGE 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg by p.o.): 310 mg/kg, 271.69~353.71mg/kg, and 325 mg/kg, 285.09~370.50 mg/kg, respectively. In the comparison with the control group, the protective index was 1.1 and 1.2, respectively. From the above result, GGE has reactivation effect to decreasing Ch.E activity induced by exposure to NAC. Furthermore, GGE shows a preventive effect on NAC intoxication.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.501-508
• /
• 2012

In order to find the effect of improving hyperlipidemia by Acanthopanax senticosus water extract, a hypercholesterol diet and Acanthopanax senticosus water extract were supplemented to week- old male Spargue Dawley rats for four weeks in different amount. Results showed that serum total cholesterol significantly decreased in the group supplemented with Acanthopanax senticosus water extract by 50mg/kg(ASW-50) and 75mg/kg(ASW-75) compared with the control group.(p<0.05). Serum triglyceride also showed a significant decrease in the group supplemented with 50mg/kg(ASW-50) and 75mg/kg(ASW-75) compared with the control group. Liver total cholesterol showed a significant decrease in the group supplemented with Acanthopanax senticosus water extract by 50mg/kg(ASW-50) and 75mg/kg(ASW-75) compared with the control group(p<0.05), but liver triglyceride did not show a significant decrease in all of the experiment groups. Total cholesterol and triglyceride in feces significantly increased in all of the groups supplemented with Acanthopanax senticosus water extract(p<0.05). Acanthopanax senticosus water extract decreased the level of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride, reduced total cholesterol in the liver, and increased the excretion of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the feces.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제40권7호
• /
• pp.624-629
• /
• 2007

생체 내 (in vivo) 실험에서 톳 추출물을 2주 동안 격일로 0, 50, 500 mg/kg B.W.의 농도로 마우스에 경구투여한 후 비장세포 증식능 및 복강 대식세포에서 분비하는 cytokine ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha})$ 생성량을 검색한 결과 50 mg/kg B.W.과 500 mg/kg B.W.의 농도에서 Con A나 LPS로 자극 시 대조군에 비해 높은 비장세포 증식능을 보였고 특히 50 mg/kg b.w. 농도로 투여한 군에서 비장세포 증식능이 최대를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 복강 대식세포에 의한 cytokine 생성량을 측정한 결과 LPS 첨가시 $IL-1{\beta}$의 분비량은 2주 경구 투여 시에 50 mg/kg B.W.의 농도군에서 가장 높은 생성량을 보였다. 이는 LPS를 투여한 군과 투여하지 않은 군에서 모두 동일한 경향을 보였다. IL-6 분비량은 LPS 첨가시 50 mg/kg B.W.의 농도 투여군에서 가장 높은 생성을 나타냈다. $TNF-{\alpha}$의 경우는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 톳 열수 추출물은 대식세포의 활성화에 작용하여 사이토카인 생성을 증가시키는데 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 예측된다. 따라서 톳 추출물은 마우스 면역계의 조절기전에 작용하여 비장세포와 대식세포의 활성화를 유도함으로써 면역세포 활성을 직접적으로 촉진시키거나 또는 이와 관련된 다른 면역반응에 영향을 미침으로서 면역 활성에 효과적으로 작용할 가능성이 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
• /
• pp.104.1-104.1
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the samples on the blood levels of glucose, glycohemoglobin(HbAlc), total cholesterol and triglyceride. The samples have been used in the treatment of a type 2 diabetic animal model (C57BlKsj db/db). The samples were administrated orally before each meal for 6 weeks. Cinnamon dose was 50mg/kg/day, 100mg/kg/day, 150mg/kg/day and 200mg/kg/day, respectively. Rhodiola rosea dose was 50mg/kg/day, 100mg/kg/day, 15-mg/kg/day and 200mg/kg/day, respectively. (omitted)

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2011

Objectives : We investigated the effect of Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) on short-term memory and apoptosis in dentate gyrus of the gerbils with transient global ischemia. Methods : For the induction of cerebral ischemia model in mice, common carotid arteries of gerbils were occluded with aneurysm clips for 5 min. One day after operation, Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) was administrated orally injected once a day for 15 consecutive days. Gerbils were randomly divided into four group(n=10 in each group): sham-operation group, ischemia-induction group, ischemia-induction and 50 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group, ischemia-induction and 100 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group, and ischemia-induction and 200 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group. The effect of Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) on memory function was investigated by using step-down avoidance task. Apoptosis was confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3. Western blot analysis for the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 protein was also conducted. Results : 1. Haein-tang extract significantly enhanced short-term memory in step-down avoidance task and 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang-treated group. 2. Haein-tang extract significantly suppressed TUNEL-positive cells after transient global ischemia and 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang-treated group. 3. Haein-tang extract significantly increased caspase-3 positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus after transient global ischemia and 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang-treated group. 4. Haein-tang extract significantly decreased Bax protein expressions in the hippocampus after transient global ischemia and 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, Haein-tang-treated group. Haein-tang extract significantly increased Bcl-2 protein expressions in the hippocampal dentate gyrus after transient global ischemia and 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, Haein-tang-treated group. Haein-tang extract significantly decreased Ratio of Bax protein to Bcl-2 protein in the hippocampus after transient global ischemia and 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang-treated group. Conclusions : While Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) treatment improved short-term memory by suppressing on ischemia-induction apoptosis. In the present study, Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) shows protective effect on transient global ischemia.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to observe the toxicological changes caused by a single exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. Methods: Based on the results of a preliminary study, 300 mg/kg was set as the middle dose. A highest dose of 2,000 mg/kg and a lowest dose of 50 mg/kg were selected based on GHS guidelines. Benzo[a]pyrene was orally administered once to female and male SD rats at dose levels of 50, 300, and 2,000 mg/kg(body weight). All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs and mortality over 14 days. Hematological and biochemical values were examined as well. Results: There were neither dead animals nor significant changes in body weights during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between the control and treated groups in clinical sign, hematology, serum biochemical, and histopathological analysis. Conclusion: Compared with the control group, we could not detect any toxic alteration in all treated groups. These studies indicate that the acute toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene is relatively low.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2002

A single administration toxicity of (R)-JG-381 was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. In this study, rats were administered orally with dose of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg／kg of(R)-JG-381. We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings fur 14 days after (R)-JG-381 administration. When we administered different doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg／kg, we found 5, 3, 5 and 5 male rats and 1, 4, 4 and 5 female rats dead within 1 day after administration, respectively. Some clinical signs(decrease of locomotor activity, decreased respiration rate, lacrimation, prone position) were observed during the experimental period. Our findings suggest that oral $LD_{50}s$(95% confidence limit) for male and female rats are 93.8mg／kg (28.8~161.6mg／kg) and 166.3mg／kg (89. I~284.8mg／kg), respectively.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.156-164
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effects Panax ginseng in mice using the elevated plus-maze model. Furthermore, the anxiolytic-like effects of Panax ginseng were compared to a known active anxiolytic drug, diazepam. Ginseng total saponin (GTS, 100 mg/kg) from red ginseng (RG), sun ginseng (SG) total extract (50 mg/kg), butanol fraction of SG(25 and 50 mg/kg) and ginsenosides ($Rb_1,\;Rg_1,\;and\;Rg_5$ and Rk mixture) significantly increased the number of open arm entries and the time spent on the open arm, compared with that of control. However, Red ginseng (RG) total extract (l00 mg/kg), GTS (25, 50 mg/kg), SG total extract (25 mg/kg) and ginsenosides ($Rg_{3}-R\;and\;Rg_{3}-S$) did not increase the number of open arm entries and the time spent on the open arm. On the other hand, butanol fraction of RG (l00 mg/kg), total extract of SG (50 mg/kg), butanol fraction of SG (50 mg/kg), ginsenosides ($Rb_{1},\;and\;Rg_{5}$ and Rk mixture) decreased the locomotor activity, in a similar fashion to diazepam. These data support that ginseng has the anxiolytic-like effects and the anxiolytic potential of SG was stronger than that of RG. Ginsenosides $Rb_{1},\;Rg_{1},\;and\;Rg_{5}$ and Rk mixture play important role on the anxiolytic-like effects of Panax ginseng. We provide evidence that ginseng and some ginsenosides may be useful for the treatment of anxiety.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2004

This study was to investigate single and repeated-dose toxicities of CJ-11555, an anticirrhotic agent, in Sprague-Dawley (SO) rats. In single-dose oral toxicity study, the test article were administered once by gavage to males and females at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg. No dead animals and abnormal necropsy findings were found in control and CJ-11555 treated group. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of CJ-11555 was considered to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in rats. In the 4-week repeated oral toxicity study, the test article was administered once daily by gavage to male and female rats at dose levels of 0, 10, 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for 4-weeks. In clinical signs, yellow-colored urine and yellow hair coat were observed in the 50 and 200 mg/kg male and female groups. In hematology, erythrocyte count and hemoglobin were significantly decreased in the 200mg/kg male and female groups. In serum biochemistry, total cholesterol was significantly increased and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly decreased in the 50 or 200 mg/kg male and female groups. In histopathological examinations, centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy in the liver, congestion and pigmentation in the spleen, hyaline droplets in the kidney were observed in the 50 and 200 mg/kg male and female groups. In toxicokinetic study, CJ-11555 was dose-dependent in systemic exposure and showed better absorption in female with minimum accumulation after multidosing. Based on these results, it was concluded that the 4-week repeated oral dose of CJ-11555 resulted in the suppression of AST activity and centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy in both sexes at a dose level of 50 or 200 mg/kg/day. The target organ was estimated to be liver, spleen and male's kidney. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for CJ-11555 in rats following gavage for at least 4-week is 10 mg/kg/day.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.419-424
• /
• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate; the alpha-fetoprotein, urea and free fatty acid in amniotic fluids and water filled multiple T-maze test of fetuses affected by Ethylenethiourea. The S.P.F. Sprague-Dawley female rats(10 weeks) were used in this study and these animals were divided into four groups; control group I (10mg/kg/day), group II(30mg/kg/day), group III(50mg/kg/day). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. In the water filled multiple T-maze test of F1 male rats, The time and errors from start point to goal point of 30mg/kg group are significantly(p<0.001) increased from control group in 3rd day of test. In F1 female rats of 2nd day and 3rd day of water filled multiple T-maze test, The time and some errors in 30mg/kg group are significantly (p<0.05) increased from control group. 2. Alpha-fetoprotein values of all treated groups(10mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 50mg/kg) were significantly(p<0.001) decreased from control values in the amniotic fluids. 3. Urea values of ammniotic fluids in 50mg/kg group are significantly increased from control group. 4. Free fatty acid values of ammniotic fluids in 50mg/kg group are significantly increased from control group.