• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2014

People in the modern society want to live under safe and comfortable circumstances. As our society, however, is sharply developing, crimes are getting smarter and more difficult to treat. Above all, they often take place around us, and we are trying to cope with them variously in order to make our lives more comfortable and safer. In particular, five major crimes(Murde, Robber, Rape, Violence, Theft ) that most frequently occur in the real life are very threatening and fearful so it is necessary to deal with them with "the scientific method." In this study, therefore, we searched the frequency of crime by its type and analyzed spatial characteristics between crimes and criminal factors by using regression analysis and correlation analysis based on the crime data that has occurred around Geumjeng-gu, Busan so that we can confront five major crimes.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.619-629
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• 2022

The five major violent crimes including murder, robbery, rape·forced indecent act, theft, and violence are representative crimes that threaten the safety of members of society and occur frequently in real life. These crimes have negative effects such as lowering the quality of citizens' life. In the case of Seoul, the capital of Korea, the risk for the five major violent crimes is increasing because the population density of Seoul is increasing as a large number of people in the provinces move to Seoul. In this study, to reduce this risk, the relative risk for the occurrence of the five major violent crimes in Seoul is modeled using three spatio-temporal models. In addition, various risk factors are included to identify factors that significantly affect the relative risk of the five major violent crimes. The best model is selected in terms of the deviance information criterion, and the analysis results including various visualizations for the best model are provided. This study will help to establish efficient strategies to sustain people's safe everyday living by analyzing important risk factors affecting the risk of the five major violent crimes and the relative risk of each region.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2015

Needs about safety of residents are important in urbanized society, elderly and small-size family. People are looking for safety information system and device of CPTED. That is, Needs and Installations of CCTV increased steadily. But, scientific analysis about validity, systematic plan and location of security CCTV is nonexistent. It is simply put these devised in more demanded areas. It has limits to look for safety of residents by increasing density of CCTVs. One of the characteristics of crime is clustering and stong interconnectivity. So, exploratory spatial data of crime is geo-coded using 2 years data and carried out cluster analysis and space statistical analysis through GIS space analysis by dividing 18 variables into social economy, urban space, crime prevention facility and crime occurrence index. The result of analysis shows cluster of 5 major crimes, theft, violence and sexual violence by Nearest Neighbor distance analysis and Ripley's K function. It also shows strong crime interconnectivity through criminal correlation analysis. In case of finding criminal cluster, you can find criminal hotspot. So, in this study I found concept of hotspot and considered technique about selection of hotspot. And then, selected hotspot about 5 major crimes, theft, violence and sexual violence through Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Spatial Clustering.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2015

The recent long-term economic recession and business depression are constantly increasing the occurence of the five major crimes(murder, robbery, rape, theft, violence). When looking into the previously-analyzed characteristics of how the five major crimes are committed, this study understands that the crimes mostly occur in these crime-ridden areas of poor public order and security and, in order to decrease the crime rates of the crime-prone areas, any relevant fields have been emphasizing the application of CPTED. In the light of that, referring to CPTED surveillance factors and the current crime rate data, the study presented ways to help the relevant fields draw up a crime-prone area grade map. In particular, the security center among monitoring elements was visualized by dividing it into point patrol and directed patrol and by dividing it into 3 steps monitoring levels with CCTV and street lights. In addition, we checked the crime rate by zoning through crime statistics occurred in the research areas and established a crime status map. We estimated the weight through AHP analysis on the built monitoring elements and the zoning of the occurred areas, as a result of making a map vulnerable to crime by monitoring steps by overlapping each element, we were able to confirm that 60% of theft, 52% of violence and 33% of rape in the 1st grade area were reduced compared to the 1st step in monitoring Step 3.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1511-1523
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• 2016

The increasing trend of the five violent crimes (murder, robbery, rape, violence, theft) in Korea is not independent of social and economic factors. Several social science research have discussed about this issue but most of them do not properly reflect the nature of the time-series data. Based on several time series models, we studied about the endogenous factors (time, seasonal and cycle factors) and exogenous factors (economical, social change and crime control factors) on violent crime occur in Korea. Autocorrelation were also taken into account. Through this study, we want to help to make preventive policy by explaining the cause of violent crime and predicting the future incidence of it.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to analyze the periodical and spatial characteristics of urban crime and to find out the factors that affect the crime occurrence. For these, crime data of Masan City was examined and crime occurrence pattern is ploted on a map using crime density and criminal hotspot analysis. The spatial relationship of crime occurrence and factors affecting crime were also investigated using ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis) and SAR (Spatial Auto-Regression) model. As a result, it was found that crimes had strong tendency of happening during a certain period of time and with spatial contiguity. Spatial contiguity of crimes was made clear through the spatial autocorrelation analysis on 5 major crimes. Especially, robbery revealed the highest spatial autocorrelation. However as a autocorrelation model, Spatial Error Model(SEM) had statistically the highest goodness of fit. Moreover, the model proved that old age population ratio, property tax, wholesale-retail shop number, and retail & wholesale number were statistically significant that affect crime occurrence of 5 most major crimes and theft crime. However population density affected negatively on assault crime. Lastly, the findings of this study are expected to provide meaningful ideas to make our cities safer with U-City strategies and services.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.1 s.41
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• pp.110-125
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• 1993

This study was designed to determine whether non-violent criminal and normal control on the basis of concentration of levels of trace mineral and toxic metal by analysis of human scalp hair. The subjects were selected 87 nonviolent criminal from a prison population and 120 normal control from periodic health checks for study. Hair samples were taken from the napes and Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI) was performed also. Five trace mineral (Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Na) and two toxic metal (lead, cadmium) contents were determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer. The contents of zinc and magnesium in hair of non-violent criminal were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.01). In the case of lead and cadimum, mean value of criminal group was significantly higher than control group. Significantly higher T-score of MMPI was seen in non-violent criminal group fur psychopathic deviate (Pd), paranoia scale (Pa), and Mania scale (Ma) than control group, but T-score of depression scale (D) was significantly higher in the control group. In the non-violent criminal group, the content of copper inversely proportion to T-score of Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Mf, Pa, Pt, Sc, Si except Ma, also Zinc inversely proportion to T-score of Hy, Mf, Pa, Pt. These results suggest that difference of some hair mineral contents exist between criminal and normal control group. Thus further studies are necessary to determine whether violent and nonviolent criminal group attributed biochemical imbalance with carefully constructed and controlled studies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.163-172
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• 2012

Modern society, various great strength crimes are producing. After all crimes happen, it is most important that prevent crime beforehand than that cope. So, many research studied to prevent various crime. However, existing method of studies are to analyze and prevent by society and psychological factors. Therefore we wishes to achieve research to forecast crime by time using Markov chain method. We embody modelling for crime occurrence estimate by crime type time using crime occurrence number of item data that is collected about 5 great strength offender strength, murder, rape, moderation, violence. And examined propriety of crime occurrence estimate modelling by time that propose in treatise that compare crime occurrence type crime occurrence estimate price and actuality occurrence value. Our proposed crime occurrence estimate techniques studied to apply maximum value by critcal value about great strength crime such as strength, murder, rape etc. actually, and heighten crime occurrence estimate probability by using way to apply mean value about remainder crime in this paper. So, we wish to more study about wide crime case and as the crime occurrence estimate rate and actuality value by time are different in crime type hereafter applied examples investigating.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.124-137
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• 2018

The main purpose of this study is to find the hotspots of crimes that occur frequently in the space and to derive the appropriate CCTV installation location. One of the characteristics of crime is clustered around past occurrence area, and these crimes are strongly correlated. It is also possible to find the cause of the clusters and the variables that affect the crime through the history of the crime. In addition to the traditional OLS model, spatial differential model including spatial autocorrelation and spatial error model were used to select the variables influencing the five major crime rate, the theft rate and the foreign resident rate. The variables affecting the Five major crimes were positive (+) sign for the welfare and the rate of the bar cluster rate, and negative (-) for the street density. The CCTV area occupies 46% of the hotspots based on the overlapping of the areas where the elderly people are crowded, the bar cluster, many multicultural families, and the areas with low density of street lamps. It turned out. Taking into account the current CCTV operation, the total number of new cases to cover the risk point was 89.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.413-421
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• 2010

In this study, we considered bivariate conditional auto-regressive model taking into account spatial association as well as correlation between the two dependent variables, which are the counts of murder and burglary. We conducted likelihood ratio test for checking over-dispersion issues prior to applying spatial poisson models. For the real application, we used the annual counts of violent crimes at 25 districts of Seoul in 2007. The statistical results are visually illustrated by geographical information system.