• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of study was to investigate the racial or ethnic differences in FDA-approved medications. Methods: Data on racial-based differences of drugs in PDR (Physician's Desk Reference) were analyzed by searching with keywords, "ETHNIC" and "RACE". Results: There were descriptions related to "ETHNIC" in product directions of 53 cases and "RACE" in 266 cases in 2010 PDR. After excluding 30 cases of duplicates, 289 cases were shown of which 28 cases were verified to demonstrate racial or ethnic differences. Drug category showing the higher racial or ethnic differences was cardiovascular drugs (7), followed by alimentary tract and metabolism drugs (6), nervous system drugs (5), and antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (3). Pharmacokinetic differences between race and ethnicity were observed most frequently; differences in AUC or Cmax showed in 15 drugs and clearance differences in 7 drugs. Conclusions: This study identified the racial differences in medication usage in PDR. Therefore, the results can contribute to safe use of medication in real clinical settings in regards to the racial or ethnic differences.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.153-155
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• 2008

Pathogenic infection in tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury is common and there is a breed specific response regarding tolerance. Hence, the tolerance level of three eco-races of tasar silkworm viz. Daba, Sarihan and Raily to Antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (AmCPV) infection was tested. The survival of Daba, Sarihan and Raily eco-races was significantly different (p<0.05) when challenged with the same concentration ($1{\times}10^5$ polyhedra/ml) of AmCPV. Daba eco-race was more tolerant to the AmCPV infection having higher survival (65.7%) and $LC_{50}$ values (1000893.17 polyhedra/ml) of AmCPV followed by Sarihan eco-race (50.7% survival and $LC_{50}$ value of AmCPV 187203.6168 polyhedra/ml) and Raily eco-race (24.3% survival and $LC_{50}$ value of AmCPV 5176.37 polyhedra/ml). The tolerance level of Daba and Sarihan eco-races against AmCPV was more than two times than Raily eco-race.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.314-323
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• 2014

In this study, a gearbox and blade were modeled in the MASTA program, and the housing and carrier components were modeled using a finite element method. Using substructure synthesis, all the components were combined and used to establish a vibration model of a 2.5-MW wind turbine gearbox. In addition, the safety displacement factor was evaluated using an AGMA data sheet about bearing's outer race for the input shaft and output shaft. As a result, the bearing's outer race for the input shaft, and the radial and axial responses were satisfied by the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ planetary gears and the $3^{nd}$ helical gear transmission error(TE), respectively. However, the output shaft support bearing's outer race responses were not satisfied with the radial response by the $2^{nd}$ TE and axial response by the $3^{rd}$ TE. To reduce the vibration, tooth modification was needed. After profile tooth modification, at the outer race of the output shaft support bearing, the radial response was reduced by approximately $20{\mu}m$, and the axial response was reduced by approximately $6{\mu}m$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2567-2570
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• 2013

Background: This study analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data to assess if socio-economic factors (SEFs) impact on endometrial cancer survival. Materials and Methods: Endometrial cancer patients treated from 2004-2007 were included in this study. SEER cause specific survival (CSS) data were used as end points. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were computed for predictors. Time to event data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors. Results: This study included 64,710 patients. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 28.2 (20.8) months. SEER staging (ROC area of 0.81) was the best pretreatment predictor of CSS. Histology, grade, race/ethnicity and county level family income were also significant pretreatment predictors. African American race and low income neighborhoods decreased the CSS by 20% and 3% respectively at 5 years. Conclusions: This study has found significant endometrial survival disparities due to SEFs. Future studies should focus on eliminating socio-economic barriers to good outcomes.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.36-45
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• 1994

This paper describes how to identify standard numbers and to diagnose defects of the ball bearings. The first stage of the networks is a procedures for identifying standard numbers of the bearings, and the next stage carries out the diagnosis of defects on the outer race and the inner race of bearings. The identification and the diagnosis of bearings were carried out by simulations and experiments.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2000년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.10 No.1
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• pp.193-196
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 FG-CPW(Finite-Ground Coplanar Wave-Guide) 구조의 단일 평형 다이오드 믹서에 대해서 논의된다. 주파수 영역은 무선 LAN 대역으로 선택하였다. RF 신호는 5.725-5.875 GHz, LO 신호는 5.58GHz, 그리고 IF 신호는 140 MHz가 사용된다. 제시된 FG-CPW 구조의 LPF(low pass filter)는 회의크기를 줄일 수 있으며, 불필요한 하모닉 억제 특성이 우수하다. 5.635 GHz에서 5 dBm의 Power를 갖는 LO신호가 입력될 때 6.2 dB 의 혼합기의 변환손실을 얻는다. 또한 LO-RF isolation과 LO-IF isolation은 각각 30 dB $\Omega$dB 의 특성을 보인다. 이 혼합기는 CPW 구조가 일반적으로 알려진 밀리미터 대역에서의 장점뿐만 아니라 C-Band의 무선 LAN 분야에도 충분히 응용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.907-936
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• 2009

Quite arguably, W. E. B. Du Bois is the first figure in the history of black nationalism who engaged most persistently and systematically with the dominant ideology of racism and white supremacy. It is not too much to say that, by contending with the Eurocentric but taken-for-granted concept of the 'Negro' in the turn of the century, Du bois has laid the theoretical and ideological cornerstone of postcolonialism today. But his concept of race varied over time and was even contradictory in the same writings. The early Du Bois defined race as something historically made rather than biologically given and determined. Yet he didn't utterly deny the significance of physical traits and skin color in constructing racial identity. His notion of the 'Negro' was not unambiguous, either. While drawing on the 'soul' of 'black folk' to undermine the Eurocentric dichotomy of white/mind and black/body, Du Bois argued that there is some kind of 'spiritual' differences between whites and blacks, differences that are essentially inherent and hereditary in the 'Negro.' Such essentialist notion of race and the 'Negro' was on the wane in the later Du Bois, especially after his encounter with Marxism. He came to think of race merely as a discourse of racism that can be subverted and even appropriated for anti-racist practices. Following the Marxist assumption that 'the color line' is a class conflict on the international level, Du Bois contended that the 'Negro' is an outcome of slavery which is in turn a subsystem of Western capitalism. He also argued that, since the 'Negro' is not a biological essence but a sociocultural formation, the identity of the 'Negro' can and must be reconstructed according to historical change. For Du Bois, therefore, the resistance against colonialism and capitalism became a resistance against racism. This is why his Pan-African movement shifted its gear from the American program in the initial phase to a truly 'Afrocentric' and socialist one.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2006

본 논문은 스포츠 이벤트(2005 제천 산악마라톤 대회) 개최로 인한 사회문화적 영향요인분석을 실증분석 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 요인분석결과 긍정적 영향에 대한 19개의 질문 항목이 5개의 요인으로 나타났고, 부정적 영향에 대한 9개의 질문 항목이 2개의 요인으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 $20\sim30$대의 젊은 연령층과 서비스산업종사자들은 긍정적 영향을 많이 받은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 스포츠 이벤트의 긍정적 영향 요인이 나이와 직업에서 의미 있는 차이가 있음을 보여준다. 그러므로 스포츠 이벤트에 대한 사회 문화적 특징은 지역사회 구성원에게 서로 다른 영향을 미치고 있다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-43
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• 1972

1) 수도 도열병에 저항성이었던 관옥 품종이 1969년에 와서 저항성이 역전된 원인을 분석하였다. 2) 경기도지방 16개 지역의 이병된 관옥품종에서 분리한 균주는 15개의 C계통 레이스와 1개의 N계통 레이스로 판정되었다. C계통 레이스 중에는 C-8이 9균주, C-7과 C-1이 각각 2균주, 그 나머지는 C-1과 유사한 것이 1균주이고 C-5와 유사한 것이 1균주였다. 3) 도열병에 대하여 고도로 저항성이었던 관옥품종은 중국계통의 벼를 침해 한 수 있는 C레이스의 만연에 기인되었다고 결론지을 수 있다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.426-431
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• 2012

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici(FOL)에 의해 발생하는 토마토 시들음병에 대한 효과적인 저항성 검정법을 확립하기 위하여, 시판 중인 토마토 6개 품종에서 FOL 5개 균주에 의한 시들음병 발생을 조사한 후에 토마토 2개 품종(도태랑마스터, race 1 저항성; 슈퍼선로드, race 1과 2 저항성)과 FOL 2개 균주(KACC40043, race 2; TF104, race 3)를 선발하였다. 선발한 토마토 품종과 FOL 균주를 이용하여 뿌리 상처 유무, 재배 온도, 접종원 농도 및 포자현탁액에 침지하는 시간 등에 따른 시들음병 발생을 조사하였다. FOL에 대한 토마토 품종의 저항성 및 감수성 반응은 레이스 특이적이며, $20^{\circ}C$의 재배온도를 제외한 실험한 모든 발병 조건에 의해 이들 반응은 영향을 받지 않았다. 그리고 FOL에 의한 토마토 시들음병 발생의 최적 온도는 $25-30^{\circ}C$임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 토마토 시들음병에 대한 저항성을 효과적으로 검정하는 방법으로 2엽기 토마토 유묘의 뿌리를 $1{\times}10^7conidia/mL$ 농도의 FOL 포자 현탁액에 30분간 침지한 후에 원예용 상토에 이식하고 $25^{\circ}C$ 생육상에서 하루에 12시간씩 광을 조사하면서 3주 동안 재배하는 것을 제안한다.