• Title/Summary/Keyword: 4P평가

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Evaluation of Age-dependent Crow′s Feet in Korean Women (한국여성의 연령별 눈가 주름의 정량 분석)

  • 이미영;김은정;이희경;서영경;이민선;고재숙
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 2004
  • In this study, we evaluated the crow's feet of 152 Korean women by using visual assessment established by our research group and mechanical assessment, Skin Visiometer SV 600. The volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to age; the group I of 30's was 43, the group II of 40's was 75, the group III of 50's was 34. The wrinkle score by visual assessment showed tendency to increase according to age and was statistically significant different among those three age groups (P 〈 0.05). But there was no significant difference between the left and the right of crow's feet. The 5 wrinkle parameters (RI, R2, R3, R4, R5) of mechanical assessment varied as age and the Rl, R4, and R5 showed statistically significant difference among three age groups (P 〈 0.05). However there was no significant difference between the left and the right of crow's feet. The volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to wrinkle score; (0-3 grade for group A, 4-6 grade for group B, 7-9 grade for group C). Only R4 and R5 showed significant difference between group A and group C (P 〈 0.05). It was suggested that visual scoring criteria applied in this study was related to R4 and R5 and was useful in investigating in fine wrinkles.

What is the Prognosis for Early Gastric Cancer with pN Stage 2 or 3 at the Time of Pre-operation and Operation (pN2 이상인 조기위암 환자의 수술 전과 수술 중의 평가)

  • Kim, Chan-Young;Lee, Se-Yul;Yang, Doo-Hyun
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.114-119
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine whether it is possible to evaluate patients with pN2 or pN3 early gastric cancer (EGC) as being in an advanced stage before and during the operation. Materials and Methods: 4,430 patients underwent a gastrectomy for cancer from 1990 to 2003. Eight of the 552 patients with EGC included pN2 or pN3. The estimated clinical and surgical stage before and during the operation were compared to the pathological results, and a follow-up of progression was done. Results: The patients were evenly distributed among all age groups with seven men and one woman. The pre-operative estimate of T1 by CT was 25% (2/8). In the main, the cT stage was over estimated. The estimate of over N2 was 50% (4/8). One patient was preoperatively staged as la sT1 during operation was 57.1% (4/7), and the estimate of over N2 was 67% (4/6). Two patients were intraoperatively evaluated as Ia. Only one patient survived over 5 years, and the mean survival of these patients was 15 months $(95%\;Cl:\;0{\sim}35.5)$. Conclusion: It was generally possible to evaluate patients with EGC of over pN2 as being in an advanced stage before and during the operation. Although very rare (2/552, 0.04%), there were EGC patients whose stages were not predictable at all. Therefore, more precise preoperative and intraoperative staging methods are warranted.

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Microbiological, pH and Sensory Evaluations of Refrigerated Pork Tender-Loins Treated with Potassium Sorbate (Potassium Sorbate에 침지한 냉장 돼지고기 안심의 미생물, pH 및 관능평가)

  • Kim, Chang-Ryoul
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.57-62
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    • 2007
  • Microbiological, pH, and sensory evaluations on pork tender-loins treated with potassium sorbate (PS) during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ were assessed. Treatments of 0.5-2.0% PS for 10 min effectively (P < 0.05) inhibited the growth of aerobic plate counts (APC) and gram-negative bacterial counts (GNC) compared to those of controls for 9 days at $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. Results of this investigation demonstrate that antimicrobial activity on APC and GNC in all treatments enhanced by increasing concentrations of PS during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. pH values of pork tender-loins treated with PS gradually increased by storage of 6 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Sensory data showed that 0.5-1.0% PS treatments were quite close in odor and appearance compared to fresh controls. Results indicated that pork tender-loins treated with 1.0% PS for 10 min could extend shelf-life to 9 days during refrigerated storage at $4^{\circ}C$ without adversely affecting sensory quality.

A Study on the Sensory Characteristics of Korean Red Wine (한국산 적포도주의 관능적 특성에 관한 연구 (III))

  • Lee, Jang-Eun;Hong, Hee-Do;Choi, Hee-Don;Shin, Yong-Sub;Won, Yoo-Dong;Kim, Sung-Soo;Koh, Kyung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.841-848
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    • 2003
  • The sensory characteristics of red wine Gerbong (G), Campbell (C), Moru (M), Gerbong + Moru (70 : 30, GM), Gerbong + Campbell (70 : 30, GC) and French wine (F, Carbernet Sauvignon, 1998) were evaluated. The preferences of color, flavor, taste and total evaluation were determined by a ranking test, and the organoleptic characteristics were evaluated by a quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method. The mean color scores of C, GM, F, GC, M and G were 4.74, 3.94, 4.67, 3.70, 2.65 and 1.47, respectively (p<0.001). The order for the mean score for flavor was GM (4.12) = M (3.94) = C (3.76) = F (3.76) ${\geq}$ GC (3.12)>G (2.29) (p<0.01), and the order for taste was F (4.75) ${\geq}$ C (4.25) ${\geq}$ GM (3.37) = GC (3.50) ${\geq}$ G (2.75) = M (2.37) (p<0.001). The total evaluation of mean scores showed G, M, C, GM, GC and F were 237, 2.44, 4.06, 3.87, 3.64 and 4.81, respectively (p<0.001). Influences of sensory characteristics on the total evaluation, in percentages, were 69.3% for taste, 3.7% for color, and 1.5% for flavor. The influences of taste, color, and flavor in red wine were 17% for sweet, acid, bitter and salty taste, 28.9% for purple and red color, and 14.4% for grape flavor. The attributes of the purple and red colors showed a positive correlation with grape flavor, oak flavor, grape taste, and floral tastes, but a negative correlation with $SO_2$, flavor. The attribute of sweet taste showed a positive correlation with grape flavorand floral flavor, but a negative correlation with bitter and astringency tastes, according to Pearsons correlation analysis (p<0.01).

High-k 감지막 평가를 통한 고성능 고감도 Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor pH센서 제작

  • Bae, Tae-Eon;Jang, Hyeon-Jun;Jo, Won-Ju
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.02a
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    • pp.447-447
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    • 2012
  • 최근 생물전자공학에서 의료 산업 환경 등 많은 분야에 응용 가능한 바이오센서의 연구가 활발해지고 있다. 그 중 의료 분야에서, 수소이온 ($H^+$)의 농도 감지는 인간의 질병을 예측하는데 중요한 지표가 되며 이러한 수소이온 ($H^+$) 농도의 변화를 실시간으로 감지하기 위해 반도체를 기반으로 한 다양한 pH 센서가 제안되었다. Ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET), electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS)는 대표적인 반도체 pH센서로, 작은 소자 크기, 견고한 구조, 빠른 응답속도와 CMOS 공정과의 호환성이 좋다는 장점이 있다. 특히, EIS는 제조공정이 간단하고 감지막의 감지 특성 평가가 용이하기 때문에 지속적으로 연구되고 있는 pH 센서이다. 센서의 감지 특성을 평가함에 있어 감지막의 감지감도와 안정성이 우수해야 하며 이를 위해 high-k 물질이 감지막으로 사용되고 있다. 추가적으로 high-k 물질은 기존의 $SiO_2$$Si_3N_4$를 대신하여 높은 유전상수로 인한 고성능, 고감도 센서제작을 가능케 한다. 본 연구에서는, high-k 물질인 $HfO_2$, $Ta_2O_5$, $ZrO_2$, $Al_2O_3$를 각각 $SiO_2$ 완충막에 적층한 이단 감지막을 제작하였고, 그 특성을 기존의 $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$ 감지막의 감지특성과 비교하였다. pH 감지 특성을 평가해 본 결과, 기존의 $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$ 감지막과 비교했을 때 high-k 물질의 감지막을 갖는 EIS pH 센서에서 감지감도와 안정성 모두 우수하게 나타났다. 특히, high-k 물질 중 $HfO_2$에서 감지감도가 다소 크게 평가되었으나, 화학적 용액에 대한 안정성은 떨어졌다. 반면에 $Al_2O_3$$Ta_2O_5$은 화학용액에 대한 안정성 측면에서 최적의 특성을 보임을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, high-k 물질에 대한 전반적인 평가를 통하여 높은 pH 감지감도뿐만 아니라 우수한 안정성의 EIS pH 센서를 제작 할 수 있었다.

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Experimental Study on the pH of Recycled Aggregate (순환골재의 pH에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Bong;Kim, Jong-Hwan;Park, Je-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 2016
  • This study provides basic materials about setting pH standard of recycle aggregate by analysing pH change from elution time, type of solvent and ratio of solvent with existing experiment methods about recycle aggregate. Also it has purpose of evaluating impact of recycle aggregate outflow's pH on actual environment by building a model that is similar to condition of recycling recycle aggregates. pH of recycle aggregates seemed to not change a lot by time with each experimental method. To evaluate degree of generation by recycle aggregates in natural state, natural water with distilled water seemed be useful to use as solvent. Also it was possible to confirm that there is a difference between actual pollution in natural state by only pH of recycle aggregates.

Theoretical Exploration of a Process-centered Assessment Model for STEAM Competency Based on Learning Progressions (학습발달과정에 근거한 과정중심 STEAM 역량 평가 모델에 대한 이론적 탐색)

  • Ryu, Suna;Kwak, Youngsun;Yang, Sung Ho
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.132-147
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    • 2018
  • The goal of this research is to suggest a theoretical process-centered assessment model based on Learning Progressions of key competencies in the context of STEAM instructions. The "Process-Products Combined Module-type (P2CM) STEAM Assessment Model (P2CM STEAM Assessment Model, hereafter) can be used both as an instructional model and as an assesment model, applicable for various STEAM topics and instructional types. consists of 3 axes. The first X axis stands for 4C competencies that should be emphasized through STEAM instruction. The second Y axis stands for the types and the hierarchy of STEAM instructions. The third Z axis stands for the assessment standards based on LP. We also exemplified an assessment module combined creativity competency with creativity-based instruction based on . Based on the research results, we suggested elaboration of assessment models based on Korean LP research outcomes, development and supply of formative assessment models through field-based in-depth research, modification of formative assessment models with the participation of teacher communities and in-service teachers, and the necessity of further research on assessment models for tracking LP.

The Comorbidity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Effect of Methylphenidate on it (주의력 결핍 과잉 운동 장애 환자들의 약물치료 효과 및 Comorbidity에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Bum;Park, Hyung-Bae
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.166-178
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    • 1993
  • The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the comorbidity of the disorder, using child attention problem checklist to 56 (male: 38, female: 18) patients from, March 992 to February 1993. The results were as follows: Among 56 subjects, ADHD alone were 20 (335.71%) subjects, and with one additional diagnosis were 31 (55.35%) subjects and with two additional diagnosis were 5 (8.93%) subjects. There was significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers in 7th and 28th day after menthlphenidate administration compared to baseline score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to 7th day score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to 7th day score (P<0.05). There was significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by parents in 28th day after methylphenidate administration improvement compared with 7th day score. In single administration of methylphenidate in Sunday morning score compared to afternoon score (P<0.05). In the administration of significant improvement on symptoms compared with the Sunday morning rating score of parents (P<0.05) and the 28th day comparison was also showed significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers compared with the scores rated by parents on symptoms (P<0.05). Among group comparison, all groups showed significant improvements (P<0.05) except conduct disorder & oppositional defiant group.

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Association between Perceived Oral Health and Quality of Life in Korea Older Population (한국 노인의 주관적 구강건강평가와 삶의 질 관련성 연구)

  • Hong, Seung-youn
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.129-137
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    • 2019
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the association between self-rated oral health, self-rated health, and quality of life (QOL) among older population from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-1, 2016). Data of 1,866 older adults (Mean age 69.5 years) were analyzed with hierarchical logistic regression analyses with IBM SPSS 23.0. Over 87.7% of the subjects rated their oral health as fair or poor. Women and less educated participants more likely to report their perceived oral health as poor (p<.05). Older participants who rated their general health positively were more likely to rate their oral health as good (F=19.04, p<.001). Elders who had bad perceived health (OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.5~5.5), had carries in permanent teeth (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.67~4.32) and anxiety or depression (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.42~2.57) had negative oral health perception after controlling for covariates. In conclusion, perceived oral health and QOL were associated with each other in Korean older adults. Therefore, it is recommended to approach holistic strategy for improve health and quality of life in the elderly population.

Nutritional quality evaluation of complementary baby food products in Korea according to food composition (국내 시판 간편 이유식의 식품 구성에 따른 영양적 질 평가)

  • Eun-Ju Lee;Jee-Young Yeon;Mi-Hyun Kim
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.56 no.5
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    • pp.537-553
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of complementary baby food products sold in Korea according to the baby food stages and food composition. Methods: A total of 1,587 complementary food products sold online and offline between March and December 2021 were investigated. They ranged from liquid meals to solid rice for babies aged 5 to 36 months. Results: The number of intakes per packaged volume was 2.8 in Stage 1, 1.9 in Stage 2, 1.4 in Stage 3, and 1.1 in Stage 4 (p < 0.0001). The dietary variety scores (DVS) of the complementary baby food products were 3.4 in Stage 1, 5.5 in Stage 2, 7.1 in Stage 3, and 9.7 in Stage 4 (p < 0.0001) and showed a significant increase in the later stages. The Korean dietary diversity score (KDDS) significantly increased from 2.3 in Stage 1, to 2.8 in Stage 2, 3.0 in Stage 3, and 3.4 in Stage 4 (p < 0.0001). The higher the baby food stage, the higher the proportion of grains/meat/vegetable ingredients. The ratio of protein intake to Adequate Intake (AI) or Recommended Nutrition Intake (RNI) was higher in products with a KDDS of 3 points or more, or in products with 2 points or fewer in Stages 1 and 2 (p < 0.0001, respectively). The ratio of protein intake to RNI increased as the KDDS score increased in Stages 3 and 4 (p < 0.0001, respectively). For all stages of baby foods, the ratio of protein intake to AI or RNI was high in products that included the meat group (beans, nuts, meat, eggs, fish, and shellfish) (p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Continuous research and nutritional evaluation are required for establishing nutrient content standards for commercially available baby foods, considering breast milk intake.