• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.484-488
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• 2006

The solid-phase synthesis of new series of 1,6,8-trisubstituted tetrahydro-2H-pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidine-4,7-diones as bicyclic $\beta$-turn mimetics is described. Their NF-kB inhibition activities were tested and the effect of substituents on bicyclic ring was investigated. Among the prepared compounds, the fluorobenzyl and methoxybenzyl group substituted compounds 26 and 27 at C-1 and C-8 position showed more inhibitory activities than the others. Tested at a concentration of 10 uM, these two compounds showed a 60% inhibition against the target NF kB 549.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 $NF_3$의 분해를 위한 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 촉매활성을 조사하였다. $NF_3$ 분해반응은 고정층 촉매반응기에서 $330{\sim}730^{\circ}C$ 범위의 반응온도와 $3,000{\sim}15,000mL/g-cat{\cdot}h$의 공간속도 조건에서 수행되었고, $NF_3$의 열분해 반응이 촉매분해반응와 비교를 위하여 함께 수행되었다. $400^{\circ}C$의 촉매분해 반응에서 $NF_3$의 전화율은 열분해 반응보다 4배 정도 높았으며, ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$상에서 $NF_3$의 반응거동은 스팀의 존재에 따라 두 가지 반응경로를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 스팀이 존재하지 않은 조건에서는 기체-고체 반응에 의해서 $NF_3$에 함유된 불소성분은 $AlF_3$로 전이되고, 스팀이 존재하는 조건에서는 가수분해에 의한 촉매적 분해반응이 일어난다. 또한 $NF_3$는 $500^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 NOx와 HF로 완전히 분해되는 것으로 FT-IR분석에서 확인되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1657-1662
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• 2012

Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) has been implicated in cell adhesion, motility, and tumor progression in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. We previously reported that it promotes cell proliferation through the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying FUT4-induced cell invasion remain unknown. In this study we determined the effect of FUT4 on expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 induced by EGF in A431 cells. Treatment with EGF resulted in an alteration of cell morphology and induced an increase in the expression of MMP-12. EGF induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kB (NF-${\kappa}B$) and resulted in phosphorylation of $IkB{\alpha}$ in a time-dependent manner. In addition, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were shown to play a crucial role in mediating EGF-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ when treated with the MAPK inhibitors, PD98059 and SB203580, which resulted in increased MMP-12 expression. Importantly, we showed that FUT4 up-regulated EGF-induced MMP-12 expression by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, thereby inducing phosphorylation/degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Base on our data, we propose that FUT4 up-regulates expression of MMP-12 via a MAPK-NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent mechanism.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2022

In industrial production, the development of traditional polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membrane was limited due to its poor oxidation resistance, complex preparation process and high cost. In this study, a composite NF membrane with high flux, high separation performance, high oxidation resistance and simple process preparation was prepared by the method of dilute solution dip coating. And the sulfonated polysulfone was used for dip coating. The results indicated that the concentration of glycerin, the pore size of the based membrane, the composition of the coating solution, and the post-treatment process had important effects on the structure and performance of the composite NF membrane. The composite NF membrane prepared without glycerol protecting based membrane had a low flux, when the concentration of glycerin increased from 5% to 15%, the pure water flux of the composite NF membrane increased from 46.4 LMH to 108.2 LMH, and the salt rejection rate did not change much. By optimizing the coating system, the rejection rate of Na₂SO₄ and PEG1000 was higher than 90%, the pure water flux was higher than 40 LMH (60psi), and it can withstand 20,000 ppm.h NaClO solution cleaning. When the post treatment processes was adjusted, the salt rejection rate of NaCl solution (250 ppm) reached 45.5%, and the flux reached 62.2 LMH.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.113-124
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• 1992

마우스에 N. fowleri를 감염시키기 전에 N( 2단세포군 항체를 2회 투여했을 때 사망률과 평균 생존기간이 15.8%, 17.7일, 1회 투여했을 때는 16.7%, 17.0일로 대조군의 22.7%, 14.6일 에 비해 사망률이 감소하고 생존기간이 연장되었다. Nf 154 단세포군 항체를 2회 투여시 사망률과 생존기간이 10.5%, 16.5일로 대조군에 비하여 차이가 있었다. 그러나 N. fowleri를 감염시킨 후 Nf 2 단세포군 항체를 2회 또는 1회 투여했을 때는 대조군과 비교하여 사망률과 생존기간의 차이 가 없음이 관찰되었다. 배양중인 N. fowleri 영양형에 Nf 2 및 Nf 154 단세포를 항체를 처리했을 때 대조군에 비해 현저한 응집반응이 관찰되었으며, 보체를 처리하여 영양형의 증식정도를 관찰한 결과 단세포를 항체 처리시 영양형의 증식이 현저히 감소하였다. Nf 2및 Nf 154단세포군 항체로 처리된 N. fowleri 영양형의 미세구조를 관찰하였는데, swelling된 미토콘드리아의 수가 증가하였으며 cisternae의 손상도 관찰되었다. 또한 lipid droplets가 나타나고 그수가 증가하였으며, peroxisome은 관찰되지 않았으며, 공포 수의 증가와 더불어 osmiophilic granules등이 관찰되었다. N. fowleri의 세포독성 실험에서 배양된 CHO세포에 N. fowleri만 넣었을 때, 세포독성이 73.0% 인데 비해, Nf 2 및 Nf 154 단세포를 항체를 넣었을 패는 각각 5.4%, 10.7%로 CHO세포에 대한 N. fowleri의 세포파괴율이 저하됨이 관찰되었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2014

CD28/T cell receptor ligation activates the NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling cascade during CD4 T cell activation. NF-${\kappa}B$ activation is required for cytokine gene expression and activated T cell survival and proliferation. Recently, many reports showed that NF-${\kappa}B$ activation is also involved in T helper (Th) cell differentiation including Th17 cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the current literature on NF-${\kappa}B$ activation pathway and its effect on Th17 cell differentiation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

This study investigated the phenomena of membrane fouling by NOM and the effect of the fouling on removal of micro-pollutants. NOM has a great effect on decline of permeate flux. Permeate flow rate was reduced by 88% in RO and 34.8% in NF for 323hr operation period. Removal rate of $UV_{254}$, is 87.4% in RO and 78.5% in NF and removal rate of DOC is 42.7% in RO and 32.9% in NF for 2mg/l humic acid. Removal efficiency of the micro-pollutants by the RO and NF membranes fouled by humic acid was mostly lower than that by the new membrane. The concentration polarization which affects the flux and the rejection was thought to occur in the active layer of the membrane, as the membrane was getting fouled.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2017

Beauvericin (BEA), a cyclic hexadepsipeptide produced by the fungus Beauveria bassiana, is known to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial actions. However, how BEA suppresses macrophage-induced inflammatory responses has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory properties of BEA and the underlying molecular mechanisms using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), mRNA levels of transcription factors and the inflammatory genes inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-1, and protein levels of activated intracellular signaling molecules were determined by Griess assay, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), luciferase reporter gene assay, and immunoblotting analysis. BEA dose-dependently blocked the production of NO in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells without inducing cell cytotoxicity. BEA also prevented LPS-triggered morphological changes. This compound significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ subunits p65 and p50. Luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated that BEA suppresses MyD88-dependent NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. By analyzing upstream signaling events for $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and overexpressing Src and Syk, these two enzymes were revealed to be targets of BEA. Together, these results suggest that BEA suppresses $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory responses by suppressing both Src and Syk.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Gardeniae Fuctus(GF) on the metabolic process of antioxidant and anti-inflammation. Methods : 4-HNE was injected into PC-12 cell to cause oxidative stress-induced inflammatory response, and then a western blot was conducted to observe the expression of Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein that are important factors involved with inflammation. Results : 1. The Gardeniae Fuctus water extract 50 ㎍ and 100 ㎍ significantly suppressed the increase in JNK protein expression in PC-12 cell. 2. The Gardeniae Fuctus water extract 50 ㎍, 100 ㎍ and 200 ㎍ significantly suppressed the increase in NF-kB protein expression in PC-12 cell. Conclusion : These results suggest that the Gardeniae Fuctus water extract has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity through suppressing the activity of JNK and NF-kB.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-caner effect of cobrotoxin on the prostatic cancer cell line(PC-3). Methods : After the treatment of PC-3 cells with cobrotoxin, we performed fluorescence microscope, MTT assay, Western blotting, Flow cytometry, PAGE electrophoresis and Surface plasmon resonance analysis to identify $NF-{\kappa}B$ the change of calcium and NO. Results : 1. The expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ was decreased at 1nM and It·as decreased significantly at 2, 4, 8nM. 2. $I{\kappa}B,\;NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor, was decreased significantly at 8nM and $p-l{\kappa}Ba$, phosphrylation of $I{\kappa}B$, was decreased significantly at all concentrations of cobrotoxin. 3. The expressions of p50 and p65 were decreased significantly and dose-dependently at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. 4. The expression of p53 was increased significantly at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. 5. The calcium concentration in cell wasn't changed at 1, 2, 4, 8nM, but was increased dose-dependently at 30, 70, 130, 250nM comparing with lower dose of cobrotoxin. 6. The NO concentration in cell was increased significantly at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. 7. In immunochemical staining, we found that cobrotoxin-immunochemical complex move into intracellular space dose-dependently. Conclusion : These results indicate that cobrotoxin has anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis.