• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.484-488
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• 2006

The solid-phase synthesis of new series of 1,6,8-trisubstituted tetrahydro-2H-pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidine-4,7-diones as bicyclic $\beta$-turn mimetics is described. Their NF-kB inhibition activities were tested and the effect of substituents on bicyclic ring was investigated. Among the prepared compounds, the fluorobenzyl and methoxybenzyl group substituted compounds 26 and 27 at C-1 and C-8 position showed more inhibitory activities than the others. Tested at a concentration of 10 uM, these two compounds showed a 60% inhibition against the target NF kB 549.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2015

In this study, the catalytic activity of ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ was investigated for the decomposition of $NF_3$. Reactions for $NF_3$ decomposition were carried out in the range of reaction temperature of $330{\sim}730^{\circ}C$ and GHSV of $3,000{\sim}15,000mL/g-cat{\cdot}h$ in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor system. Thermal decomposition of $NF_3$ was also performed in order to compare with the catalytic decomposition of $NF_3$. The conversion of $NF_3$ by the catalytic decomposition at $400^{\circ}C$ was four times higher than that of the thermal decomposition. It was confirmed that the reaction behavior of $NF_3$ over ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ exhibited two reaction pathways in the presence of steam. Fluorine in $NF_3$ over ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ was chemically absorbed to $AlF_3$ by the gas-solid reaction in the absence of steam. The catalytic decomposition of $NF_3$ occurred by hydrolysis with steam. It was also confirmed by FT-IR analysis that $NF_3$ was completely decomposed to NOx and HF above $500^{\circ}C$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1657-1662
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• 2012

Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) has been implicated in cell adhesion, motility, and tumor progression in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. We previously reported that it promotes cell proliferation through the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying FUT4-induced cell invasion remain unknown. In this study we determined the effect of FUT4 on expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 induced by EGF in A431 cells. Treatment with EGF resulted in an alteration of cell morphology and induced an increase in the expression of MMP-12. EGF induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kB (NF-${\kappa}B$) and resulted in phosphorylation of $IkB{\alpha}$ in a time-dependent manner. In addition, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were shown to play a crucial role in mediating EGF-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ when treated with the MAPK inhibitors, PD98059 and SB203580, which resulted in increased MMP-12 expression. Importantly, we showed that FUT4 up-regulated EGF-induced MMP-12 expression by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, thereby inducing phosphorylation/degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Base on our data, we propose that FUT4 up-regulates expression of MMP-12 via a MAPK-NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent mechanism.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.191-199
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• 2022

In industrial production, the development of traditional polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membrane was limited due to its poor oxidation resistance, complex preparation process and high cost. In this study, a composite NF membrane with high flux, high separation performance, high oxidation resistance and simple process preparation was prepared by the method of dilute solution dip coating. And the sulfonated polysulfone was used for dip coating. The results indicated that the concentration of glycerin, the pore size of the based membrane, the composition of the coating solution, and the post-treatment process had important effects on the structure and performance of the composite NF membrane. The composite NF membrane prepared without glycerol protecting based membrane had a low flux, when the concentration of glycerin increased from 5% to 15%, the pure water flux of the composite NF membrane increased from 46.4 LMH to 108.2 LMH, and the salt rejection rate did not change much. By optimizing the coating system, the rejection rate of Na₂SO₄ and PEG1000 was higher than 90%, the pure water flux was higher than 40 LMH (60psi), and it can withstand 20,000 ppm.h NaClO solution cleaning. When the post treatment processes was adjusted, the salt rejection rate of NaCl solution (250 ppm) reached 45.5%, and the flux reached 62.2 LMH.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 1992

Protective effects of monoclonal antibodies against n. fowleri were comparatively studied. nALB/c mice were treated with two types of monoclonal antibodies, Nf 2 and Nf 154, before and after the infection with N. fowleri. The mortality and mean survival times were then compared. Also, direct effect of the monoclonal antibodies on the N. fewleri trophozoites in vitro were observed. In vitro protective effects of the monoclonal antibodies were also studied in cells infected with N. fowleri. The observed results are summarized as follows: 1. Among mice pretreated twice before the infection with monoclonal antibody Nf 2 (McAb Nf 2), only 15.8% were killed, and the mean survival time was 17, 7 days. This was not much different from the mice pretreated once, as the mortality and mean survival time were 16.7% and 17 days. Those effects were compatible with monoclonal antibody Nf 154 (McAb Nf 154). The above findings contrast with the mortality and mean survival time of the control mice, which were 22.7% and 14.6 days respectively. 2. Mice which received twice the McAb Nf 2 following N. fowleri infection incurred a 19.4% mortality rate with 13.6 days survival time; 17.9% and 15.8 days with on time administration, in contrast to the 25% and 14.6 days in the control group. 3. Marked agglutination effect of McAb Nf 2 or McAb Nf 154 were observed on n. fowkwi, trophogoites. 4. When N, fowleri trophozoites were treated with McAb Nf 2 or McAb Mf 154 combined with comments, the proliferation rate was more significantly suppressed than in that the control, 5. N. fowleri trophozoites treated with McAb Nf 2 or McAb Nf 154 showed an increased number of swollen mitochondria, disfigured cisternal, lipid droplets, and osmiophilic granules in the cytoplasm. 6. A remarkable protective effect of monoclonal antibodies was noticed in CHO cells infected with N. fowleri. More than 90.6% of the infected CHO cells survived, contrasted with 27% of untreated cells. The overall results in this study suggest that N. fewleri treated with monoclonal antibodies against N. fowleri reduce the mortality and prolong the survivial time of the mice when the antibodies are administered before the infection. The protective effect of the monoclonal antibodies is surmised being caused by agglutination of the trophozoites.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2014

CD28/T cell receptor ligation activates the NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling cascade during CD4 T cell activation. NF-${\kappa}B$ activation is required for cytokine gene expression and activated T cell survival and proliferation. Recently, many reports showed that NF-${\kappa}B$ activation is also involved in T helper (Th) cell differentiation including Th17 cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the current literature on NF-${\kappa}B$ activation pathway and its effect on Th17 cell differentiation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

This study investigated the phenomena of membrane fouling by NOM and the effect of the fouling on removal of micro-pollutants. NOM has a great effect on decline of permeate flux. Permeate flow rate was reduced by 88% in RO and 34.8% in NF for 323hr operation period. Removal rate of $UV_{254}$, is 87.4% in RO and 78.5% in NF and removal rate of DOC is 42.7% in RO and 32.9% in NF for 2mg/l humic acid. Removal efficiency of the micro-pollutants by the RO and NF membranes fouled by humic acid was mostly lower than that by the new membrane. The concentration polarization which affects the flux and the rejection was thought to occur in the active layer of the membrane, as the membrane was getting fouled.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2017

Beauvericin (BEA), a cyclic hexadepsipeptide produced by the fungus Beauveria bassiana, is known to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial actions. However, how BEA suppresses macrophage-induced inflammatory responses has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory properties of BEA and the underlying molecular mechanisms using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), mRNA levels of transcription factors and the inflammatory genes inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-1, and protein levels of activated intracellular signaling molecules were determined by Griess assay, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), luciferase reporter gene assay, and immunoblotting analysis. BEA dose-dependently blocked the production of NO in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells without inducing cell cytotoxicity. BEA also prevented LPS-triggered morphological changes. This compound significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ subunits p65 and p50. Luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated that BEA suppresses MyD88-dependent NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. By analyzing upstream signaling events for $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and overexpressing Src and Syk, these two enzymes were revealed to be targets of BEA. Together, these results suggest that BEA suppresses $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory responses by suppressing both Src and Syk.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.56-64
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Gardeniae Fuctus(GF) on the metabolic process of antioxidant and anti-inflammation. Methods : 4-HNE was injected into PC-12 cell to cause oxidative stress-induced inflammatory response, and then a western blot was conducted to observe the expression of Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein that are important factors involved with inflammation. Results : 1. The Gardeniae Fuctus water extract 50 ㎍ and 100 ㎍ significantly suppressed the increase in JNK protein expression in PC-12 cell. 2. The Gardeniae Fuctus water extract 50 ㎍, 100 ㎍ and 200 ㎍ significantly suppressed the increase in NF-kB protein expression in PC-12 cell. Conclusion : These results suggest that the Gardeniae Fuctus water extract has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity through suppressing the activity of JNK and NF-kB.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.37-48
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-caner effect of cobrotoxin on the prostatic cancer cell line(PC-3). Methods : After the treatment of PC-3 cells with cobrotoxin, we performed fluorescence microscope, MTT assay, Western blotting, Flow cytometry, PAGE electrophoresis and Surface plasmon resonance analysis to identify $NF-{\kappa}B$ the change of calcium and NO. Results : 1. The expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ was decreased at 1nM and It·as decreased significantly at 2, 4, 8nM. 2. $I{\kappa}B,\;NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor, was decreased significantly at 8nM and $p-l{\kappa}Ba$, phosphrylation of $I{\kappa}B$, was decreased significantly at all concentrations of cobrotoxin. 3. The expressions of p50 and p65 were decreased significantly and dose-dependently at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. 4. The expression of p53 was increased significantly at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. 5. The calcium concentration in cell wasn't changed at 1, 2, 4, 8nM, but was increased dose-dependently at 30, 70, 130, 250nM comparing with lower dose of cobrotoxin. 6. The NO concentration in cell was increased significantly at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. 7. In immunochemical staining, we found that cobrotoxin-immunochemical complex move into intracellular space dose-dependently. Conclusion : These results indicate that cobrotoxin has anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis.