• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2004

Zosterin is a pectin from a seagrasses of the family Zosteraceae. Zosterin was given to rats intragastrically once 1h before the emotional stress or injection of indomethacin, or administration of 2, 4-D solution daily for seven days at dose of 100 mg/kg. The data obtained demonstrate that zosterin enhances resistance of the stomach tissue to various ulcerogenic factors (emotional stress, indomethacin, pesticide 2, 4-D). It was shown to possess a gastroprotective effect, which is accompanied by diminution of the number and sizes of destructive regions in the gastric mucosa during the ulcer affection, as well as reduction of ATP and glycogen deficit, decrease of lactate excess, and normalization of the energy balance in the gastric mucosa. According to its antiulcer effect, zosterin may be recommended for application in prevention and treatment of stomach diseases together with the basic therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.466-471
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• 2003

The effect of polyamines on the cabbage phospholipase D(PLD) activity was investigated. The PLD activity was determined by pH-stat titration of phosphatidic acid, one of the enzymatic reaction product, using phosphatidyl choline small unilamellar vesicles as a substrate. The cabbage PLD was activated approximately 4 fold by spermine at 1 mM concentration. This spermine effect appears to be similar to the previous report on the PLD activation of rat brain mitochondrial fraction. It was also found that cationic polypetides such as polylysine and polyhistidine exerted a marked enhancement effect on the cabbage PLD. Particularly polyhistidine exerted approximately 5.5 fold enhancement effect at 0.062 mM concentration. The polyamine effect on the cabbage PLD was reexamined in the phosphatidylcholine/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixed micellar system. The relevance of polyamine effect on PLD activity is discussed in relation to the active site of PLD.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.357-368
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• 1996

The in vitro antibacterial activity of a novel fluoroquinolone, DWP20373(1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(2,7-diazabicyclo[3,3,0]oct-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4 oxoquino line-3carboxylic acid) was compared with those of ciprofloxacin (CPFX), sparfloxacin (SPFX) and ofloxacin (OFLX). DWP20373 was more active than SPFX and OFLX but was less potent than CPFX against gram-negative bacteria. DWP20373 showed an excellent activity against L-MRSA and H-MRSA ($MlC_{90}=0.781{\sim}1.563{\mu}g/ml$).The activity of DWP20373 decreased moderately in the presence of 5mM $Mg^{2+}$. However, pH and serum had no effect on the activity of DWP20373. DWP20373 possessed a rapid bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative strains.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2007

Seven compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and their structures were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (1), (24R)-6${\beta}$-hydroxy-24-ethyl-cholest-4-en-3-one (2), acteoside (3), geniposidic acid (4), 1-octen-3-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl$(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5), plantainoside D (6) and plantamajoside (7) on the spectroscopic analysis. Among them, $(24R)-6{\beta}$-hydroxy-24-ethyl-cholest-4-en-3-one (2) and 1-octen-3-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl ($1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5) were first isolated from this plant. Among them, geniposidic acid (4) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis, with inhibition rate of 41%.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.181-197
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• 1999

In order to investigate the protective effect of Samduhaejungtang-gamibang on the liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, the serum transaminase(GOT& GPT) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities and triglyceride, total bilirubin amounts for serum component were measured. All animals were divided into 4 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(treated with vehicle 0.9% Saline solution), sample Ⅰ group(1500mg/kg administrated), sample Ⅱ group(3000mg/kg administrated). The results were as follows: 1. The inhibitory effects of the serum GOT activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were noted in sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). In serum GPT activities, sample Ⅱ group(p<0.05) only showed the inhibitory effects. 2. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALP activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were noted in sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01) 3. The inhibitory effects of the serum LPH activities in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were noted in sample Ⅱ group, but it is not recognized statistically. 4. The increases effects of the serum triglyceride content level in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were inhibited in both sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01) 5. The increases effects of the serum total bilirubin content level in rats induced by $CCl_4$ were inhibited in sample Ⅱ group(p<0.05) 6. The inhibitory effects of the serum GOT, GPT activities in rats induced by d-galactosamine were noted in sample Ⅱ group (p<0.001), but sample Ⅰ group was not recognized. 7. The signiticantly inhibitory effects of in the serum LDH activities in rats induced by d-galactosamine were noted in both sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and sample Ⅱ group (p<0.001) 8. The increases of the serum ALP content level in rats induced by d-galactosamine were inhibited in sample Ⅱ group(p<0.05) 9. The increases of the serum total bilirubin content level in rats induced d-galactosamine were inhibited in sample Ⅱgroup(p<0.05) According to the above results, it is considered that Samduhaejungtang-gamibang has protective effect against liver injury in rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. So it is required to study about the actions of mutual relation of medicines and patho-mechanism by experiment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2012

This study measured the natural-convection heat transfer of two vertically staggered cylinders with varying vertical pitch-to-diameter ($P_v$/D) and horizontal pitch-to-diameter ($P_h$/D) ratios. The measured heat-transfer rates for the lower cylinder agreed well with the existing heat-transfer correlations for a single cylinder. At the smallest $P_v$/D, the rising plume from the lower cylinder provides the upper cylinder with a preheated flow, and the heat-transfer rates of the upper cylinder decrease, but increase very sensitively with $P_h$/D. However, at the largest $P_v$/D, the velocity effect dominates, and the heat-transfer rates of the upper cylinder are larger than that of a single cylinder, and decrease less sensitively with $P_h$/D. Even if $P_h$/D is increased, the heat-transfer rate of the upper cylinder is higher than that of the lower cylinder because of the chimney and side flow effects. This work expanded the flow ranges to turbulent flows. The cupric acid-copper sulfate ($H_2SO_4-CuSO_4$) electroplating system was adopted for the measurements of the mass-transfer rates instead of the heat-transfer experiments based on the analogy concept. The measurements were made by varying $P_v$/D (1.02-5) and $P_h$/D (0-2) in both laminar and turbulent flows. The Rayleigh number ranged from $1.5{\times}10^8$ to $2.5{\times}10^{10}$, and the Prandtl number was 2,014.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

Recently, as the development of 3D contents service, production of 4D media that user can feel physical effects by the scene of movie has been increased. This 4D media uses the SMMD (Single Media Multiple Devices) method to give users enhanced effects with multiple devices playing rather than the SMSD (Single Media Single Device) method with single device playing in a smart TV environment. To give more sensible effects to users, from the beginning of making one media, we produced 4D media that consists of 3D contents and the SEM (Sensory Effect Metadata) to define effects of the scene. 4D media is transmitted to a HS (Home Server) to represent 3D contents in 3DTV and multiple devices with synchronized way. In this paper, we suggested the concept and overall 4D media broadcasting service system architecture, aggregator time acquisition, media time scheduling, real-sense device scheduling, evaluation results, user interfaces and implemented devices.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.161-175
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• 2021

This study analyzed the efficiency and influence factors according to the main research institute type of R&D Program for the local community problem-solving. This study applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and Tobit regression analysis by using 20 institutions that participated in R&D Program. The results are summarized as follows. First, Analysis results according to the research institute type of R&D project, Efficient DMUs showed more regional innovation institutions than social economy enterprises. But regional innovation institutions were the lowest in the CCR and BCC model. However, efficiency dose not differ between regional innovation institutions and social economy enterprises. Second, as a result of the analysis relation between efficiency and allocation characteristics of R&D input, the participation of regional innovation organizations as participating organizations has a negative effect on efficiency. It was found that the higher the proportion of government subsidies and the higher the employment rate of the vulnerable, which is a social achievement, the positive effect on efficiency. The implication of this study is that the participation of social economy enterprises as the main R&D institution and government R&D support can provide social economy enterprises with opportunities to accumulate R&D capabilities and experience successful commercialization.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 2000

Objectives : In order to investigate the curative effect of Daesihotang-sosunggitang-gagambang on the liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. Methods : All animals were divided into 5 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(administrated with 0.9% Saline solution), sample I group(65mg/kg administrated), sample II group(130mg/kg administrated), positive control group(administrated with 200mg/kg silymarine). After the liver injury of rats induced by ccl4 and d-galactosamine, and cheked the serum transaminase(GOT, GPT) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities and triglyceride, total cholesterol amounts for serum component were measured. Result : The inhibitory effects on the serum GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP activities, serum total cholesterol content level in liver injury of rats induced by ccl4 were noted in both sample I group and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum GPT, LDH activities and serum total cholesterol content level in liver injury of rats induced by d-galactosamine were noted in both sample I group and sample II group. The inhivitory effects on the serum GOT activities and triglyceride content level in liver injury of rats induced d-galactosamine were noted in sample I group, but it is not recognizable statistically. In sample II, they were noted. Conclusions : Deesihotang-sosoonggitang-gagambang has treatment effect against liver injury in rats induced by ccl4 and d-galactosamine. So it is required to study about the actions of mutual relation of medicines and path-mechanism by experiment.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.204-210
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• 2016

Phytochemical investigation of the 80% MeOH extract from the stems of Lagerstroemia indica resulted in the isolation of eighteen compounds; four norsesquiterpenes, fourteen phenolic derivatives. Their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods to be tachioside (1), isotachioside (2), 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (3), gallic acid 4-methyl ether (4), protocatechuic acid (5), gallic acid (6), vanillic acid (7), vanillin (8), 2-methoxy-5-hydroxymethyl-phenyl-1-O-(6"-galloyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (9), 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-${\beta}$-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (10), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-1-O-(6'-O-galloyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (11), vomifoliol (12), vomifoliol 9-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (13), 6R,9R-3-oxo-${\alpha}$-ionol-9-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (14), dihydrophaseic acid 4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (15), ${\beta}$-hydroxypropiovanillone 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (16), myrciaphenone A (17), and coumaric acid (18). Compounds 1-5 and 7-18 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compounds 1-18 were investigated for their antioxidant properties using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity assay, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating, and FRAP assay. It was found that 4, 6, and 11 possessed the highest antioxidant capacities.