• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.48-69
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• 2003

Colonialism heretofore described merely as a political economic phenomenon denotes another aspect, namely, an ecological imperialism that accompanies the biological implantation of human beings, crops, weeds, domestic animals, and pathogens onto colonized lands. Foremost, the Korean Peninsula during the colonial period served as a testing ground for the transplanted Japanese varieties of rice. Near the mid-1940s, the new varieties came to dominate over 90% of cultivated rice paddy. The speedy diffusion of transplanted rice was attributable to the aggressive promotion of agricultural institutions led by the Institute of Agricultural Tests and Experiments. Various policies and tactics were also instrumental to the nationwide distribution of new varieties, and they included naming recommended varieties, sponsoring rice contests, establishing crop inspection offices, educating young farmers at training camps, and publishing newsletters for agricultural societies. The forward and backward linkages that came along with the new varieties of transplanted rice helped to consolidate colonial status quo and to create hybrid agricultural landscapes in the Korean countryside.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.9
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• pp.29-41
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• 1989

A general study on the upgrading of mica minerals which are mainly found in pegmatite deposits was carried out for the purpose of developing a technique for recovering mica in form of comercial grade products. By the way the grade one of about 5~6% $K_2O$ still is not developed. The target of this research work is to be establish a process for the efficient concentration of muscovite, containing more than 10% $K_2O$. The tests are applied to incraese the recovery and grade of concentrates in term of variations of conditions. The test sample consists of mainly muscovite and gangue mineral such as quartz, pyrite and chlorite. Decantation and shaking table tests were ineffective to up-grade this low grade one, but flotation method gave satisfactory result. By means of grade one, but flotation method gave satisfactory result. By means of grindability tests, an optimum result could be obtained from the sample ground to -48mesh feed size. The flotation result indicates that the dodecyl ammonium chloride used as a cationic collector is effective on the negatively charged surface, while the sodium dodecyl sulfate as an anionic collector is effective on the positively charged surface. Muscovite was floated by petroleum sulfonate as well as amine type collector, it also floated by MIBC as well as pine oil frother under well condition. Fine muscovite concentrates of about 10.68% $K_2O$ was obtained with 22.4% yield, by decantation, the muscovite concentrates of 10.10% $K_2O$ was obtained with 23.54% yield, by table concentration, the muscovite concentrates of 11.51% $K_2O$ was obtained with 23.0% yield by flotation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1978

The wet soybean residue, a byproduct of soymilk industry having potential food value has been tried to dehydrate for the purpose of storage. The total solid of the byproduct was composed of 28.9% protein, 13.6% fat, 4.4% ash and 53.0% carbohydrates. The original water content of 593%(dry-weight basis) was reduced to 378% by pressing mechanically. The sufficient pressure and time for the pressing were found to be 0.5M/T and 5minutes, respectively. The partially dehydrated soybean residue was formed into pellets of 3mm in diameter and 10mm in length. By applying hot air on the thin layer of pellets the moisture could be further reduced to the level of 10% which is equivalent to that of the commercial wheat flour. No significant color deterioration in the product was observed if the hot air dehydration procedure was within the limit of 95 minutes at $120^{\circ}C$ under the air flow velocity of 160 feet per minute.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.239-249
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• 2004

To develope a sauce using Gochujang which can give foreigners good overall acceptance such as good flavor, taste, color, viscosity and versatility to many foods, we studied on the rheological properties and color control, recipes with spices, herbs, syrup, salt and flavor ingredients and sensory evaluation by Chinese, American and Japanese including Korean. From the survey, the Americans suggested that the proper fellow food of Gochujang sauce be fried chicken, barbecue, hamburger and pina, and hoped to reflect red color, low viscosity, hot taste, low sweetness, salty and sourness and diet effect. The Chinese suggest pork and fried food as a fellow with Gochujang sauce and showed similar opinion in the sensory attributes like the Americans except sweetness. When 5% of starch and xanthan gum was added to sauce, respectively, the yield stress of Gochujang sauce showed 33.21 Pa similar to tomato ketchup. In fluidity measured by voistic flow meter, Gochujang sauce showed 6.2 cm/30sec more or less faster than tomato ketchup which showed 4.7 cm/30sec. Gochujang sauce tended to show strong red color and lightness as pH decreased. The pH adjustant and Paprica oleoresin(2%) improved a value to 12.11 and L value to 24.24 similar to tomato kechup(a:12.42, L:25.48). The 1st gochujang sauce product show 4.50 to 5.75 pots in the overall acceptance in the consumer test including foreigners and koreans. However, the 2nd Gochujang sauce product showed 5.90 points and 6.30 points in the pina and fried chicken, respectively, in the same consumer test. Therefore, we propose that Gochujang can be used for developing sauce products which is most acceptable for various foreigners.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.34-36
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• 2004

우리나라의 과학기술은 지난 40여년간 국가 산업발전에 발맞춰 고도성장을 효과적으로 뒷받침, '60-'70년대 모방$.$학습단계 '80년도 내재화단계를 거쳐 '90년대이후 신기술 개발경쟁에 뛰어드는 혁신단계로 진입, 장기간의 과감한 투자로 과학기술역량이 급신장, 연구개발비 '67년 48억\$\longrightarrow$'02년 17조 3,251억원(세계 6위), 연구원수 '68년 5,024명 \$\longrightarrow$'02년 18만 9,888명(세계 9위), 미국내 특허출원 10년간 평균증가율 32%(OECD 국가중 1위) SCI 논문게재수 5년간 평균증가율 15%(세계4위), 그러나 선진국과 비교할 때 양적$.$질적으로 미흡, '02년을 기준으로, 연구개발투자는 미국의 1/20, 일본의 1/10, 독일의 1/3수준에 불과, '01년 기준 상위 20개 기업의 연구개발비 총액은 50억불 정도로, Ford(74억불), GM(62억불)보다 적음, 인구 천명당 연구원 수 (2,98명)도 주요국에 비해 부족 일본 7.07명, 러시아 6.98명, 독일 5.90명, 대만 4.77('01년, IMD), 특히 신성장산업의 창출과 산업의 고도화에 직결되는 핵심원천기술이 취약, SCI 게재논문수는 세계 14위이나, 논문의 질적 수준을 나타내는 피인용도는 세계 31위('02년), 10대 성장동력 10대 산업과 관련되는 핵심기술의 평균 기술수준은 최고 대비 69.8%, 기술격차는 4.2년 - 디지털 TV/방송산업 74.9%/기술격차 3.1년, - 바이오 신약/장기 산업 61.2% 수준, 과학기술 및 과학기술자에 대한 사회적 인식이 낮음, 이공계 출신의 사회 각 분야 지도층 진출비율이 매우 낮음(16대 국회의원 8%, 3급이상 국가공무원중 기술직 비율 17.1% 등), - 민간의 경우, 10대 기업 임원의 53%가 이공계 출신, 100대 기업 CEO의 38.4%가 이공계 출신, 대입수능시험에서 자연계 지원비율이 감소 -40.1%('99)\$\longrightarrow$34.7%('00)\$\longrightarrow$29.4%('01)\$\longrightarrow$26.9%('02)\$\longrightarrow$30.3%('03)\$\longrightarrow$31.5%\$\longrightarrow$'04)

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2008

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of treatment effects and allergic responses to stiff neck between Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture. Methods Forty one patients who felt stiff neck were randomly divided into two groups, a Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture group(group I) and a Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture group(group II). Evaluations of the treatment effects were made before and after a treatment using Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Neck Disability Index(NDI), Clinical Evaluation Grade(CEG). The comparison of allergic responses was measured with VAS. The obtained data were analyzed and compared with SPSS. Results The group I and group II showed significant improvement(p<0.05) according to the VAS, NDI, CEG. And the differences between the two groups were insignificant according to VAS, NDI, CEG. But allergic responses such as localized edema, localized itching were significantly lower in group II than group I. Conclusions It seems that there are no big different treatment effects between the two groups. Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture appears to be more effective measurement against allergic reactions than the Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture. Further studies are needed for the comparison of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2016

The treatment of obesity have been developed various devices for the treatment of obesity, the ultrasound is to be made after the state changes to become easy fat decomposition by heat and vibrations to facilitate the flow of blood and lymph fatty acid released into the blood. There is such ultrasonic transducer array is used in obesity therapy focusing angle of the transducer array and the frequency may have a significant impact on the degradation of fat. In this paper, we set the frequency that reaches the shortest time to a set temperature 27kHz, 1MHz, by applying a transducer with a diameter of 5mm, 10mm, 16mm for the frequency of 3MHz, obtain the wavelength and near the stomach in order to set the frequency of the transducer array, which was set to the focusing angle of the transducer with three contact surfaces. As a result, the time to reach the set temperature was short days when 3MHz frequency, the focusing angle is titrated is $40^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of Oriental medical treatment on ALS. Methods : We investigated 12 ALS patients which were admitted to Gwang-Ju O.M. hospital from Oct. 14, 2008 to Nov. 14, 2008. All patients were treated by SAAM-acupuncture, herb medication, Bee venom Pharmacopuncture therapy, Needle-embedding therapy, etc. We evaluated patients using the Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R), Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale. Results : After 30 days, mean ALSFRS-R score of patients was improved from $28.42{\pm}7.83$ to $29.08{\pm}7.99$, and mean MRC Scale of patients was improved from $24.79{\pm}8.37$ to $25.34{\pm}8.45$. But in both cases, the variation was not statistically significant. After 30 days, mean ALSFRS-R score and mean MRC Scale of patients was more improved in subjects with bulbar-onset, onset age: 51-60yrs., disease duration: 24-48mo. And the results showed partially significant difference. Conclusions : We think that the results of this case be a pilot study that proves the effect of Oriental Medical treatment on ALS.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 1984

Using the soil bin systems, this study was carried out to analyze the effects of the angular and tilling speed of the rotary shaft with the edge curves which were $30^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$, and the edged blade which were single and double, on the torque requirement of rotary tillage. In the analyses, we developed the mathematical models for the torque requirments of rotary tillage, and analyzed the optimum conditions of each variable for the minimum tillage torque requriements. The results of the study were summarized as follows. 1. The required tilling torque by one rotary blade has the minimum value when the tilling speed of the rotary blade was low, and the revolution of the rotary blade was fast, in general. 2. The torque requirements of single edged blade was decreased to about 81% in comparing with that of double edged blade of which the edge curved angle was $40^{\circ}$ and the tilling speed was 29.40 cm/sec. But, for the mean values, the maximum torque requirements were decreased to 45%, and the mean torque requirements were decreased to 35%. 3. For the edge curved angle, the torque requirements of ${\theta}=40^{\circ}$ were 48% more than that of ${\theta}=30^{\circ}$ in the maximum tilling torque in case that the rotary blade were double edged blade. but, there was not a difference when the rotary blades were single edged blade. The mean tilling torques of ${\theta}=40^{\circ}$ were 6% more when the rotary blade was double edged blade, and were 11% less at single edged blade, than that of ${\theta}=30^{\circ}$. 4. In order to reduce the torque requirements for tilling, the optimum revolutions of the rotary shaft were analyzed as that 204-240 rpm for the double edged blade and 280-320 rpm for the single edged blade.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to transfer the knowledge of oral health care and to improve the oral health after the effective education of oral health behavior. The survey is conducted for 484 middle and high school students in Busan and Gyeongnam province about the oral health behavior, the cause and the preventive of oral diseases and oral health education experience by the self-answering method. The date was analysed using the SPSS 13.0 program. The obtained result were as follows. 1. 38.8% students in middle school have been to the dentist within one year and the reason is the dental care that is to 61.7% in the case of the high school students. 2. For the daily toothbrushing frequency. above 3 times is highest to 57.9% in middle school students and 2 times 59.9% in high school students. 3. 45.9% and 45.0% students in middle and high school have the regular dental check-ups to prevent the dental caries and periodontal disease with greatest portion. 4. 35.7% respondents had experienced oral health education. 48% of them got the education from the dental clinics. 82.2% of the education method is a theory and the contents is toothbrushing method with 58.7% portion. 5. 86% respondents of middle school students answered that regular oral health education is necessary and 78.1% students are willing to participate in the oral health education. The results of this study propose that the regular dental check-ups for middle and high school students enable them have early medical treatment and protection against oral disease. Also for the effective oral health education, those program and various media should be developed systematically to enhance the students' motive for oral health.