• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4851-4856
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• 2014

Background: Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) have been reported to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the effect of the GSTMl null genotype was divergent in the literature and we therefore performed the present meta-analysis to explore the relationship in detail. Materials and Metbods: Reported studies were searched from 1990 to March 1, 2014 in PubMed and Wanfang Med Online. The total odds oatio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated and analyzed by Review Manager 5.1 and STATE 12. Results: Total OR was calculated from 26 articles with 3,769 cases and 5,517 controls and the association proved significant (OR [95%CI]=1.50 [1.25, 1.80], P<0.05) in the Chinese population. However, there was no significant association between hepatocellular carcinoma risk among subjects carrying the GSTM1 null genotype (OR [95%CI]=1.20 [0.88-1.64], P=0.24) in subgroups of publication in English and in Indian populations (OR [95%CI]=1.80 [0.80-4.20], P=0.15). Conclusions: The GSTM1 deletion polymorphism might not have a significant effect on the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma overall.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

This study systematically collected and analyzed the results of previous studies on the role conflict of medical service workers. The data were collected according to the systematic review guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis). Among the collected documents, 33 were used for the final analysis. The documents using the tools of Kim Mun-sil and Park Sang-yeon were 14,, 12 articles using Rizzio et al's tool, and 3 articles using Eun-hee Lee et al. Qualitative research methods were used in five of the 33 references. As a result of literature analysis, the higher the conflict of roles, the lower the job satisfaction, the employee 's intention, and organizational commitment. The higher the role conflict, the more burnout, job stress, and turnover intention increased. In this study, there are limitations in analyzing the relationship between role conflict and various variables. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the research on the countermeasures and mediation strategies of the role conflict of medical service workers will be actively conducted.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.150-160
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• 2017

Background: Recently, a fixed combination of grazoprevir and elbasvir (GE) has been introduced to the arsenal of chemotherapeutics to fight against this virus. The study aimed to provide information on the efficacy and safety of GE for the treatment of HCV infection by performing a meta-analysis of literature data. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE database searches were conducted. Among the literature retrieved, pivotal Phase III clinical studies were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by RevMan. Results: Four pivotal Phase III clinical studies compared the efficacy and safety of GE. When HCV patients were treated with GE for 12 weeks, the sustained virologic response, defined as the viral RNA level below the lower limit of quantification at 12 weeks after the cessation of therapy (SVR12), was 94.7%. The clinical advantage of GE involves its use by patients with cirrhosis and/or renal failure without dose adjustment. If the genotype (GT) of the causative virus was GT1a with NS5A polymorphism or GT4 with resistance to peginterferon/ribavirin, treatment with GE plus ribavirin for 16 weeks resulted in a better outcome compared to treatment with GE alone for 12 weeks. Adverse events reported during the four clinical studies were 71.09% in the GE arms and it was 76.61% in the non-GE arms, with the most frequent events being mild central nervous system symptoms. Conclusion: GE was generally safe and effective for the treatment of HCV infection. However, since HCV mutates very rapidly and becomes resistant to antiviral agents, long-term monitoring should be mandatory.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.7011-7016
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• 2013

Background: The liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, and the associated incidence of subsequent cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are still a public health problem in Thailand, and praziquantel (PZQ) remains the antihelminthic drug of choice for treatment. Evidence in hamsters shows that repeated infection and PZQ treatments could increase the risk of CCA. However, the existing evidence in humans is inconclusive regarding increased risk of CCA with frequency of PZQ intake. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between number of repeated PZQ treatments and CCA in patients with O viverrini infection. Materials and Methods: The reviewed studies were searched in EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed and SCOPUS from inception to October, 2012 using prespecified keywords. The risk of bias (ROB) of included studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using a quality scale from the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Risk effect of PZQ was estimated as a pooled odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in the random-effects model using DerSimonian and Laird's estimator. Results: Three studies involving 637 patients were included. Based on the random effects model performed in two included studies of 237 patients, the association between PZQ treatments and CCA was not statistical significant with a pooled OR of 1.8 (95%CI; 0.81 to 4.16). Conclusions: The present systematic review and meta-analysis provides inconclusive evidence of risk effect of PZQ on increasing the risk of CCA and significant methodological limitations. Further research is urgently needed to address the shortcomings found in this review, especially the requirement for histological confirmation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.120-126
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• 2018

Background: Treatment of distal humerus fractures in osteoporotic elderly patients is often challenging. For non-reconstructible fractures with open reduction and internal fixation, total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an acceptable alternative. However, the relatively high complication rates and lifelong activity restrictions make TEA less ideal for elderly or low-demand patients. Efforts to identify or develop alternate procedures that benefit relatively young, high-demand patients have resulted in increased interest in hemiarthroplasty. This systematic review reports the clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty for distal humeral fractures. Methods: We systematically reviewed the databases of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. All English-language studies published before June 2017 were considered for possible inclusion. Search terms included 'distal humerus fracture' and 'hemiarthroplasty'. Studies reporting outcomes (and a minimum of 1 year clinical follow-up) in human subjects after hemiarthroplasty (Latitude system) for distal humeral fractures were assessed for inclusion. Patient demographics, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and complications were recorded, and homogenous outcome measures were analyzed. Results: Nine studies with a total of 115 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among the included studies, the weighted mean follow-up time was 35.4 months. Furthermore, the weighted mean of the postoperative range of motion ($107.6^{\circ}$ flexion-extension, $157.5^{\circ}$ for pronation-supination) and functional outcomes (Mayo elbow performance scores: 85.8, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score: 19.6) were within the acceptable range. Conclusions: Our study indicates that hemiarthroplasty is a viable option for comminuted distal humerus fracture. Satisfactory functional outcomes were observed in most patients.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

Purpose 3D 프린팅 기술은 3D 스캔이나 모델링을 통하여 적측가공 방식으로 제작하는 기공기술로서 금형 없이 직접 생산이 가능하고 빠른 시간 내에 제작이 가능하여 최근 다양한 산업분야에서 본격적으로 적용되고 있다. 3D 프린팅 기술은 의료분야에 있어, 영상의학 및 방사선 치료분야에서 다양하게 활용되고 있지만 핵의학 분야에서는 관련 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 기존에 적용되고 있는 핵의학분야 팬텀과 3D 프린팅 기술로 제작된 텀의 특성을 비교하고 적용 가능성을 평가하는데 목적을 두었다. Materials and Methods 방사선 투과도 변화측정 국제기준 팬텀인 알루미늄(Aluminum) 계단 쐐기(step wedge)를 기준($140mm{\times}62mm{\times}35mm$)으로 PMMA(Poly Methyl Meta Acrylate)와 ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)재질로 각각 동일한 크기의 팬텀을 제작하였다. PMMA 팬텀은 핵의학 분야에서 주로 적용되는 팬텀의 성분과 동일한 소재로 제작하였고, ABS 팬텀 제작은 3D 프린팅 기술의 액체 기반형의 SLA(Stereo Lithography Apparatus)기법을 사용하여 제작하였다. 본 연구는 SPECT/CT장비 BrightView XCT(Philips Health Care, Cleveland, USA)를 이용하였다. 영상 획득은 Rectangular Flood phantom(Biodex, New York, USA) $^{99m}TcO_4$ 3, 6 mCi와 $^{57}Co$ lood phantom(adqual, New Hampshire, USA) $^{57}Co$ 20 mCi를 이용하여 Aluminum, PMMA, ABS 팬텀에 대해 60 min 리스트모드(List mode)로 획득하였다. 획득한 영상의 분석을 위해 관심영역(ROI)을 설정하여 각 팬텀의 단계별로 평가하였다. Results 방사선원의 종류 및 방사선량에 따라 ABS 팬텀의 계수치는 PMMA 팬텀의 계수치와 유사한 값을 나타내며, 두께의 증가에 따라 선형적으로 감소하였다. Aluminum, PMMA, ABS 팬텀의 선감약계수를 비교했을 때, Aluminum 팬텀의 선감약계수는 나머지 두 팬텀보다 수치가 높았고, PMMA, ABS 팬텀에서는 근사치의 선감약계수가 나타났다. Conclusion 3D 프린팅 기술로 제작된 ABS 팬텀을 기준으로 PMMA 팬텀은 두께가 증가함에 따른 계수치의 변화가 유사하게 선형적으로 감소하였고, 선감약계수도 근사치로 나타내었다. ABS 팬텀의 핵의학적 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 추후 연구를 통해 세부적인 교정치(correction value)를 적용한다면 활발한 적용이 가능하리라 사료된다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

The new environments arrive such as ICT convergence, cloud computing, and big data, etc., how to take advanta ge of the existing software engineering technologies has become an important key. In addition, the importance of re quirement analysis for secure software and design phase has been shown in the IoT environment While the existing studies have focused on the utilization of the technique applied to IoT environment, the studies for enhancing analys is and design, the prerequisite steps for safely appling these techniques to the site, have been insufficient. So, we tr y to organize research trends based on software engineering and analyze their relationship in this paper. In detail, w e classify the research trends of software engineering to perform research trends meta-analysis, and analyze an ann ual development by years. The flow of the major research is identified by analyzing the correlation of the key word s. We propose the strategies for enhancing the utilization of software engineering techniques to develop high-quality software in the IoT environment.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

We cloned a gene cluster encoding phenanthrene-degrading enzymes on a 6.8-kb Xhol fragment from the Pseudomonas sp. DJ77 chromosomal DNA into the vector pBLUESCRIPT SIC(+). The resultant clone, containing the recombinant plilsmid pHENX7, was able to convert 3-methylcatechol to a yellow mela-cleavage compound. Since the pHENX7R in which the DNA insert was cloned in the opposite orientation lacked extradiol dioxygenase activity. the direction of transcription was established. Four polypeptides, PhnC (24 kDa). PhnD (31 kDa), PhnE (34 kDa). and PhnF (15 kDa), were identified in E coli JM101 transformed with several pHENX7-derived plasmids. The locations and extents of ~ndividual genes were determined by subcloning. The gene order was phnC-phnD-phnE-phnF-phnG, and phnC, phnD, phnE, and phnG genes encoded glutathione S-transferase, mrta-cleavage compound hydrolase, extradiol dioxygenase, mera-cleavage compound dehydrogenase, respectively.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.1 s.97
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• pp.73-80
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• 2005

The purpose of using CBD in the object-oriented modeling is to improve the software capability by reducing iterative time and space complexity. Despites many achievements of CBD, it is needed to study about design patterns and it's standardization for the increment of CBD design reusability. However, it is rather possible that impetuous constructing meta-pattern languages and pattern repositories make adapting patterns to software development more complicate and difficult. By applying GoF design patterns to the design of the TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load) environmental software discipline, this study suggests a method which specifies Pattern names at class names for retrieving, exploring the adapted patterns on the stage of software design without meta-pattern language which is a redundant abstraction, nor additional pattern repositories. Thus, this study can contribute on the reducing iterations and repetitions that are frequently occurred in the process of the environmental software developments.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2006

Problematic behaviors have been among adolescent population in school and home. Problematic behavior manifested in childhood and adolescence is reported to be a good predictor for adult criminal behavior although no clear factor to cause was identified. Based on literature review on this subject, our hypotheses that delinquency and aggressive behaviors are associated with brain information processing and emotionality in adolescents was developed and this study aimed to test these hypotheses. 1,479 male and female middle school students were selected and given the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, Korea Youth Self Report-Child Behavior Check List and Brain Preference Indicator Test. The main results are as follows: 1) Subjects with problematic behavior compared to average students showed a significant difference in sub-variables of emotionality ant the characteristics of brain information processing. 2) Young adolescent's emotionality and brain information processing characteristics have effects on problematic behaviors. 3) However, the effect on aggression and delinquency was different by gender.