• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2022

목적: 본 연구는 79종의 치과 임플란트에 대해 딥러닝을 이용한 식별 모델의 정확도와 임상적 유용성을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 2001년부터 2020년까지 30개 치과에서 임플란트 치료를 받은 환자들의 파노라마 방사선 사진에서 총 45396개의 임플란트 고정체 이미지를 수집했다. 수집된 임플란트 이미지는 18개 제조사의 79개 유형이었다. 모델 학습을 위해 EfficientNet 및 Meta Pseudo Labels 알고리즘이 사용되었다. EfficientNet은 EfficientNet-B0 및 EfficientNet-B4가 하위 모델로 사용되었으며, Meta Pseudo Labels는 확장 계수에 따라 두 가지 모델을 적용했다. EfficientNet에 대해 Top 1 정확도를 측정하고 Meta Pseudo Labels에 대해 Top 1 및 Top 5 정확도를 측정하였다. 결과: EfficientNet-B0 및 EfficientNet-B4는 89.4의 Top 1 정확도를 보였다. Meta Pseudo Labels 1은 87.96의 Top 1 정확도를 보였고, 확장 계수가 증가한 Meta Pseudo Labels 2는 88.35를 나타냈다. Top 5 정확도에서 Meta Pseudo Labels 1의 점수는 97.90으로 Meta Pseudo Labels 2의 97.79보다 0.11% 높았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 임플란트 식별에 사용된 4가지 딥러닝 알고리즘은 모두 90%에 가까운 정확도를 보였다. 임플란트 식별을 위한 딥러닝의 임상적 적용 가능성을 높이려면 더 많은 데이터를 수집하고 임플란트에 적합한 미세 조정 알고리즘의 개발이 필요하다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.732-746
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Soft lining materials, also referred to as tissue conditioning materials, tissue heating materials, relining materials, soft liners or tissue conditioners, were first introduced to dentistry by a plastic manufacturer in 1959. Since the introduction of the materials to the dental field, their material properties have been continually improved through the effort of many researchers. Soft lining materials have become widely accepted, particularly by prosthodontists, because of their numerous clinical advantages and ease of manipulation. Unfortunately, few reports have been issued upon the topic of increasing the bond strength between the base metal alloy used in cast denture bases and PMMA soft liner modified with 4-META, nor upon the pattern of debonding and material change in wet environment like a intra oral situation. Purpose. The purposes of this study were comparing the bond strength between base metal alloy used for the cast denture bases and PMMA soft liner modified with 4-META, and describing the pattern of debonding and material property change in wet environment like the intraoral situation. Material and Methods. This study consisted of four experiments: 1. The in vitro measurement of shear bond strength of the adhesive soft liner. 2. The in vitro measurement of shear bond strength of the adhesive soft liner after 2 weeks of aging. 3. A comparison of debonding patterns. 4. An evaluation the Relation time of modified soft liner. The soft liner used in this study was commercially available as Coe-soft (GC America.IL.,USA), which is provided in forms of powder and liquid. This is a PMMA soft liner commonly used in dental clinics. The metal primer used in this study was 4-META containing primer packed in Meta fast denture base resin (Sun Medical Co., Osaka, Japan). The specimens were formed in a single lap joint desist which is useful for evaluating the apparent shear bond strength of adhesively bonded metal plate by tensile loading. Using the $20{\times}20mm$ transparent grid, percent area of adhesive soft liner remaining on the shear area was calculated to classify the debonding patterns. To evaluate the change of the initial flow of the modified adhesive soft liner, the gelation time was measured with an oscillating rheometer (Haake RS150W/ TC50, Haake Co., Germany). It was a stress control and parallel plate type with the diameter of 35mm. Conclusion. Within the conditions and limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn as follows. 1. There was significant increase of bond strength in the 5% 4-META, 10% 4-META containing groups and in the primer coated groups versus the control group(P<0.05). 2. After 2 weeks of aging, no significant increase in bond strength was found except for the group containing 10% 4-META (P<0.05). 3. The gelation times of the modified soft liner were 9.3 minutes for the 5% 4-META containing liner and 11.5 minutes for the 10% 4-META liner. 4. The debonding patterns of the 4-META containing group after 2 weeks of aging were similar to those of immediaely after preparation, but the debonding pattern of the primer group showed more adhesive failure after 2 weeks of aging.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.497-516
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• 2022

In this study, we tried to devise a method to activate meta-affect in the aspect of supporting mathematics teaching and learning according to the need to find specific strategies and teaching and learning methods to activate learners' meta-affect in mathematics subjects, which are highly influenced by psychological factors. To this end, the definitional and conceptual elements of meta-affect which are the basis of this study, were identified from previous studies. Reflecting these factors, a teaching and learning model that activates meta-affect was devised, and a meta-affect activation strategy applied in the model was constructed. The mathematics teaching and learning model that activates meta-affect developed in this study was refined by verifying its suitability and convenience in the field through expert advice and application of actual mathematics classes. The developed model is meaningful in that it proposed a variety of practical teaching and learning methods that activate the meta-affect of learners in a mathematical learning situation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2009

이 연구에서는 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)와 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) / methyl methacrylate (MMA) & tri-n-butylborane (TBB) 레진을 혼합하여 치근단 역충전 재료로 사용하였을 때의 미세누출을 MTA, 포틀랜드 시멘트와 비교하였다. 발치된 사람 치아의 근관형성 및 충전 후 치근단 절제와 역충전 와동을 형성하였다. MTA, Portland cement, MTA와 4-META/MMA & TBB레진을 혼합한 각각의 재료로 치근단을 역충전한 후 methylene blue dye에 72시간 동안 침적하여 염료가 침투한 길이를 10배 현미경 하에서 측정하였다. MTA와 4-META/MMA & TBB 레진 혼합 충전 군에서는 포틀랜드 시멘트나 MTA 충전군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 적은 미세 누출을 보였으며, 포틀랜드 시멘트와 MTA 충전군의 미세 누출 정도는 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 이 실험의 결과로 보아 MTA와 4-META/MMA & TBB레진 혼합 재료는 치근단 역충전시 포틀랜드 시멘트나 MTA에 비해 낮은 초기 미세누출을 보여, 치근단 봉쇄 효과가 우수한 것으로 사료된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.130-141
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 넓은 pH영역에서도 증점효과를 가지는 카보풀 수지 940, 934를 가지고 중화제(sodium meta silicate, triethylamine)별 겔을 제조하여 10% 과산화요소를 첨가하고, 이에 따른 표백효과를 알아보았다. 실험 결과 메타규산나트륨(sodium meta silicate) 1.6g을 첨가한 실험군에서 표백효과의 최적 조건인 pH 10을 충족시키고 있다. 또한 각군별 대조군 Baseline 색 변화량(${\Delta}E*ab$)과 시간별 색 변화량(${\Delta}E*ab$)을 비교해 보면 1군(카보풀 940, 메카규산나트륨, 과산화요소)은 CS-2에서 112%, CS-4는 63.3%, CS-6은 87.4%의 표백효율을 나타냈으며, 2군(카보풀 934, 메카규산나트륨, 과산화요소; CS-8, CS-10, CS-12)에서는 순서대로 77.3%, 67.3%, 109.%로 나타났다. 그리고 3군(카보풀 940, 트리에탄올아민, 과산화요소;CT-1, CT-3, CT-5)에서 36.8%, 73.2%, 74% 순으로, 4군(카보풀 934, 트리에탄올아민, 과산화요소; CT-6, CT-8, CT-10)에서는 81.7%, 95.4%, 95.7%의 표백효율을 보였다. 따라서 중화제 비율이 증가함에 따라 표백표율이 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었으며 메타규산나트륨을 중화제로 첨가한 것보다 트리에탄올을 중화제로 첨가한 것이 표백효율이 다소 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 실험에 사용된 겔의 점도는 메타규산나트륨을 첨가한 군에서 점도가 트리에탄올아민을 첨가한 겔보다 높았다. 이는 유약이 시유된 경사진 도자기 표면에 표백겔이 흐르지 않고 부착되는 장점이 될 수 있다. 그러므로 10% 과산화요소 표백겔을 만들고자 할 때 메타규산 나트륨을 첨가하면 증점효과와 원하는 표백효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2022

We look at the initial stage of Meta (previous Facebook)'s new metaverse platform and investigate its platform design in pre-launch and ignition life stage. From the Rocket Model (RM)'s theoretical logic, the results reveal that Meta firstly focuses on investing in key content developers by acquiring virtual reality (VR), video, music content firms and offering production support platform of the augmented reality (AR) content, 'Spark AR' last three years (2019~2021) for attracting high-potential developers and users. In terms of three matching criteria, Meta develops an Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered translation software, partners with Microsoft (MS) for cloud computing and AI, and develops an AI platform for realistic avatar, MyoSuite. In 'connect' function, Meta curates the game concept submitted by game developers, welcomes other game and SNS based metaverse apps, and expands Horizon Worlds (HW) on VR devices to PCs and mobile devices. In 'transact' function, Meta offers 'HW Creator Funding' program for metaverse, launches the first commercialized Meta Avatar Store on Meta's conventional SNS and Messaging apps by inviting all fashion creators to design and sell clothing in this store. Mata also launches an initial test of non-fungible token (NFT) display on Instagram and expands it to Facebook in the US. Lastly, regarding optimization, especially in the face of recent data privacy issues that have adversely affected corporate key performance indicators (KPIs), Meta assures not to collect any new data and to make its privacy policy easier to understand and update its terms of service more user friendly.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined the relations between maternal meta-emotion philosophy, child interpersonal problem solving, and peer competence among children aged 4-5 and their mothers and teachers. Methods: A total of 54 children from 24 kindergartens were assessed on their interpersonal problem solving and peer competence. Their mothers reported on meta-emotion philosophy. Their teachers were assessed on child peer competence. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows. First, maternal meta-emotion philosophy, child interpersonal problem solving, and child peer competence showed positive correlation patterns. Second, child interpersonal problem solving and peer competence was found to be influenced by maternal child-directed meta-emotion philosophy but not by maternal self-directed meta-emotion philosophy. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of maternal meta-emotion philosophy and that their emotion socialization play a significant role in identifying the mechanisms leading to child social cognitive ability and social adjustment. Furthermore, these results could lead to important basic studies in developing parent/teacher education programs.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.519-530
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• 2019

선행연구에 의하면 수학 학습활동에서 인지적, 정의적 요소들 사이의 상호작용에 기반하는 메타정의는 메타인지와 유사한 방식으로 학습자의 수학적 능력과 긴밀한 역학적 관련성을 유지한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 특성을 현상학적으로 파악하기 위하여 초등학교 5학년 수학 영재아의 소집단 문제해결 사례를 메타정의적 관점에서 분석하였다. 그 결과 수학 영재아의 인지적, 정의적 특성이 메타정의적 활동을 통해 문제해결 활동에 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 특히 문제해결자의 정의적 역량은 정서나 태도 형태의 메타정의로 문제해결 활동에 작용함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2004

Pseudomonas sp. S-47 is a bacterium capable of degrading benzoate as well as 4-chlorobenzoate (4CBA). Benzoate and 4CBA are known to be degraded via a meta-cleavage pathway characterized by a series of enzymes encoded by xyl genes. The meta-cleavage pathway operon in Pseudomonas sp. S-47 encodes a set of enzymes which transform benzoate and 4CBA into TCA cycle intermediates via the meta-cleavage of (4-chloro )catechol to produce pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. In the current study, the meta-pathway gene cluster was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of S-47 strain to obtain pCS1, which included the degradation activities for 4CBA and catechol. The genetic organization of the operon was then examined by cloning the meta-pathway genes into a pBluescript SKII(+) vector. As such, the meta-pathway operon from Pseudomonas sp. S-47 was found to contain 13 genes in the order of xylXYZLTEGFlQKIH. The two regulatory genes, xylS and xylR, that control the expression of the meta-pathway operon, were located adjacently downstream of the meta-pathway operon. The xyl genes from strain S-47 exhibited a high nucleoside sequence homology to those from Pseudomonas putida mt-2, except for the xylJQK genes, which were more homologous to the corresponding three genes from P. stutzeri AN10. One open reading frame was found between the xylH and xylS genes, which may playa role of a transposase. Accordingly, the current results suggest that the xyl gene cluster in Pseudomonas sp. S-47 responsible for the complete degradation of benzoate was recombined with the corresponding genes from P. putida mt-2 and P. stutzeri AN10.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1994

자연호소의 혐기성 저질을 특정한 chlorophenol(CP)에 적응시킨 후 다른 구조물 가진 CP에 대한 탈염소 특성을 검토하였다. CP에 노출되지 않는 혐기성 저질에서는 mono-CP의 경우 ortho > meta > para-염소의 손으로 di-CP의 경우는 ortho > par > meta- 염소의 순서로 짧은 지체기를 거친 후 탈염소가 발생하였다. Mono-CP 중 2-CP에 적응된 저질은 4-CP와 3,4DCP를 제외하고, 3-CP에 적응시킨 저질은 4-CP를 제외한 모든 시험물질에 대하여 지체기 없이 탈염소 특성을 나타내었다. DCP에 적응된 모든 저질은 2-CP, 2,3,-, 2,4-, and 3,4-DCP를 지체기 없이 탈염소가 발생하지 않았다. 이 결과에서 볼 때 mono-와 di-CP를 탈염소시키는 혐기성 미생물의 종류가 다양함을 알 수 있다.