• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.168-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate correlation between soybean and their products consumption and risk factors for atherosclerosis in the healthyKorean adults. Health behaviors such as smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption and dietary patterns and nutrient intakes of 193 healthy adult subjects aged from 26 to 69 were assessed by using interview and semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The BMI, blood pressure and biochemical parameters of blood were examined as well as preferences for taste and family history of disease. Data were expressed as quartile according to soybean and their products consumption. The average daily soybean and their product consumption for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th percentile group were 36, 78, 112, and 182g, respectively. The more consumption of soybean and their products, the more intake of energy, protein, lipid, fiber, Ca, cholesterol as well as frequency of exercise, smoking and drinking. Serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and AI as risk factors of atherosclerosis were positively correlated with smoking and drinking (p<0.05). Especially, serum TG was positively correlated with hypertension and BMI (p<0.01). But, no correlation between exercise, salty taste, meat preference, soybean products consumption and atherosclerosis risk factors was found, which means that life styles such as smoking and drinking rather than dietary habits might influence atherosclerosis in healthy adults. In conclusion, present soy products consumption should be increased by way of developing new generation soy products in order to exert anti-atherosclerotic effect by soybean in human.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2013

The indiscriminate use of the fossil fuel has caused serious environmental pollutions such as the shortage of energy and global warming. Microalgae have being emphasized as $3^{rd}$ generation biomass which makes the carbon dioxide reduce effectively as well as produces the biofuel. Large scale production of microbial biomass by continuous culture is a quite challenging issue, because off-line optimization strategies of a microbial process utilizing a model-based scheme give rise to many difficult problems. In this paper, the static and simple control method which was able to be applied in time-variant growth environment and large scale of algae culture was studied. The significant disturbances in on-line measurement of cell density were reduced by Savitzky-Golay FIR smoothing filter. Dunaliella salina was cultivated continuously in a flat panel photobioreactor by the on-off control of the turbidostat process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.759-766
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• 2013

As passive safety features for nuclear power plants receive increasing attention, various studies have been conducted to develop safety systems for 3rd-generation (GEN-III) nuclear power plants that are driven by passive systems. The Passive Auxiliary Feedwater System (PAFS) is one of several passive safety systems being designed for the Advanced Power Reactor Plus (APR+), and extensive studies are being conducted to complete its design and to verify its feasibility. Because the PAFS removes decay heat from the reactor core under transient and accident conditions, it is necessary to evaluate the heat removal capability of the PAFS under hypothetical accident conditions. The heat removal capability of the PAFS is strongly dependent on the heat transfer at the condensate tube in Passive Condensation Heat Exchanger (PCHX). To evaluate the model of heat transfer coefficient for condensation, the Multi-dimensional Analysis of Reactor Safety (MARS) code is used to simulate the experimental results from PAFS Condensing Heat Removal Assessment Loop (PASCAL). The Shah model, a default model for condensation heat transfer coefficient in the MARS code, under-predicts the experimental data from the PASCAL. To improve the calculation result, The Thome model and the new version of the Shah model are implemented and compared with the experimental data.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-96
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• 2015

This paper deals with the annulment of the ICSID(International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes) arbitral award. The annulment of the ICSID is characterized by the fact that it can be made possible through the special committee of ICSID only. The annulment of the ICSID was constructed on the premise that it is not an appeal procedure. However in the initial period, it was strongly criticized as it allowed new trials or duplicated many of the functions of an appeal and it broke down the boundary between the two systems. Although the trend seemed to be corrected through its 2nd and 3rd generations, it was still criticized for functioning as a new trial. It is approaching its 4th generation. On the other hand, with the activation of investment agreement arbitration based on ICSID and FTA, a certain degree of consistency is required for the ICSID arbitralaward. Also, with the emphasis on the public features of the arbitration for the investment agreement, the necessity of an appeal system is presented. The ICSID Secretariat published the "Opinion on the Appeal Procedure" in 2004 but as the system was criticized as too early due to the cost allocation problem and others, its adoption of an appeal procedure has been delayed. This paper focuses on how the currently incomplete ICSID arbitration judgment annulment system shall be used. Although it is still hardto expect the quality and consistent arbitral award annulment in the ICSID, this paper suggests that the "annulment without the actual new trial" using the restricted authority of a special commission in a creative way shall be pursued rather than just the actual new trial with or without annulment, thus going back to the original concept of the ICSID arbitral award annulment.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 1998

Cefixime is an orally absorbed 3rd generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is highly resistant to $\beta-lactamase$ degradation. This study was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of a new test drug of cefixime (100 mg/capsule) relative to the reference drug. The bioavailability was conducted on 20 healthy volunteers who received a single dose (400 mg) of the test and the reference drugs in the fasting state, in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 12 hours. Plasma was analyzed for cefixime by a sensitive and validated HPLC assay. The major pharmacokinetic parameters $(AUC_{0-12hr},\;C_{max},\;T_{max})$ were calculated from the plasma concentration-time data of each volunteer. The $AUC_{0-12hr},\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ of the test drug were $36.91\pm11.85\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml,\;5.47\pm1.61\;{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;4.00\pm0.65\;hr,$ respectively, and those of the reference drug were $34.08\pm8.81\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml,\;5.25\pm1.40\;{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;4.20\pm0.62\;hr$, respectively. Mean differences of those parameters were 8.32, 4.29, and $4.76\%$, respectively, and the least significant differences at $\alpha$=0.05 for $AUC_{0-12hr},\;C_{max},\;T_{max}$ were 16.02, 13.78, and $11.76\%$, respectively. In conclusion, the test drug was bioequivalent with the reference drug.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.43-72
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• 2010

The Korean mobile telecommunication service market is faced with a tremendous competitive period, in which the market is entering into the maturity stage with launching of the 3rd generation service and with introduction of mobile number portability. In general, it is more important to sustain the old customers than to attracting new customers, as the life cycle of an industry is entering the maturity stage in which the growth rate of new customers is decreasing gradually or becoming stagnant. Until now, many researches had tested whether the customer satisfaction and loyalty were the core factors of sustaining customers or not. Also service quality and switching cost were given a remarkable attention for their possibility of exogenous factors, which could exercise effects to customer satisfaction and loyalty. In the same context, mobile telecommunication business has to seek a way to maintain the existing customers instead of promoting new customers. So this study investigates whether the service quality and switching barrier of mobile telecommunication could have effects on the customer satisfaction and loyalty, which are recognized as an efficient means to sustain the current customers. In order to test the hypothesis on the effects of service quality and switching barrier of mobile telecommunication to customer satisfaction and loyalty in Korean telecommunication industry, this study collected the questionnaire response data of students including middle and high school students and undergraduates, who are regarded as the major customers in that mobile telecommunication industry.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.252-260
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• 2022

In Korea, low-quality kaolin has significantly greater reserves and superior economic efficiency than high-purity kaolin. However, the utilization is low because it does not match the demand conditions of the market, and it is difficult to find a suitable source of demand. The purpose of this study is to derive the possibility and optimal calcination temperature of domestic low-quality kaolin that can be used as a raw material for limestone plastic clay cement (LC³). Isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and compressive strength tests were conducted to evaluate hydrate generation and mechanical properties of LC³ paste according to calcination temperatures (600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃). As a result, although 50 % of the clinker was replaced, the domestic low-quality kaolin clay produced calboaluminate hydrate and C(A)SH from the 3rd day of hydration, showing almost equal or higher strength to OPC, and there was a big difference in strength depending on the firing temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2016

To reduce the mechanical energy loss and to get the high energy efficiency, an apparatus of wave power generation inducing a consistent one way rotating motion from the wave reciprocation motions was developed and the hydraulic experiments for the real electric power production were conducted and the results were discussed. In the experiments for the shape of the buoyant tank, the efficiency of the fixed 9 cm diameter type enduring the wave plate weight was 14.6% and this was the best result for all shapes. But although the free sliding type was expected to represent a high efficiency, the experiments did not show a good result as 8.5% efficiency. Therefore, the shape of buoyant tank was decided as the fixed 9 cm diameter type in the next all tests. In the experiments for the various incident waves, when the water depth was 90 cm, the average efficiencies were measured as 3.9% in the 2nd gear, 4.9% in the 3rd gear, 4.9% in the 4th gear, 12.0% in the 5th gear, 10.0% in the 6th gear, 3.1% in the 7th gear, and 3.0% in the 8th gear. Also, when the water depth was 80 cm, the average efficiency was shown as 15.0% with 5th gear condition. Therefore the high average efficiency as 13.5% was given with 80~90 cm water depth and the 5th gear in the model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2016

This paper reports the results of an in-depth study on sensitivity analysis based on promoting activities, the relative importance and priority setting in their sub-elements by AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. For this purpose, lifelong education experts, education administrators, lifelong educators from Daejeon lifelong education organizations participated in this Priority Analysis on the Lifelong Education Enhancing Plan using the AHP. The analysis resulted in the relative importance of promoting activities; 1) realizing of lifelong education system oriented by universities, 2) setting up the integrated online and offline lifelong education, 3) strengthening the lifelong education of local universities, 4) offering customized lifelong education by generation and target group, 5) strengthening the lifelong education of local governments, and 6) advancing the quality of lifelong education by focusing on the professionalism and transparency. This suggests that realization of a lifelong education system oriented by universities and the reorganization of an university system for adult learners have greater importance among other tasks and elements in carrying out the 3rd lifelong education enhancing plan.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.5C
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• pp.527-539
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose an asynchonous ICI (Inter-Cell Interference) mitigation techniques for 3GPP LTE MIMO-OFDMA down-link receiver. An increasing in symbol timing misalignments may occur relative to sychronous network as the result of BS (Base Station) timing differences. Such symbol synchronization errors that exceed the guard interval or the cyclic prefix duration may result in MAI (Multiple Access Interference) for other carriers. In particular, at the cell boundary, this MAI becomes a critical factor, leading to degraded channel throughput and severe asynchronous ICI. Hence, many researchers have investigated the interference mitigation method in the presence of asynchronous ICI and it appears that the knowledge of the SCM (Spatial Covariance Matrix) of the asynchronous ICI plus background noise is an important issue. Generally, it is assumed that the SCM estimated by using training symbols. However, it is difficult to measure the interference statistics for a long time and training symbol is also not appropriate for MIMO-OFDMA system such as LTE. Therefore, a noise reduction method is required to improve the estimation accuracy. Although the conventional time-domain low-pass type weighting method can be effective for noise reduction, it causes significant estimation error due to the spectral leakage in practical OFDM system. Therefore, we propose a time-domain sinc type weighing method which can not only reduce the noise effectively minimizing estimation error caused by the spectral leakage but also implement frequency-domain moving average filter easily. By using computer simulation, we show that the proposed method can provide up to 3dB SIR gain compared with the conventional method.