• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) on fat metabolism were performed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The effects of GL on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation were also examined. Our results showed that GL decreased the TG content by ORO staining. To elucidate the mechanism of the effects of GL on lowering TG content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we examined whether GL modulate the expressions of transcription factors and adipokines related to control of energy expenditure process because adipokines regulate adipocyte mass and increased expenditure may consume much TG in adipocytes. As a result, the expression of C/$EBP{\beta}$, C/$EBP{\delta}$, C/$EBP{\alpha}$, and $PPAR{\gamma}$, genes, which induce the adipose differentiation and adipose-specific FAS, aP2, and adipsin genes, which compose fat formation were decreased. In addition, GL increased the expression of leptin, UCP2, adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, resulting in energy homeostasis. In conclusion, GL could regulate transcript factor related to induction of adipose differentiation and control TG content by up-regulation of adipokines related to fat burn.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2007

Objectives In recent years, we are concerned about anti-aging and longevity. And I heard that Mori Fructus has been used for promotion of health in local clinics. So I wanted to know immuno-ability of Mori Fructus and carried out this experiment. Methods We cultivated 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Protein chip used for $ProteoPlex^{TM}$ 16-Well Murine Cytokine Array Kit. Results We known the immunity of Mori Fructus about 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and gained the increase of Cytokines(IL-2, IL-4, IL-12p70, GM-CSF, INF-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$). Conclusions So I guess that Mori Fructus has effect of immuno-ability, etc.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2013

The current study was carried out to determine the effects of Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) on proliferation and differentiation of pig preadipocytes and $_3T_3-L_1$ cells. Pig preadipocytes were isolated from the backfat of the new-born pigs. Twenty-four hours after seeding, the cells were washed with DMEM/F-12 (designated day 0). To measure the cell proliferation, the cells were treated with 25 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml ethanol extracts of Kohlrabi (peel and flesh) for two days (day 0 ~ 2). To measure differentiation, the cells were treated with Kohlrabi for two days (day 0 ~ 2) and cell differentiation was measured on day 6. Twenty-five ng/ml and 100 ng/ml of Kohlrabi peel decreased proliferation of pig preadipocytes by 4.59% and 17.7%, respectively, compared with the control and Kohlrabi flesh by 11.4% and 19.2%, respectively. However, Kohlrabi did not inhibit cell differentiation. To measure the effects of Kohlrabi on proliferation and differentiation of $_3T_3-L_1$ cells, the cells were treated with Kohlrabi for two days in culture, like pig preadipocytes. Kohlrabi (both peel and flesh) did not show any effects on cell proliferation and differentiation. In summary, the results of the current study showed that Kohlrabi decreased proliferation of pig preadipocytes, but no inhibitory effects on differentiation of the cells. Kohlrabi had no effects on proliferation and differentiation of $_3T_3-L_1$ cells.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.417-424
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor Nakai (LMTN) on glucose metabolism. LMTN extract significantly enhanced the glucose uptake and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared with control. Also, LMTN extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, insulin receptor substrate-1, and glucose transporter (GLUT)4. The regulatory effect on glucose uptake or insulin signal transduction of LMTM extract was lower than troglitazone or pinitol such as the positive control, but increased PPARγ activation. Additionally, LMTM extract has an insulin-mimetic effect. In db/db mice, LMTN extract (250 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced water and food intake, blood glucose, and level of plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol. Furthermore, the expression of PPARã and GLUT4 mRNA in adipose or muscle tissue effectively was increased by oral treatment of LMTN extract. Thus, our results suggest that LMTN extract improves the glucose metabolism through PPARγ and insulin-mimetic effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and db/db mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2018

Obesity is epidemic worldwide and has reportedly been linked to the progression of several metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The natural products are decreasing the side effects of medicines used for obesity and also have health benefits dut to their numerous bioactive compounds. In this context, Artemisia scoparia is a widespread plant that has been suggested as possessing various types of bioactivity. In this study, the crude extract from A. scoparia (ASE) was tested for its ability to suppress adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. The molecular pathway by which ASE affects differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was also investigated. The introduction of ASE to differentiating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes resulted in suppressed adipogenesis, as confirmed by decreased intracellular lipid accumulation. The differentiating cells treated with 10 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of ASE showed 21.9 and 29.0% less lipid accumulation, respectively, than untreated adipocytes. In addition, the results indicated that ASE treatment lowered the expression of the adipogenesis-related factors $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and SREBP-1c. Furthermore, treating with ASE notably decreased levels of phosphorylated p38, ERK, and JNK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results indicate that ASE exhibits significant anti-adipogenesis activity by downregulating the MAPK and $PPAR{\gamma}$ pathways during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Therefore, A. scoparia may be a potential source of natural products against obesity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2018

Objectives : Plantaginis asiaticae Folium (PA) has been widely used in Korean medicine for treatment of liver disease, stomach troubles and inflammation. We investigated the effect of PA on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 according to extraction conditions. Methods : The MTT assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of PA extracted by different solvents (water, 50% ethanol, and 95% ethanol) on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oil red O staining was used to identify intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with PA at concentration ranging in 0.1, 0.2 and $0.4mg/m{\ell}$. PA was extracted by different extraction conditions such as extraction solvents, extraction time, and extraction temperature. In addition, UPLC analysis was used for determination of candidates of active ingredients in PA. Results : 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with PA extracted by different solvents (water, 50% ethanol, and 95% ethanol) and there was no cytotoxicity. Oil red O staining was employed to identify the effect of PA on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1. In the present study, PA water extraction at $70^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours decreased greatly in lipid accumulation. The range of concentrations was 0.1, 0.2 and $0.4mg/m{\ell}$. Concentration at $0.2mg/m{\ell}$ was the most effective one among them. Candidates of active ingredients in PA were shown plantamajoside and acteoside through UPLC. Conclusions : These results suggest that the effect of PA water extraction at $70^{\circ}C$ on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 is superior to other extraction conditions. We suppose that plantamajoside and acteoside may be candidates of active ingredients in PA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.403-403
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 강우시 도로지역에서 발생하는 비점오염물질 유출 및 수질특성을 살펴보고자 도로지역(국도 46호선)을 대상으로 총 16회의 강우사상에 대해 분석하였다. 모니터링 기간(2014년 5월~9월)동안 연구대상지역에는 3.2~80.3 mm의 강우가 발생하였으며, 강우강도는 0.39~11.29 mm/hr의 범위로 나타났다. 선행무강우일수는 0.3~20.1일이며, 총 유출량은 0.1~6.8 ㎥, 유출율은 0.24~0.85(평균 0.6)의 범위로 나타났다. 강우 모니터링 결과, 유량가중평균농도(Event Mean Concentration, EMC)는 TOC 4.9~56.2 mg/L(평균 18.0 mg/L), BOD 3.1~21.5 mg/L(평균 7.5 mg/L), COD 6.7~58.6 mg/L(평균 23.6 mg/L), SS 2.1~281.9 mg/L(평균 59.4 mg/L), T-N 1.07~13.46 mg/L(평균 4.89 mg/L) 그리고 T-P 0.065~0.680 mg/L(평균 0.23 mg/L)의 범위로 나타났으며, 강우계급별로 살펴보면 0~10 mm일 때 BOD 9.3 mg/L, COD 30.5 mg/L, SS 84.1 mg/L, T-N 5.42 mg/L, T-P 0.27 mg/L로, 10~30 mm일 때 BOD 6.6 mg/L, COD 22.0 mg/L, SS 29.0 mg/L, T-N 4.9 mg/L, T-P 0.20 mg/L로, 50 mm 이상의 강우에서는 BOD 3.6 mg/L, COD 7.1 mg/L, SS 46.4 mg/L, T-N 3.42 mg/L, T-P 0.10 mg/L로 강우계급별 EMC는 대부분 수질항목에 있어 10 mm 이하 계급의 평균 EMC가 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 그리고 각 강우사상에 대한 단위면적당 오염부하는 TOC 0.06~3.5 kg/ha, $BOD_5$ 0.03~1.6 kg/ha, CODMn 0.09~4.74 kg/ha, SS 0.09~35.99 kg/ha, T-N 0.012~2.600 kg/ha, T-P 0.001~0.062 kg/ha의 범위로 산정되었다. 도로지역은 불투수층 면적비율이 높아 누적강우량 10 mm 이하에서도 유출이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 작은 강우에도 초기유출이 발생하고 유출되는 오염물질 농도가 높은 경향을 나타내었다.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

Objectives : Daesiho-tang (DSHT) has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarct in traditional medicine. However, there was not report on the anti-obesity-related diseases efficacy of DSHT. In this study, we investigated the effects for the new formulation of DSHT, on the adipocyte differentiation cycle in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods : 3T3-L1 cells were treated with DSHT (50, 100, $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) during differentiation for 6 days. Also, the inhibitory effect of DSHT against 3T3-L1 adipogenesis was evaluated in various stage of adipogenesis such as early (0-2day), intermediate (2-4day), and terminal stage (4-6day). The accumulation of lipid droplets was determined by Oil Red O staining. and, the expressions of genes related to adipogenesis were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Results : DSHT showed inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation at 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without affect cell toxicity as assessed by measuring fat accumulation and adipogenesis. In addition, DSHT significantly reduced the expression levels of several adipocyte marker genes including proliferator activated $receptor-{\gamma}$ ($PPAR-{\gamma}$) and CCAAT/ enhancer-binding $protein-{\alpha}$ ($C/EBP-{\alpha}$). Also, the anti-adipogenic effect of DSHT was strongly limited in the intermediate (2-4 day), terminal stage (4-6 day) of 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. In addition, the DSHT treatment down- regulated mRNA expression levels of $PPAR-{\gamma}$,, $C/EBP-{\alpha}$ in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusions : These results suggest that, the ability of DSHT has inhibited overall adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cells. The new formulation of DSHT may be a promising medicine for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.358-367
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• 1998

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects of the various aqua-aqupunctures of Hwanggum(Scutellariae Radix) on the proliferation of 3T3-Ll cells. They were tested by means of Sulforhodamin B(SRB) assay. The results were summerized as follows: All tested aqua-aqupunctures inhibited the proliferation of preadipose 3T3-Ll cells. In case of the dilution of Hwanggum aqua-aqupuncture(HG), the results were quite opposite. In 1000 times dilution of HG(${\times}1000$), a low concentration increased the proliferation of preadipose 3T3-Ll cells, but the high($100{\mu}l\;and\;200{\mu}l$) concentration inhibited it. These results suggest that Hwanggum aqua-aqupunctures may be used on the obesity induced by the overgrowth of preadipose 3T3-Ll cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1600-1605
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• 2008

This study was performed to verify the gene expression of 3T3-L1 using the siRNA of the aromatase gene, which is the estrogen synthesis enzymes. First of all three pairs of siRNA were designed from the CYP19A1 (aromatase) and analyzed the formation of fat cell mechanism by transferring gene to 3T3-L1 and differentiating it. As a result, the expression of leptin gene, which is the main gene causing the obesity, was controlled and the cause of the obesity is related with the insulin specifically. The overexpression of adiponectin and adipsin was observed. This result showed that the formation of the fat was controlled a little without any side effect by obstructing a specific material out of all the signal systems in the fat formation. This study will be an important clue to make it clear that the lack or overexpression of estrogen might be the cause of fat formation mechanism.