• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.122-133
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigating whether lncRNA H19 promotes myocardial fibrosis by suppressing the miR-29a-3p/miR-29b-3p-VEGFA/TGF-β axis. Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and healthy volunteers were included in the study, and their biochemical parameters were collected. In addition, pcDNA3.1-H19, si-H19, and miR-29a/b-3p mimic/inhibitor were transfected into cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and proliferation of CFs was detected by MTT assay. Expression of H19 and miR-29a/b-3p were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, collagen II, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and elastin were measured by western blot analysis. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to detect the sponging relationship between H19 and miR-29a/b-3p in CFs. Compared with healthy volunteers, the level of plasma H19 was significantly elevated in patients with AF, while miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p were markedly depressed (P < 0.05). Serum expression of lncRNA H19 was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p among patients with AF (r_s = -0.337, r_s = -0.236). Moreover, up-regulation of H19 expression and down-regulation of miR-29a/b-3p expression facilitated proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins. SB431542 and si-VEGFA are able to reverse the promotion of miR-29a/b-3p on proliferation of CFs and ECM-related protein synthesis. The findings of the present study suggest that H19 promoted CF proliferation and collagen synthesis by suppressing the miR-29a-3p/miR-29b-3p-VEGFA/TGF-β axis, and provide support for a potential new direction for the treatment of AF.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 1991

저자는 연령을 추정하기 위한 기본자료를 얻기 위하여 상하악의 대구치, 소구치의 발육정도를 평가하였다. Orthopantomograph를 촬영한 722명의 3,464개 치아를 대상으로 crown-root ratio를 측정하여 발육정도를 평가하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 완전히 형성된 치아의 crown-root ration에는 남녀간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2. 발육중인 치아의 crown-root ratio에는 좌우측간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 각 치아의 crown-root ratio를 이용한 연령추정의 회귀방정식은 다음과 같다. 남자: 여자 : 하악좌측 제 2대구치 : Y=4.599X+7.832(r=0.8337) 하악 좌측 제 2대구치 : Y=4.857X+7.429(r=0.8975) 제 1대구치 : Y=5.179X+2.324(r=0.7948) 제 1대구치 : Y=5.919X+2.018(r=0.8144) 제 2소구치 : Y=3.863X+7.432(r=0.8638) 제 2소구치 : Y=3.679X+7.275(r=0.8819) 제 1소구치 : Y=3.472X+7.120(r=0.8352) 제 1소구치 : Y=4.001X+6.544(r=0.9024) 하악우측 제 2대구치 : Y=4.447X+7.938(r=0.8045) 하악 우측 제 2대구치 : Y=4.653X+7.365(r=0.8598) 제 1대구치 : Y=5.954X+1.495(r=0.7777) 제 1대구치 : Y=5.449X+2.012(r=0.7553) 제 2소구치 : Y=3.894X+7.253(r=0.8689) 제 2소구치 : Y=3.772X+7.025(r=0.8719) 제 1소구치 : Y=4.189X+6.717(r=0.8370) 제 1소구치 : Y=4.327X+6.193(r=0.8524) 상악좌측 제 2대구치 : Y=4.430X+7.722(r=0.7538) 상악 좌측 제 2대구치 : Y=4.876X+7.606(r=0.8311) 제 1대구치 : Y=4.645X+2.886(r=0.6894) 제 1대구치 : Y=6.754X+1.891(r=0.5378) 제 2소구치 : Y=4.391X+6.686(r=0.7700) 제 2소구치 : Y=1.245X+10.575(r=0.1908) 제 1소구치 : Y=5.564X+6.037(r=0.9032) 제 1소구치 : - 상악우측 제 2대구치 : Y=4.587X+7.966(r=0.7882) 상악 우측 제 2대구치 : Y=4.454X+7.803(r=0.8443) 제 1대구치 : Y=4.047X+4.124(r=0.6352) 제 1대구치 : Y=6.336X+2.911(r=0.4688) 제 2소구치 : Y=2.920X+8.089(r=0.7277) 제 2소구치 : Y=3.105X+8.082(r=0.6381) 제 1소구치 : Y=3.264X+6.970(r=0.7292) 제 1소구치 : - 4. Orthopantomograph상의 crown-root ratio를 이용한 연령의 추정에는 상악치아들 보다 하악치아들이 더 정확하게 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2003

When ginsenoside $R_{*}$b1/ and $R_{b2}$ were anaerobically incubated with human fecal microflora, these ginsenosides were metabolized to compound K (IH-901). When ginsenoside $R_{g3}$ was anaerobically incubated with human fecal microflora, the ginsenoside $R_{g3}$ was metabolized it to ginsenoside $R_{h2}$. Among ginsenosides, IH-901 and 20(S)-ginsenoside $R_{h2}$ exhibited the most potent cyotoxicity against tumor cells: 50% cytotoxic concentrations of IH-901 in the media with and without fetal bovine serum (FBS) were 27.1-31.6 $\mu$M and 0.1-0.61 $\mu$M, and those of 20(S)-ginsenoside $R_{h2}$ were 37.5->50 and 0.7-7.1 $\mu$M, respectively. The cytotoxic potency of ginsenosides was IH-901>20(S)-ginsenoside R $h_{h2}$》20(S)-ginsenoside $R_{g3}$>ginsenoside $R_{b1}$(equation omitted) $R_{b2}$.EX>$R_{b2}$./.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2008

The evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of R-22 and R-407C in horizontal copper tubes were investigated experimentally. The main components of therefrigerant loop are a receiver, a compressor, a mass flow meter, a condenser and a double pipe type evaporator (test section). The test section consists of a smooth copper tube of 4.3 mm and 6.4 mm inner diameter. The refrigerant mass fluxes were varied from 100 to $300[kg/m^2s]$ and the saturation temperature of evaporator were 5 [$^{\circ}C$]. The evaporation heat transfer coefficients of R-22 and R-407C rise with the increase in mass flux and vapor quality. The evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R-22 for inner diameter tube of 4.3 mm and 6.4 mm is about $7.3{\sim}47.1%$ and $5.68{\sim}46.6%$ higher than that of R-407C, respectively.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2002

In this paper we will show that the followings ; (1) Let R be a regular local ring of dimension n. Then $A_{n-2}$(R) = 0. (2) Let R be a regular local ring of dimension n and I be an ideal in R of height 3 such that R/I is a Gorenstein ring. Then [I] = 0 in $A_{n-3}$(R). (3) Let R = V[[ $X_1$, $X_2$, …, $X_{5}$ ]]/(p+ $X_1$$^{t1}$ + $X_2$$^{t2}$ + $X_3$$^{t3}$ + $X_4$$^2$+ $X_{5}$ $^2$/), where p $\neq$2, $t_1$, $t_2$, $t_3$ are arbitrary positive integers and V is a complete discrete valuation ring with (p) = mv. Assume that R/m is algebraically closed. Then all the Chow group for R is 0 except the last Chow group.group.oup.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 1988

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied for regional geological mapping to a multivariate data set of the Landsat TM data in the heavily vegetated and topographically rugged Chungju area. The multivariate data set selection was made by statistical analysis based on the magnitude of regression of squares in multiple regression, and it includes R1/2/R3/4, R2/3, R5/7/R4/3, R1/2, R3/4. R4/3. AND R4/5. As a result of application of PCA, some of later principal components (in this study PC 3 and PC 5) are geologically more significant than earlier major components, PC 1 and PC 2 herein. The earlier two major components which comprise 96% of the total information of the data set, mainly represent reflectance of vegetation and topographic effects, while though the rest represent 3% of the total information which statistically indicates the information unstable, geological significance of PC3 and PC5 in the study implies that application of the technique in more favorable areas should lead to much better results.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.150-156
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• 1997

A precursor of bulgecinine, (4S,5R)-1-acetyl-2-formyl-5-benzyloxymethyl-4-pyrrolidinol (15) has been synthesized from diacetone-D-glucose. Barton deoxygenation, conversion to an L-sugar and displacement with $N_3^-$ at C-5, and one-pot reductive cyclization at C-2 produced (6R)-6-Ο-benzyloxymethyl-(3R)-3-methoxy-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo-[2,2,1]heptane(13), a key intermediate for bulgecinine. N-Acetylation and acid hydrolysis of 13 furnished a precursor of bulgecinine, (2S,4S,5R)-pyrrolidinol derivative 15 and its (2R,4S,5R)-diastereomer.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.615-620
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• 2001

E $r_2$ $O_3$-MgO 복합 첨가가 BaTi $O_3$계 내환원성 X7R 재질의 유전특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 환원성 분위기에서 연구하였다. (B $a_{1-x}$ E $r_{x}$)( $Ti_{1-y}$M $g_{y}$ ) $O_3$첨가계에서 1.0 mol% 이상 MgO의 복합첨가로 E $r_{Ba}$ 도너 불순물과 $Mg_{Ti}$ 억셉터 불순물이 전기적으로 보상되어, 환원성분위기 소결 후에도 $10^{10}$Ωcm 이상의 높은 절연저항을 나타내었다. E $r_2$ $O_3$가 첨가된 시편에서 MgO가 2.0 mol% 이상 첨가될 경우, 유전율의 온도안정성이 향상되어 X7R 규격을 만족시켰으며 1.0$mu extrm{m}$ 이하의 작고 균일한 입자가 관찰되었다. 한편, E $r_2$ $O_3$의 첨가량이 3.0 mol%로 증가함에 따라 유전율의 온도안정성이 향상되었으나 상대적으로 상온 유전상수값이 현저히 감소하였다.였다.다.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.79-91
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify the meaningful nursing diagnosis in maternity unit and to suggest formally the basal data to the nursing service with scientific approach. The subject for this paper were 64 patients who admitted to Chung Ang University Hospital, Located in Seoul, from Mar. 10, to July 21, 1993. The results were as follows: 1. The number of nursing diagnosis from 64 patients were 892 and average number of nursing diagnosis per patient was 13.9. 2. Applying the division of nursing diagnosis to Roy's Adaptation Model, determined nursing diagnosis from the 64 patients were 621 (69.6%) in physiological adaptation mode and (Comfort, altered r/t), (Injury, potential for r/t), (Infection, potential for r/t), (Bowel elimination, altered patterns r/t), (Breathing pattern, ineffective r/t), (Nutrition, altered r/t less than body requirement) in order, and 139 (15.6%) in role function mode, (Self care deficit r/t), (Knowledge deficit r/t), (Mobility, impaired physical r/t) in order, 122 (13.7%) in interdependence adaptation mode, (Anxiety r/t), (Family Process, altered r/t) in order, 10(1.1%) in self concept adaptation mode, (Powerlessness r/t), (Grieving, dysfunctional r/t) in order. 3. Nursing diagnosis in maternity unit by the medical diagnosis, the average hospital dates were 3.8 days in normal delivery and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/t) 64.6%, (Self care deficit r/t) 13.6% in order, and the average hospital dates were 9.6 days in cesarean section delivery and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/t) 51.6%, (Self care deficit r/t) 15.2%, (Infection, potential for r/t) 9.9%, (Injury, potential "for r/t) 8.1%, (Anxiety r/t) 5.0%, (Mobility, impaired physical r/t) 3.3% in order, and the average hospital dates were 15.8days in preterm labor and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/ t), (Anxiety r/t), (Injury, potential for r/t) in order, and the average short-term hospital dates were 2.5days, long-term hospital dates were 11.5days in gynecologic diseases and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/t). (Self care deficit r/t), (Injury, potential for r/t), (Infection, potential for r/t) in order.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1647-1659
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• 2008

Let R be a ring with identity, X the set of all nonzero, nonunits of R and G the group of all units of R. First, we investigate some connected conditions of the zero-divisor graph $\Gamma(R)$ of a noncommutative ring R as follows: (1) if $\Gamma(R)$ has no sources and no sinks, then $\Gamma(R)$ is connected and diameter of $\Gamma(R)$, denoted by diam($\Gamma(R)$) (resp. girth of $\Gamma(R)$, denoted by g($\Gamma(R)$)) is equal to or less than 3; (2) if X is a union of finite number of orbits under the left (resp. right) regular action on X by G, then $\Gamma(R)$ is connected and diam($\Gamma(R)$) (resp. g($\Gamma(R)$)) is equal to or less than 3, in addition, if R is local, then there is a vertex of $\Gamma(R)$ which is adjacent to every other vertices in $\Gamma(R)$; (3) if R is unit-regular, then $\Gamma(R)$ is connected and diam($\Gamma(R)$) (resp. g($\Gamma(R)$)) is equal to or less than 3. Next, we investigate the graph automorphisms group of $\Gamma(Mat_2(\mathbb{Z}_p))$ where $Mat_2(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ is the ring of 2 by 2 matrices over the galois field $\mathbb{Z}_p$ (p is any prime).