• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2013

D하수처리장의 송풍량을 효과적으로 조절하는 시스템을 구축하기 위해 2011년 1월 1일부터 2012년 8월 31일까지 포기조 DO 농도를 평균 2.1 mg/L로 유지하면서 유입유량, 유입농도, 유입부하, 수온, F/M비, 생물반응조의 MLSS 농도 변화에 따른 송풍량 변화를 검토하였다. 그 결과 동일한 DO 농도를 유지하기 위한 송풍량 변화폭은 매우 크며, 송풍량 산정을 결정하는 주요 인자는 수온, F/M비, $BOD_5$ 유입 부하, T-N 유입 부하로 나타났다. 그 중 가장 큰 영향을 주는 지표는 수온으로 수온 $1^{\circ}C$ 증가는 $45.8m^3/h$의 송풍량을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 계절의 영향이 반영된 것으로 사료 된다. 하절기에는 유입 유량증가, 낮은 MLSS농도, F/M비 증가의 영향과, 동절기에는 유입 유량감소, 높은 MLSS농도, F/M비 감소 등의 영향이 송풍량에 반영되어, 수온 변화에 따른 필요 송풍량 변화를 더욱 가중시킨 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 호기조 송풍량 산정 시에는 유입유량, 유입 $BOD_5$농도, 유입 T-N농도 및 생물반응조의 MLSS농도 중 하나의 인자를 이용하는 것보다, 유입부하나 F/M비로 연산하여 접근이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 1991

In [3], [4] and [5], Hochster and Huneke introduced the notions of the tight closure of an ideal and of the weak F-regularity of a ring. This notion enabled us to give new proofs of many results in commutative algebra. A regular ring is known to be F-regular, and a Gorenstein local ring is proved to be F-regular provided that one ideal generated by a system of parameters (briefly s.o.p.) is tightly closed. In fact, a Gorenstein local ring is weakly F-regular if and only if there exists a system of parameters ideal which is tightly closed [3]. But we do not know whether this fact is true or not if a ring is not Gorenstein, in particular, a ring is a Cohen Macaulay (briefly C-M) local ring. In this paper, we will prove this in the case of an 1-dimensional C-M local ring. For this, we study the F-rationality and the normality of the ring. And we will also prove that a C-M local ring is to be Gorenstein under some additional condition about the tight closure.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2008

경기도내 주요 상추 시설재배지에서의 Fusarium 시들음병 발생을 2006년과 2007년에 걸쳐 조사한 결과 3월부터 11월까지 발생하였으며, 특히 여름철에 발병주율이 크게 증가하였다. 발병된 상추는 잎이 황화되고 포기 전체가 위축되는 증상을 보였고, 줄기 부위에 뚜렷한 도관부 갈변 증상이 관찰되었다. 시들음증상을 나타내는 상추 줄기에서 Fusarium균을 분리하였고, 균학적 특징을 분석했을 때 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae로 동정되었다. 분리된 F. oxysporum을 토양에 접종한 결과 뿌리를 통해 쉽게 균사가 침입하였고, 점차 도관부를 통해 전체 줄기로 진전되었으며, 뿌리 주변에서 후막포자를 형성하였다. 병 발생이 높은 하우스의 토양 내 Fusarium균의 밀도는 건전 또는 병 발생이 낮은 토양보다 밀도가 높고, 병 발생을 일으키는 최소 병원균 밀도는 $10^3$cfu/g 이상으로 추정하였다. 병원균에 대하여 '선풍'과 '미풍포찹' 품종이 가장 감수성이었고, '미홍적축면'과 '진자축면'이 중도저항성 이었으며, 발병은 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 더 빨리 진전되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2019

Newcastle disease (ND) is an infectious poultry disease that caused high mortality and reduced egg production. NDVs are regularly present in the domestic duck population. And ducks play a possible role in the maintenance and transmission of NDVs. While we were monitoring the Avian Influenza, NDVs were isolated from field samples by accident. So we analysed the biological and genetic characteristics of these viruses. Lentogenic NDVs were isolated from two farms among twenty breeder duck farms. The ages of ducks were 39 weeks old in the 'A' farm and 3~72 weeks old in the 'B' farm. And they were not inoculated with the NDVs vaccine. In the biological characteristics, the both viruses which separated from the farm 'A' and 'B' were thermostable. The amino acid sequence of a site from 112 to 119 in the fusion (F) protein was 'GKQGRLIG' which has monobasic motif in the samples of both farms. And this means the separated NDVs are lentogenic. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by entire nucleotide sequence of F protein. The virus strains from the A farm (MN095239) and the B farm (MN095240) belonged to class II genotype I. Using the analysis of whole F protein nucleic acid sequence, the MN095239 (GenBank) had homology with Ulster strain about 99.95% and the MN095239 (GenBank) had homology with KR/CK/KU_LBM255/09 strain about 99.89%. NDV surveillance is needed to investigate epidemiological relationship of domestic breeder duck isolates in Korea.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1145-1149
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• 2006

The typhoon Rusa passed through the Korean peninsula from the west-southern part to the east-northern part in the summer season of 2002. The flash flood due to the Rusa was occurred over the Korean peninsula and especially the damage was concentrated in Kangnung, Yangyang, Kosung, and Jeongsun areas of Kangwon-Do. Since the latter half of the 1990s the flash flood has became one of the frequently occurred natural disasters in Korea. Flash floods are a significant threat to lives and properties. The government has prepared against the flood disaster with the structural and nonstructural measures such as dams, levees, and flood forecasting systems. However, since the flood forecasting system requires the rainfall observations as the input data of a rainfall-runoff model, it is not a realistic system for the flash flood which is occurred in the small basins with the short travel time of flood flow. Therefore, the flash flood forecasting system should be constructed for providing the realistic alternative plan for the flash flood. To do so, firstly, Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction (FFMP) Model must be developed suitable to Korea terrain. In this paper, We develop the FFMP model which is based on GIS, Radar techniques and hydro-geomorphologic approaches. We call it the F2MAP model. F2MAP model has three main components (1) radar rainfall estimation module for the Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF), (2) GIS Module for the Digital terrain analysis, called TOPAZ(Topographic PArametiZation), (3) hydrological module for the estimation of threshold runoff and Flash Flood Guidance(FFG). For the performance test of the model developed in this paper, F2MAP model applied to the Kangwon-Do, Korea, where had a severe damage by the Typhoon Rusa in August, 2002. The result shown that F2MAP model is suitable for the monitoring and the prediction of flash flood.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.77-79
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• 1973

The Mechanism for sorting out the covariance effect is known as the covariance analysis. The sorting out of regression and correlation effect is an obvious application of the covariance analysis. The result of Do population by age groups (15 ages interval) from 1966 Census and from 1970 Census has been applied to analyzing covariability by the analysis of covariance. The results are as follows. (1) The signicance of the regression of 1970 population on 1966 population is assured as F=116.5 (2) There is a significant difference between mean of each age group. (F=88.1) (3) There is very little evidence of significant heterogeneity of regression between age groups. (F=0.72)

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.183-185
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• 2010

전라남도 신안군 흑산면에서 한반도 미기록종인 다도새우난초(Calanthe ${\times}$ kibanakirishima F. Maek.)를 발견하여 보고한다. 다도새우난초는 신안새우난초와 비슷하지만 화색이 다르고, 거가 짧고 더 굵다는 점에서 다르다. 국내의 다른 새우난초속 종들과는 잎의 뒷면에 털이 있고 거가 발달한다는 점에서 쉽게 구별된다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.581-588
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• 1997

Univariate F test is based on the multisample sphericity assumption. Robustness for tests of a main effect of the within-subjects factor was investigated when the assumptions of the onmibus F tests are violated in a split-plot design with one between-subjects factor using untrimmed data and trimmed data. The results indicate that when sample sizes are unbalanced and dispersion matrices are heterogeneous, the CIGA and the $CIGA_T$ tests better control Type I error rates than do the $F_T$test and the$\widetilde{\xi_T}$test.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.152-163
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• 2002

This study was done to provide basic data to develop smoking prevention and non-smoking education program. Questionnaire were collected from 438 male, 474 female middle school students at Chunchon, Kwangwon-do from Sep 2, 2000 to Feb 28, 2001. The Questionnaire used to measure subjects' knowledge and attitude about smoking was Guideline for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population by WHO. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-Win program. The results were as follows. 1.The average score of knowledge about smoking of subjects was 57.01 on the basis of 100. 2. The average score of attitude about smoking of subjects was 63.54 on the basis of 100. 3. In knowledge about smoking, there were statistically significant difference according to subjects' grade(F=3.218, p=.041), thinking about smoking behavior(F=3.424, p=.017), harmfulness of smoking(F=17.202, p=.000), present drinking(F=3.555, p=.029) and in attitude about smoking, there were statisti cally significant difference according to subjects' grade(F=20.520, p=.000), sex(t= -5.073, p=.000), mother's smoking(t= -2.405, p=.035), brother's smoking(t= -5.022, p=.000), mother's schooling(F= 3.730, p=.024), having smoking friend or not (t=-9.357, p=.000), subjects' smoking experience (t=-12.363, p=.000), present smoking(F= 76.643, p=.000), quantity of smoking(F= 6.808, p=.001), period of stop smoking(F= 4.685, p=.004), beginning time of smoking (F=2.286, p=.049), thinking about smoking behavior(F=17.933, p=.000), harmfulness of smoking(F=58.360, p=.000), present drinking (F=58.071, p=.000). 4. There were significant relationship between subjects' knowledge and attitude about smoking(r=.469, p=.000).

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.25-27
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• 2003

The device characteristics and the interface electronic structures of organic light-emitting devices based on /tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum ($Alq_3$) were investigated with Al/NaF cathode. The Al/NaF cathode greatly improved the performance of the device over the Al-only cathode. A series of photoelectron spectroscopy studies on cathode structures including Al/LiF and $Al/CaF_2$ revealed that the performance enhancement originated mainly from the HOMO peak shift upon the fluoride deposition rather than the formation of the gap states