• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2001

During the period from Jan. to Dec. 1998 and Yellow Sand phenomena, dustfall samples were collected by simple deposit jar and petridish, and calculation of passage amounts of Yellow Sand by the utilization of environmental air monitoring 4 stations from 1995 to 1998 in Seoul. Passage amounts of Yellow Sand were estimated 3,024 ton in 1995, 367 ton in 1996, 105 ton in 1997 and 3,444 ton in 1998 respectively. The highest passage amount of Yellow Sand was marked 3,444 ton in 1998 that is related to frequence of appearance. Average deposition of dusfall was $6.570{\;}ton/\textrm{km}^2$/month during the sampling periods, while average deposition of dusfall in Yellow Sand phenomena was $53.68{\;}ton/\textrm{km}^2$/month which was 8 times higher than average deposition.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 1992

Reconstructive surgery for corrosive esophageal stricture was performed in 392 patients at National Medical Center from 1959 to 1990 Between Jan. 1971 and Dec. 1990, 23 cases were experienced stenotic anastoma of neck after reconstructive surgery for corrosive esophageal stricture. The major procedure of esophageal reconstruction was colon interposition without resection of the strictured esophagus except jejunal interposition in 1 case. There were 12 males % 11 females, and mean age was forty years. The caustic materials were 16[70%] alkali and 7[30%] acid. Half of the cases had hypopharyngeal injury. After reconstructed surgery, dysphagia was developed immediate in 65%, from 2 months to 5 months in 31%, and from years in 4%[1 case]. The complications were anastomatic leakage in 13 cases, anastomatic stenosis in 8 cases, graft gangrene in 1 case, and cancer development in 1 case. The therapeutic procedures were end-to-end anstomolis & partial resection of stenotic anastoma in 18 cases, bourgination in 2 cases, and coin interposition with graft removal in 3 cases. The therapeutic results were excellent in 16 cases, mild discomfort in 3 cases, poor in 3 cases, and death in 1 cases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 1997

Streptococcus suis has been identified as a major cause of contagious disease in pigs Ithas been isolated worldwide from pigs suffering from meningitis, bronchopneumonia, polyserositis, polyarthritis and septicemia. Two hundred and fifty-five lung samples of slaughter pigs with gross lung lesions were collected from Jan. to Dec. 1995 in southern Chonnam area. Isolation of S suis were tested by biochemical, serological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility. The results were summerrized as follows ; 1. S suis was Isolated from 30 of 254 pneumonic lungs, 14 Isolates were isolated only, 12 were isolated with p. multocida and 4 were isolated with unidentified Gram positive cocci. 2. In biochemical characteristics studies, all isolates were not grown in 6.5% NaCl medium, and most isolates utilized L-leucine-2-naphtylamide and trehalose, didn't utilize sorbitol, ribose and L-arabinose. 3. In slide agglutination test, 6(20%) Isolates were classified as serotype 2, 4(13.3%) isolates were as serotype l/2, 16, 2 and 2(6.6%) were as serotype 1, 4, 13. 4. S suis isolates showed marked susceptibility to amoxicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin and cepoferazone and high resistance to kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1499-1504
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• 2000

Objectives : In general, conventional T2, T3 thoracoscopic sympathicotomy must be one of the most effective treatments for the essential palmar hyperhidrosis. However, this is offset by the occurrence of a high rate of side effects, such as embarrassing compensatory sweating and Hornor's syndrome. The authors have performed a selective T3 thoracoscopic sympathicotomy to our patients to see whether it provides successful results with less side effects. Its preliminary results were compared with those of conventional T2, T3 thoracoscopic sympathicotomy. Methods : The thoracoscopic sympathicotomy was performed in 54 patients suffering from essential palmar hyperhidrosis. Twenty-four patients underwent a conventional sympathicotmy(group A) from Jan 1997 to Dec 1997 and 30 patients a selective T3 sympathicotmy(group B) from Jan 1998 to Dec 1999. For assessment of postoperative success and of complications all patients charts were reviewed. Patients further received a postal questionnaire regarding long-term effect, satisfaction, and side-effects. Results : No recurrence was observed in both groups. The global rate of compensatory sweating was significantly(p ＝0.020) different in both groups : 11 patients(45.8%) in group A and 5 patients(16.73%) in group B. The Hornor's syndrome was observed only in 4 patients in group A. The preliminary results of the procedure in group A were considered fully-satisfying by 16 patients(66.6%), 6 patients(25%) were satisfied partially, and only 2 patients(8.3%) were dissatisfied, and those of the procedure in group B satisfying by 26 patients(86.6%), 4 patients(13.3.% ) were satisfied partially, and none dissatisfied. Conclusion : The selective T3 sympathicotomy results in a significant decrease in the rate of disturbing side effects comparing to conventional T2, T3 sympathicotomy and it dose not lead to recurrence. Our results contribute to recommendations of a selective T3 thoracoscopic sympathicotomy as treatment of choice in essential palmar hyperhidrosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

In order to investigate the environmental properties of set net grounds located in the coastal waters of Yeosu, oceanographic observations on the fishing grounds were carried out by the training ship of Yeosu Fisheries University from Jun. 1988 to Dec. 1990. The resultes obtained are summarized as follows; 1) The water mass in the fishing grounds were divided into the inner water (29.50-31.00$\textperthousand$), the mixed water (31.10-32.70$\textperthousand$) and the offshore water (32.70-34.30$\textperthousand$) according to the distribution of salinity from T-S diagram plotted all salinity data observed from Jun. 1988 to Dec. 1990. In spring the mixing water prevailed and in summer the inner and mixing water. But in autumn and winter the mixing and offshore waters prevailed. 2) The inner water which was formed by land water from the river of Somjin and the precipitation in the Yeosu district flowed southerly along the coast of Dolsando and spread south-easterly in the vicinity of Kumodo. The inner water and offshore water which supplied from the vicinity of Sorido and Yokchido formed the thermal front and halofront. 3) As the mixing water flowing from the western sea of Cheju to the southern coast of korea was low in temperature, the water mass of low temperature which appeared at the offshore bottom of Sorido in summer was considered not to be the Tsushima warm current. 4) As vertical mixing was made frequently in spring, autumn and winter, the differences in temperature and salinity between surface and bottom was respectively small. In summer, however, the mixing was not made because of the inner water expanded offshore through the space between surface and 10m layer and so a thermocline of $2.0^{\circ}C$/10m and halocline of 4.0$\textperthousand$/10m respectively in vertical gradient was formed. 5) In the vicinity of Dolsando and Kum a water low in salinity prevailed, but in the vicinity of Namhaedo and YoKchido the reverse took place. The inner and mixing waters formed at these arease was limited to the observation area not to spread widely.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2012

This study analyzed the differences in value perception and purchasing intention for natural cosmetics by LOHAS class and investigated what influences people's value perception for natural cosmetics had on their purchasing intention. Total 450 questionnaires were distributed to adults of over 20s to 50s for the period from Dec. 1, 2011 to Dec. 14 and 410 questionnaires were used as analysis data. As for collected data, the statistical package SPSS 18.0 Version was used for factor analysis, frequency analysis, reliability test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-Square test, Scheffe-test, correlations analysis and multiple regression analysis. LOHAS class was divided into three groups (higher, middle and lower) based on LOHAS index. Through factor analysis, the value perception for natural cosmetics were divided into three factors (social value, emotional and functional value perception). The results of this study were obtained as below. First, in case of the value perception for natural cosmetics by LOHAS class, it was demonstrated that the higher LOHAS classes they were, the higher value perception for natural cosmetics (social, emotional and functional value perception) they had. Second, in case of the effects of the value perception for natural cosmetics by LOHAS class on their purchasing intention (intention to use and recommendation of usage), it was found that their value perception influenced their purchasing intention. Social value perception and functional value perception, especially social value perception largely affected the purchasing intention of all LOHAS classes, while emotional value perception didn't affected the purchasing intention.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.668-672
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• 2003

In order to reach the high electrical quality of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) such as high mobility and on-off current ratio, it is strongly desirable to study the enhancement of electrical properties in OTFTs. Here, we report the novel method of hydrogen $(H_{2})$ plasma treatment to improve electrical properties in inverted staggered OTFTs based on pentacene as active layer. To certify the effect of this method, we compared the electrical properties of normal device as a reference with those of device using the novel method. In result, the normal device as a reference making no use of this method exhibited a field effect mobility of 0.055 $cm^{2}/Vs$, on/off current ratio of $10^{3}$, threshold voltage of -4.5 V, and subthreshold slope of 7.6 V/dec. While the device using the novel method exhibited a field effect mobility of 0.174 $cm^{2}/Vs$, on/off current ratio of $10^{6}$. threshold voltage of -0.5 V, and subthreshold slope of 1.49 V/dec. According to these results, we have found the electrical performances in inverted staggered pentacene TFT owing to this novel method are remarkably enhanced. So, this method plays a key role in highly improving the electric performance of OTFTs. Moreover, this method is the first time yet reported for any OTFTs

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2004

The cleft lip and palate charity operation team visited Binh Duong General Hospital in Vietnam from 17th Dec to 25th Dec 2004. Total 25 cleft lip and palate patients (male : female = 15:10) were undergone the operation. The mean age of the patients was 13.6 year. The types of surgical operation were primary cheilorrhaphy (8 cases), primary palatorrhaphy(10 cases), pharyngoplasty(2 cases), scar revision(3 cases), alveolorrhaphy(2 cases). There were no intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications. The year 2004 was the 10th charity operation in the same area so it is meaningful to review the start of this charity mission and the course, and the future of our activity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.961-968
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• 2003

In order to reach the high electrical quality of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) such as high mobility and on-off current ratio, it is strongly desirable to study the enhancement of electrical properties in OTFTs. Here, we report the novel method of hydrogen plasma treatment to improve electrical properties in inverted staggered OTFTs based on pentacene as active layer. To certify the effect of this method, we compared the electrical properties of normal device as a reference with those of device using the novel method. In result, the normal device as a reference making no use of this method exhibited a field effect mobility of 0.055 $\textrm{cm}^2$/Vs, on/off current ratio of 10$^3$, threshold voltage of -4.5 V, and subthreshold slope of 7.6 V/dec. While the device using the novel method exhibited a field effect mobility of 0.174 $\textrm{cm}^2$/Vs, on/off current ratio of 10$\^$6/, threshold voltage of -0.5 V, and subthreshold slope of 1.49 V/dec. According to these results, we have found the electrical performances in inverted staggered pentacene TFT owing to this method are remarkably enhanced. So, this method plays a key role in highly improving the electric performance of OTFTs. Moreover, this method is the first time yet reported for any OTFTs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2012

Oxidative stress has been implicated in cutaneous damage in various inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract of Duchesnea chrysantha (DCE). DEC was prepared by extracting with 80% ethanol. Total flavonoids and polyphenols were measured by a colorimetric assay. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was analyzed by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Griess reagent assay. An oxidative product of nitric oxide (NO), was measured in the culture medium by the Griess reaction. The level of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured by Western blot analysis. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of DCE were included $24.73{\pm}0.45$ and $178.77{\pm}2.65$, respectively. DCE significantly increased electron donating ability (DPPH), nitrite scavenging (NO) and ABTS reducing activity in dose dependant. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of DCE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. DCE significantly suppressed NO and prdstaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in dose dependant. Furthermore, the levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions were markedly suppressed by the treatment with DCE in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that DEC may has value as natural product with its high quality functional components, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.