• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 1994

From Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1993, 24 cases of pulmonary hamartoma were experienced sugically at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University. They consisted of 11 females and 13 males. The age distribution was 24 years to 71 years with a mean age of 49 years. They included 3 cases of endobronchial hamartoma, and 21 cases of pulmonary parenchymal hamartoma. Fifty eight percent of patients [14/24] were asymptomatic. One patient had a multiple pulmonary parenchymal hamartoma, and 1 patient also had combined lung cancer. The operative procedures were 9[37.5%] wedge resections, 5[20.8%] lobectomies, 3[12.5%] enucleations, 3[12.5%] segmental resections, 2[8.3%] bilobectomies, 1[4.2%] lobectomy and segmentectomy, and 1[4.2%] lobectomy, wedge resection, and enucleation. All of the operative results were excellent and without complication.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 1981

190 cases of the thoracic injuries experienced at the department of chest surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, for 5 years from Jan. 1976 till Dec 1980, were analysed. The results are as follows; 1. The incidence rate of male to female was 5.1:1. The common age groups were 3rd, 4th and 5th decades, and the most common age group in the penetrating injury was 3rd decade. 2. The most common mode of the nonpenetrating injuries was a traffic accident [63.0%], and the most commonly used tool in the penetrating injuries is a knife [66.7%]. 3. The most common nonpenetrating injury was rib fracture [73.9%], and the common fracture sites were 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th ribs [especially, 7th rib]. The incidence rate of flail chest was 15% of the cases of the rib fractures. 4. The common associated injuries of the nonpenetrating were long bone fracture [18.3%], brain contusion [15.9%], and clavicle fracture etc.. 5. The common method of surgical treatment were closed thoracostomy [46.7%], thoracentesis, and open thoracotomy [7.4%] etc.. 6. The overall mortality was 2.8%. [Nonpenetrating; 0.8%, Penetrating; 6.3%]

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 1994

A oat (Avena sativa) cultivar, 'Guiri 16', was seeded on Oct. 9, Oct. 24, Nov. 9, Nov. 24, Dec. 9 of 1991 and 1992 to determine usefulness of growing degree days (GDD) for predicting growth duration and the optimum seeding date of oats for grains in Cheju province. The later the seeding, the greater the number of days to emergence but the fewer the number of days to heading and maturity. As seeding was delayed, accumulated GDD from seeding to emergence generally tended to decrease but was less subjective to a constant downward tend over seeding date than the number of days. Accumulated GDD from emergence ot heading decreased with delaying seeding and accumulated GDD from heading to maturity decreased as seeding was delayed up to Nov. 24. As seeding was delayed from Oct. 9 to Dec. 9, to Dec. 9, leaf area index at heading decreased from 7.7 to 5.1 and dry matter yield at maturity from 1920 to 823 kg /10a in 1992-1993, and culm length 120 to 89cm on an average of 1991-1992 and 1992-1993. While the number of grains per panicle and test weight were not affected by seeding date in 1991-1992 and 1992-1993, the number of panicles per m$^2$ and grain yield were decreased when oats were seeded earlier or later than Nov. 9. 1000 grain weight was not affected by seeding date in 1991-1992 but greatest at Nov. 9 seeding in 1992-1993. The results indicate that optimum seeding date of oats in Cheju province would be early November. November.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1313-1318
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• 2006

The mechanism fur the surface film formation was studied by in situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) observation of a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) basal plane surface during cyclic voltammetry at a slow scan-rate of 0.5 mV $s^{-1}$ in 1 moi $dm^{-3}$ (M) $LiPF_6$ dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC). Decomposition of the electrolyte solution began at a potential around 2.15 V vs. $Li^+$/Li on step edges. In the potential range 0.95-0.8 V vs. $Li^+$/Li, flat areas (hill-like structures) and large swelling appeared on the surface. It is considered that these two features were formed by the intercalation of solvated lithium ions and their decomposition beneath the surface, respectively. At potentials more negative than 0.80 V vs. $Li^+$/Li, particle-like precipitates appeared on the basal plane surface. After the first cycle, the thickness of the precipitate layer was 30 nm. The precipitates were considered to be decomposition of the lithium salt ($LiPF_6$) and solvent molecules (EC and DEC), and to have an important role in suppressing further solvent decomposition on the basal plane.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.891-906
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• 2014

This study suggests the hedging rule of MIP (Mixed Integer Programing) in counting the risk evaluation criteria of the objective function and constraints in order to provide the optimum operating rule in reservoir system as constraining water shortage as much as possible which may happen in the downstream control point of water supply in the aspect of water system management. The proposed model is applied to the Han-river reservoir system for two testing periods (Case I: Jan. 1993~Dec. 1997, Case II: Jan. 1999~Dec. 2003). The model based on the hedging rule with trigger volume, estimated in this study shows that in Case I, the monthly minimum discharge was $310.6{\times}10^6m^3$ in the single operation, $56.3{\times}10^6m^3$ in the joint operation, and $317.5{\times}10^6m^3$ in the hedging rule and also, in Case II, the monthly minimum discharge was found to be $204.2{\times}10^6m^3$ in the single operation, $111.2{\times}10^6m^3$ in the joint operation, and $243.7{\times}10^6m^3$ in the hedging rule. In conclusion, the hedging rule, proposed in this study can decrease vulnerability while guarantees reliability and resiliency.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.355-359
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• 2019

The high efficient water splitting system should involve the reduction of high overpotential value, which was enhanced by the electrocatalytic reaction efficiency of catalysts, during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) reaction, respectively. Among them, transition metal-based compounds (oxides, sulfides, phosphides, and nitrides) are attracting attention as catalyst materials to replace noble metals that are currently commercially available. Herein, we synthesized optimal monodisperse Co₃[Co(CN)₆]₂ PBAs by FESEM, and confirmed crystallinity by XRD and FT-IR, and thermal behavior of PBAs via TG-DTA. Also, we synthesized monodispersed Co₃O₄ nanocubes by calcination of Co₃[Co(CN)₆]₂ PBAs, confirmed the crystallinity by XRD, and proceeded OER measurement. Finally, the synthesized Co₃O₄ nanocubes showed a low overpotential of 312 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^-2 with a low Tafel plot (96.6 mV·dec^-1).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to identify the im-. age of nursing, that is, to see how nursing is viewed in newspapers. Articles about nursing from two Korean daily newspapers from Jan. 1, 1987 to Dec.31, 1991 were examined for subject, type, attitude and author-ship. The inter-rater reliability was 0.89(by The Holsti method). The major findings were as follows : 1. The total number of articles were 110. 2. As for the subjests matter, articles related to professional nursing activities appeared most frequently(29.6%) , there about labor issues and activity to promote nurses's job climate 19.4%, and about official activities of nursing 11.2%. 3. Commentary articles appeared most frequently(41.2%) , Other article forms were straight news(27. 1％), contribution(17.6％) and inter-views (10.6%). 4. Feature stories acounted for 62.4% and news articles for 37.6%. Most of the articles were of national interests(96.5%), the rest(3.5%) of news from abroad. 5. Articles favorable toward nursing accounted for 54.1%, neutral 28.2%, negative 17.6%. 6. Many articles were written by the reporters (66.3%).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.486-490
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• 2009

In order to investigate the offshore wind resources, the "QuikSCAT Level 3" data by the QuikSCAT satellite was analyzed from Jan 2000 to Dec 2008. QuikSCAT satellite is a specialized device for a microwave scatterometer that measures near-surface wind speed and direction under all weather and cloud conditions. Wind speed measured at 10 m above from the sea surface as extrapolated to the hub height by using the power law model. It has been found that the high wind energy prevailing in the south sea and the east sea of the Korean peninsula. From the limitation of seawater depth for piling the tower and archipelagic environment around the south sea, the west and the south-west sea are favorable to construct the large scale wind farm. Wind map and monthly variation of wind speed are investigate at the positions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.150-165
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• 1992

The study for a effect of monitoring on bovine mastitis was conduced for a year from Dec, 1989 to Nov, 1990, Sampling the bulk milk of 350 herds in Inchon city and out of 10 herds among them were carried out herds guidance, CMT, SCC, isolation of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1. Annual mean SCC of 1213 herds was 558, 000 cell /ml 2. The number of SCC below 500, 000 cell /ml to quarters for herds guidance was at 1st 77. 0%, End 84.8% and 3rd 80.4%. The is shown that milk quality was steadly improved. 3. The most number of isolated pathogens of bovine mastitis was Staphylococcus SPP - 402(47.2%) Streptococcus SPP - 80(18.7% ) 4. The highest rate of antibiotic sensitivity test was Stapylococcus SPP - cephalothin(76.7%) Streptococcus SPP - ampicillin(77.5%) Gram negative bacilli - tetracyclin(76.0%) 5. The effect of monitoring on bovine mastitis was improved showing that at 1st 49.0% to 3rd 72.0%

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1986

Dielectric properties of $Ba_{0.9}Ca_{0.1}(Ti_{1-x}Sn_x)O_3$ were investigated from x=0 to 0.20, and temperature range -4$0^{\circ}C$~13$0^{\circ}C$ Density and grain size decreased with increasing Sn content due to grain growth inhibitor. Dielectric constant below the Curie temperature increased with increasing Sn content and dissipation factor dec reased. These results are due to grain size effect and internal stress. Curie temperature was shifted to lower temperature with increasing ratio of total polarizability to volume resulting from substitution of $Ba^{2+}$ ion with $Ca^{2+}$ ion $Ti^{4+}$ ion with $Sn^{4+}$ ion.