• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the correlation between the plantar pressure and body alignment according to the dominant hand of elementary school baseball players. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 32 elementary school baseball players. The 32 players were classified in the right-hand dominant group (Rt. Group, n = 22) and left-hand dominant group (Lt. group, n = 10). The plantar pressure was measured using a pedoscan to determine the maximum pressure and pressure distribution. The body alignment was measured using a fometric 4D to measure the trunk imbalance angle (TI), pelvic tilt angle (PTi), pelvic torsion angle (PTo), pelvis rotation angle (PR), kyphotic angle (Ky), lordotic angle (Lo), and trunk torsion angle (TT). RESULTS: Participants showed correlations in the Rt. group, according to the left maximum pressure, Lo (r = .592, p < .05), and TT (r = .514, p < .05); according to the right maximum pressure, PR (r = .539, p < .05), and Lo (r = .503, p < .05). In the left pressure distribution, the PR (r = -.521, p < .05) showed a negative correlation. In the Lt. group, the PT (r = -.591, p < .05) showed a negative correlation in the left pressure distribution. CONCLUSION: These results can be used as basic data for a body analysis study of elementary school baseball players in the future.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare kinematic data between experts and novices, and identify difference kinematic parameters changing direction to kick in penalty kick of soccer play. Novice subjects were 5 high school students Who has never been experienced a soccer player, and expert subjects were 5 competitive high school soccer players. The 3-d angle was calculated by Euler's Angle by inertial axis and local axis with three-dimensional cinematography. Kinematic parameters in this study consisted of angles of knee joints, hip joints, lower trunk and upper trunk when the support foot was contacted on ground and kicking foot impacted the ball. The difference of angle of knee joints in the flexion/extension was insignificantly showed below $4{\sim}9^{\circ}$ in groups and directions of ball at the time of support and impact. But the difference of angle of hip joint was significant in groups and directions of ball at the time of support and impact. Specially the right hip joint of experts were more flexed about $12^{\circ}$($43.99{\pm}6.17^{\circ}$ at left side, $31.87{\pm}4.49^{\circ}$ at right side), less abducted about $10^{\circ}$ ($-31.27{\pm}4.49^{\circ}$ at left side, $-41.97{\pm}6.67^{\circ}$ at right side) at impact when they kicked a ball to the left side of goalpost. The difference of amplitude angle in the trunk was significantly shown at upper trunk not lower trunk. The upper trunk was external rotated about $30^{\circ}$ (novice' angle was $-16.3{\pm}17.08^{\circ}$, expert's angle was $-43.73{\pm}12.79^{\circ}$) at impact. Therefore the significant difference of kinematic characteristics could be found at the right hip joint and the upper trunk at penalty kick depending on the direction of kicking.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2004

비디오 게임은 하드웨어와 3D그래픽 기술의 발달에 따라 90년대 후반 이후 전적으로 환영을 추구하고 영화의 형식을 답습하는 쪽으로 진화의 방향을 잡아가고 있기 때문에 스펙터클 중심의 미디어로 인식되고 있는 것이 사실이다. 그러나 비디오 게임은 그 태생적인 특성 때문에 기존의 환영 중심의 오락물처럼 투명한 미디어가 될 수 없다. 그 구조를 살펴보면 플레이어로 하여금 지속적으로 미디어의 존재를 각성시켜 환영으로부터 벗어나게 하는 요소가 발견되기 때문에, 플레이어는 엄밀히 말하면 환영에 도취되는 것이 아니라 내부의 콘텍스트와 일정한 거리를 유지하는 관계를 취하고 있다. 오히려 게임은 환각에 의존하기보다 연극에서 발견되는 일종의 컨벤션과 유사한 플레이어와의 계약에 의존하여 플레이어의 적극적 상상력을 개입시켜 내부의 불완전한 요소를 투명화 시킨다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 비디오 게임에 나타나는 환영 붕괴 요소를 찾아 분석하고 이것이 플레이어와 게임 사이에 탄생시키는 연극적 계약에 관해 논하고자 한다. 연구의 취지는 스펙터클 오락물로서의 비디오 게임에 대한 인식을 재고하여 게임문화의 미래적 진화방향을 탐색하는데 있어 도움이 되고자 함이다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: In masking level difference (MLD), the masked detection threshold for a signal is determined as a function of the relative interaural differences between the signal and the masker. Study 1 analyzed the results of school-aged children with good school performance in the MLD test, and study 2 compared their results with those of a group of children with poor academic performance. Subjects and Methods: Study 1 was conducted with 47 school-aged children with good academic performance (GI) and study 2 was carried out with 32 school-aged children with poor academic performance (GII). The inclusion criteria adopted for both studies were hearing thresholds within normal limits in basic audiological evaluation. Study 1 also considered normal performance in the central auditory processing test battery and absence of auditory complaints and/or of attention, language or speech issues. The MLD test was administered with a pure pulsatile tone of 500 Hz, in a binaural mode and intensity of 50 dBSL, using a CD player and audiometer. Results: In study 1, no significant correlation was observed, considering the influence of the variables age and sex in relation to the results obtained in homophase (SoNo), antiphase (SπNo) and MLD threshold conditions. The final mean MLD threshold was 13.66 dB. In study 2, the variables did not influence the test performance either. There was a significant difference between test results in SπNo conditions of the two groups, while no differences were found both in SoNo conditions and the final result of MLD. Conclusions: In study 1, the cut-off criterion of school-aged children in the MLD test was 9.3 dB. The variables (sex and age) did not interfere with the MLD results. In study 2, school performance did not differ in the MLD results. GII group showed inferior results than GI group, only in SπNo condition.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: In masking level difference (MLD), the masked detection threshold for a signal is determined as a function of the relative interaural differences between the signal and the masker. Study 1 analyzed the results of school-aged children with good school performance in the MLD test, and study 2 compared their results with those of a group of children with poor academic performance. Subjects and Methods: Study 1 was conducted with 47 school-aged children with good academic performance (GI) and study 2 was carried out with 32 school-aged children with poor academic performance (GII). The inclusion criteria adopted for both studies were hearing thresholds within normal limits in basic audiological evaluation. Study 1 also considered normal performance in the central auditory processing test battery and absence of auditory complaints and/or of attention, language or speech issues. The MLD test was administered with a pure pulsatile tone of 500 Hz, in a binaural mode and intensity of 50 dBSL, using a CD player and audiometer. Results: In study 1, no significant correlation was observed, considering the influence of the variables age and sex in relation to the results obtained in homophase (SoNo), antiphase (SπNo) and MLD threshold conditions. The final mean MLD threshold was 13.66 dB. In study 2, the variables did not influence the test performance either. There was a significant difference between test results in SπNo conditions of the two groups, while no differences were found both in SoNo conditions and the final result of MLD. Conclusions: In study 1, the cut-off criterion of school-aged children in the MLD test was 9.3 dB. The variables (sex and age) did not interfere with the MLD results. In study 2, school performance did not differ in the MLD results. GII group showed inferior results than GI group, only in SπNo condition.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2011

본 연구는 폭력성 게임 내에서 사실적인 묘사(선혈 색, 비명 소리, 일인칭 시점) 방식이 사용자 각성(arousal), 현존감(presence), 그리고 게임 내에서의 사건 장소에 대한 기억력(memory)에 미치는 영향력을 테스트 하였다. 또한 사용자가 느끼는 현존감과 각성의 관계도 분석되었는데, 최신 3D 슈팅 게임인 CounterStrike를 변형시켜 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과, 사실적인 선혈(붉은색)과 소리(날카로운 비명)는 사용자의 경험 정도에 관계없이 각성 정도를 증대시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 각성 정도는 사용자의 현존감과 유의미한 상관 관계를 보여주었다. 특히, 현존감의 세부 요인인 관여도(engagement)는 기억력을 높이는데 가장 결정적인 역할을 하였으며, 각성과 기억력을 매개하는 변수인 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나, 일인칭 시점은 각성에는 영향을 주지 않았으며 관여도에 부적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2012

게임제작은 전산학을 가르치는 효과적이고 매력적인 방법이다. 다중사용자 게임제작은 기술, 팀웍, 소프트웨어 공학등 중요한 측면들을 요구하고 있다. 전체 클래스를 다수의 팀으로 구성하고, 학생들은 하나 혹은 두 개의 팀에 속하였다. 각 팀은 한학기동안 자신들의 진행상황을 발표하고, 향후 이정표와 트러블슈팅에 대해 논의하고, 명확한 소통을 위해 문서를 갱신하고, SVN(Subversion)을 활용하였다. 다른 클래스 구성과 달리, 모든 학생이 하나의 목적을 달성하려는 회사처럼 서로 협력하여 일을 했다. 한학기동안 학생들은 개념설계부터 시작해서 "deBugger(2009)"와 "World of Balance(2011)"라는 다중사용자 온라인 게임을 완성했다. 더불어 게임설계, 3D 그래픽스, 게임엔진, 서버-클라이언트 구조, 게임프로토콜, 네트워크 프로그래밍, 데이터베이스, 소프트웨어공학, 팀 프로젝트로서 대규모 어플리케이션 제작방법들을 학습할 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2011

Purpose: This research aimed to analyze the patterns of co-authorship network among the Korean radiation oncologists and to identify attributing factors for the formation of networks. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,447 articles including contents of ‘Radiation Oncology' and 'Therapeutic Radiology' were searched from the KoreaMed database. The co-authorship was assorted by the author's full name, affiliation and specialties. UCINET 6.0 was used to fi gure out the author's network centrality and the cluster analysis, and KeyPlayer 1.44 program was used to get a result of key player index. Sociogram was analyzed with the Netdraw 2.090. The statistical comparison was performed by a t-test and ANOVA using SPSS 16.0 with p-value < 0.05 as the significant value. Results: The number of articles written by a radiation oncologist as the first author was 1,025 out of 1,447. The pattern of coauthorship was classified into five groups. For articles of which the first author was a radiation oncologist, the number of singleauthor articles (type-A) was 81; single-institution articles (type-B) was 687; and multiple-author articles (type-C) was 257. For the articles which radiation oncologists participated in as a co-author, the number of single-institution articles (type-D) was 280 while multiple-institution articles (type-E) were 142. There were 8,895 authors from 1,366 co-authored articles, thus the average number of authors per article was 6.51. It was 5.73 for type-B, 6.44 for type-C, 7.90 for type-D, and 7.67 for type-E (p = 0.000) in the average number of authors per article. The number of authors for articles from the hospitals published more than 100 articles was 7.23 while form others was 5.94 (p = 0.005). Its number was 5.94 and 7.16 for the articles published before and after 2001 (p = 0.000). The articles written by a radiation oncologist as the first author had 5.92 authors while others for 7.82 (p = 0.025). Its number was 5.57 and 7.71 for the Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and others (p = 0.000), respectively. Among the analysis, a significant difference in the average number of author per article was indicated. The out-degree centrality of network among authors was 4.26% (2.03-7.09%) while in-degree centrality was 1.31% (0.53-2.84%). The three significant nodes were classified and listed as following: Choi, Eun Kyung for 1991-1995, Kim, Dae Young for 1998-2001, Park, Won and Lee, Sang Wook for 2003-2010. Choi, Eun Kyung and Kim, Dae Young appeared in two cases, and ranked as the highest degree in centrality. In the key player analysis, Choi, Eun Kyung and Lee, Sang Wook appeared in two cases, and ranked as the highest. From the cluster analysis, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul National University and Yonsei University revealed as the three large clusters when Ulsan University, Chonnam National University, and Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science as the medium clusters. Conclusion: The Korean radiation oncologist's society shows a closed network with numerous relationships among the particular clusters, and the result indicates it is different from other institutions in the pattern of co-authorship formation of the major hospitals.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate performance characteristics. in the success of team attack during volleyball competition. For this, real game was analyzed using S-VHS video camera for three dimensional cinematography. The contents of this research were receive to set time, set to spike time, setter moving distance, ball position during set and attacker's relative ball position during jump and spike, and open area at spike. Among the various kinematical factors considered in this study, the ball height relative spiker and open area were found to be related to offensive performance. This finding implies that although their direct impact were not significant the other factors could have indirect impact on offensive performance by increasing open area. Thus, receiver, setter, assistant attacker, and main attacker should practice for successful performance in each stage. Lastly, it is necessary to develop kinematic variables to evaluate performance characteristics of players. Further study may consider the best defense position against the attack of the opponent player.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2023

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family is a well-known player in repairing DNA double-strand break through non-homologous end joining pathway. This mechanism has allowed us to understand its critical role in T and B cell development through V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination, respectively. We have also learned that the defects in these mechanisms lead to the severely combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Here we highlight some of the latest evidence where DNA-PKcs has been shown to localize not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm, phosphorylating various proteins involved in cellular metabolism and cytokine production. While it is an exciting time to unveil novel functions of DNA-PKcs, one should carefully choose experimental models to study DNA-PKcs as the experimental evidence has been shown to differ between cells of defective DNA-PKcs and those of DNA-PKcs knockout. Moreover, while there are several DNA-PK inhibitors currently being evaluated in the clinical trials in an attempt to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, multiple functions and subcellular localization of DNA-PKcs in various types of cells may further complicate the effects at the cellular and organismal level.