• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effects of two plant populations (28 and 14 plants per $m^2$) and two toppings in conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$) on soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Pungsannamulkong) cultivated in the paddy field. The two topping time were taken at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ and 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stages in the conventional plant population. Experimental design for growth data was a randomized complete block with three replications, and samples were taken at R1 (July 31), R3 (August 19), R5 (September 2) and R7 (September 23) growth stages. The branch number of soybean was relatively higher in the low plant population (14 plants per $m^2$) and with the topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage, in the conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$), and with topping at the 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in descending order. The highest average branch length of soybean was observed in the low population and the longest branch length was observed from the soybean with topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was decreased in order of in the low population, with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, and in the conventional population. The leaf area was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in soybean. The dry weight of leaves and branches was high in the low population and with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The grain yield per 10a was high with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

목적: 본 연구는 암환자와 건강한 성인을 대상으로 각 군에서 스트레스 지각, 대응양상 및 우울을 조사하고 스트레스 지각과 대응양상이 우울에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위함이다. 방법: 연구대상은 W시에 위치한 3차 병원에 내원하는 외래 암환자 139명과 지역사회에 거주하는 건강한 성인 139명의 종 278명을 편의표집 하였다. 자료수집은 스트레스 측정을 위한 스트레스 VAS (Visual Analog Scale), 대응양상 측정을 위한 W.C.C.L (Ways of Coping Check List), 우울 측정을 위한 Depression Index 및 일반적 특성과 질병특성을 포함하는 구조화된 질문지를 이용하여 설문조사를 실시한 후 자료를 분석하였다. 결과: 암환자와 건강한 성인간의 스트레스 지각, 대응 양상 및 우울에 대한 비교는 교육수준과 평균수입을 통제한 ANCOVA 분석을 실시한 결과, 암환자가 건강한 성인보다 스트레스 지각이 높았고 소망적 사고 대응이 낮았으며 우울이 더 높았다. 스트레스 지각과 우울과의 관계에 영향을 미치는 대응양상은 암환자에서는 조력추구 대응, 스트레스 지각, 그리고 교육정도의 순으로 우울을 유의하게 설명하였고 설명력은 20.2%였다. 건강한 성인에서는 스트레스 지각, 문제해결 대응, 그리고 조력추구 대응양상 순으로 우울을 유의하게 설명하였으며 설명력은 30.7%였다. 결론: 본 연구결과 암환자의 우울 감소를 위해서는 전체적으로 대응 전략 사용을 증진시키되 우울 감소에 효과적인 대응양상의 선택과 사용을 위한 훈련 프로그램 및 지원체계, 그리고 스트레스 감소를 위한 중재의 개발과 적용이 필요하다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yukwool-tang (Liuyu-tang) for the treatment of major depression in women by comparing the Yukwool-tang (Liuyu-tang)-treated group with the placebo-treated group and assessing the association of various biological factors related to depression through various outcome measures. Methods: This study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design clinical trial. The subjects to be selected are women between the ages of 19 and 65, and the registered subjects are to be randomly assigned to treatment with Yukwool-tang or the placebo control. The Yukwool-tang group will take 1 bottle of Yukwool-tang (30 mg) for 8 weeks, 3 times a day, before meals. The control group will take the placebo in the same way. The primary outcome to be examined will be the change between the total score after 8 weeks and the total score before the start of the study of the K-HDRS score. Secondary outcomes are assessed by the change in total score after 12 weeks of K-HDRS, K-HDRS remission rate, K-HDRS improvement rate, BDI-K, PITD, KSCL-95, ISI, STAI-K, EQ-5D, VAS, Emotional Stimulation Test, BDNF test, inflammatory cytokine and tumor necrosis factor test, intestinal microbiome test, dietary report and Beck's hopelessness scale. Results: This protocol has been approved by the IRB of Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University and is registered in the CRIS, and it is made public in advance to ensure transparency of the research process and conduct ethical clinical trials. Conclusions: Based on this protocol, when the trial is completed, its data can be used to access the validity and safety of Yukwool-tang for major depression in women, and it is also expected to be helpful in the study of the correlation between future treatment of Korean medicine for depression and related biological factors, and quality of life.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.120-123
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nipple angles on water disappearance in growing pigs, which is defined as the water which leaves the watering device but is not consumed by the pig. This water adds to the volume of the total waste slurry. Four crossbred pigs averaging $70.0{\pm}1.4$ kg were assigned into 1 of 4 treatments using a $4{\times}4$ Latin-square design. Treatments were distinguished by the angle between nipple terminal and the perpendicular wall. These angles were: 1) NA-30 (= Nipple Angle $30^{\circ}$), 2) NA-45 (= Nipple Angle $45^{\circ}$), 3) NA-60 (= Nipple Angle $60^{\circ}$) and 4) NA-90 (= Nipple Angle $90^{\circ}$). All of the nipples were fixed at shoulder height of each pig. After a 7-day adaptation period, samples were collected from each pig for 4 days, followed by a day for change-over. Pigs were fed a 0.8 kg diet twice daily at 08:00 and 20:00 and supplied water ad libitum. Throughout the experimental period, pigs in the NA-30 treatment group showed greater water disappearance than other treatments. Water disappearance was the lowest for the NA-60 treatment group (p<0.01). The percentage of water disappearance to the water supply was significantly reduced in the NA-60 treatment group (p<0.01). Water intake was the same for all the treatment groups. The rate of water disappearance per unit of water intake was significantly decreased in pigs in the NA-60 treatment group compared to other groups (p<0.01). These results suggested that the nipple angle for growing pigs should be $60^{\circ}$ to reduce water disappearance and, subsequently, the amount of waste generated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.654-661
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• 2015

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of 19 rice bran samples and to develop prediction equations for DE and ME based on their chemical composition. The 19 rice bran samples came from different rice varieties, processing methods and regions. The basal diet was formulated using corn and soybean meal (74.43% corn and 22.91% soybean meal and 2.66% vitamins and minerals). The 19 experimental diets based on a mixture of corn, soybean meal and 29.2% of each source of rice bran, respectively. In Exp. 1, 108 growing barrows ($32.1{\pm}4.2kg$) were allotted to 1 of 18 treatments according to a completely randomized design with 6 pigs per treatment. The treatment 1 was the control group which was fed with basal diet. The treatments 2 to 18 were fed with experimental diets. In Exp. 2, two additional rice bran samples were measured to verify the prediction equations developed in Exp. 1. A control diet and two rice bran diets were fed to 18 growing barrows ($34.6{\pm}3.5kg$). The control and experimental diets formulations were the same as diets in Exp. 1. The results showed that the DE ranged from 14.48 to 16.85 (mean 15.84) MJ/kg of dry matter while the ME ranged from 12.49 to 15.84 (mean 14.31) MJ/kg of dry matter. The predicted values of DE and ME of the two additional samples in Exp. 2 were very close to the measured values.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1619-1626
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• 2018

Objective: This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of levels of fungal (Lentinus sajor-caju) treated oil palm fronds (FTOPF) on digestibility, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen balance in goats. Methods: Four 16 month old male crossbred (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) goats with initial body weights of $33.5{\pm}1.7kg$ were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Four levels of FTOPF were assigned for feed intake. The experimental treatments consisted of 0%, 33%, 67%, and 100% of oil palm fronds (OPF) being replaced by FTOPF. Results: The results revealed that total dry matter intake and nutrient intake were not influenced (p>0.05) by the inclusion of FTOPF. However, the efficiency values of the digestibility of the dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin on FTOPF were higher (p<0.05) in treatments with 33%, 67%, and 100% of FTOPF compared with 0% of FTOPF. FTOPF feeding did not change the rumen pH, temperature, and $NH_3-N$. However, the FTOPF levels did affect the total volatile fatty acid (VFA), molar proportion of acetate, propionate, butyrate, ratio of acetic (propionic acid and acetic) plus butyric (propionic acid), and production of $CH_4$. The totals of VFA and propionate was lower in goat fed with 0% of FTOPF than in those of the other groups (p<0.05). The amount of nitrogen retention based on g/d/animal or the percentage of nitrogen retained was the lowest the goat fed with 0% of FTOPF (p<0.05), whereas nitrogen intake, excretion, and absorption were not changed among treatments. Conclusion: Based on this study, FTOPF could be effectively used as an alternative roughage source in total mixed ration diets, constituting at least up to 100% of OPF.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2011

기술의 발전과 함께 매해 쏟아져 나오는 새로운 플랫폼들은 콘텐츠 생산자들에게 창의적이고 혁신적인 콘텐츠를 개발할 수 있는 새로운 기회를 제공하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 디지털 미디어 콘텐츠 분야를 전공하는 학생들에게도 중요한 영향을 미쳐 콘텐츠 개발 시 새로운 기술 기반의 플랫폼을 활용해 봄으로써 그들에게 보다 새롭고 유익한 배움의 기회를 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 최근 디지털 미디어분야 학생들에게 주목받고 있는 주요기술로서 가상현실 디스플레이, 동작인식부, 물리엔진 그리고 체감형 인터페이스 기술을 제시하고, 이 4가지 기술을 사용하는 통합 플랫폼을 개발하여 콘텐츠 개발 시 보다 쉽고 편리하게 구현할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 또한 디지털 콘텐츠 개발 교육을 위한 목적으로서 플랫폼의 실용성을 검토하고자 제안한 플랫폼을 기반으로 4개의 프로토타입 콘텐츠를 개발하고 플랫폼의 활용성을 평가하였다. 사용자 평가결과 시스템의 기능성, 사용성, 유용성, 만족도 및 선호도 모두 전반적으로 높게 나타났으며 이 같은 플랫폼의 활용도는 학생들에게 쉽고 빠르게 프로토타입 콘텐츠(Rapid prototype)를 제작 할 수 있는 환경을 조성해 주어 창의적인 미디어 콘텐츠 연구에 있어 긍정적인 영향을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.957-965
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• 2005

The effect of ammoniation with urea and with soybean meal (SBM) as a source of urease on the nutritive value of wheat straw was evaluated in sheep. Twenty-four male Najdi lambs were used in a 3${\times}$2 factorial design, in which the animals were allocated to three straw treatments: 0% urea-treated (NT), 6% urea-treated (UT) and 2.2% urea-supplemented (US) straws. Each straw treatment was either supplemented or non-supplemented with 70 g SBM $kg^{-1}$ straw during the treatment time with urea, giving a total of six straw treatments. Each of these treatments was individually fed ad libitum to 4 lambs, together with 300 g of barley grain/head/day. Total N content of UT and US straws increased significantly (p<0.001) as compared to NT straw. The degree of urea hydrolysis, either with or without SBM addition, was nearly similar. Lambs fed either UT or US straw based diets had significantly (p<0.01) and numerically (p>0.05) higher straw DM intake (g $d^{-1}$ $kg^{-1}$ $BW^{0.75}$), compared to those fed NT straw based diet. Apparent DM or OM digestibilities increased significantly (p = 0.014) in lambs fed UT diet, and numerically (p>0.05) in lambs fed US diet as compared to those fed NT diet. Fiber (CF, NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose) digestibility increased to a similar magnitude, averaging 20.2 (p<0.001) and 7.8% (p<0.07); this corresponds to 35 (p<0.001) and 51% (p<0.001) in N digestibility and approximately 78 (p<0.017) and 105% (p<0.002) in N retention, for UT and US diets, respectively, as compared to NT diet. However, the UT diet had higher (p<0.01) fiber digestibility over the US diet. Addition of SBM tended to improve (p = 0.09) straw DM and digestible OM intakes, while significantly increasing (p<0.001) total and digestible CP intakes across all diets. Lambs fed on US diet had higher ruminal ammonia N than those fed on UT (p<0.05) or NT (p<0.001) diets. However, ruminal pH and molar proportion of the volatile fatty acids did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatment diets. This study suggests that US and UT treatments, particularly the latter, improved straw intake, digestibility and N utilization by lambs compared to NT treatment. On the other hand, addition of SBM as a source of urease had a negligible effect on urea hydrolysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1768-1773
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of variety and planting year on the nutritive values of corn fed to growing pigs. Four corn varieties examined in this experiment were planted in the same village located in Longhua County, Heibei Province, China, in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. During each year, corn was hand-harvested in early October and sun dried to about 14% moisture content. Three batches of twenty-four barrows ($33.27{\pm}4.30$, $31.88{\pm}2.93$, $34.21{\pm}3.81kg$ body wight [BW] in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively) were used and allotted to a complete block design with 4 diets and 6 replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were individually placed in metabolic crates. The four experimental diets were formulated by mixing each variety of corn and vitamins and minerals, respectively. A five-day collection period followed a seven-day diet acclimation period. The results indicated that variety of corn significantly influenced the available energy content (digestible energy [DE] on dry matter basis, p<0.05; metabolizable energy (ME) on dry matter basis, p<0.05, respectively), and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter (p<0.01), dry matter (p<0.05), gross energy (p<0.05), neutral detergent fiber (p<0.01), acid detergent fiber and ether extract (p<0.05). The planting year also significantly influenced the available energy contents (DE on dry matter basis, p<0.05; ME on dry matter basis, p<0.01, respectively) and the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (p<0.01), acid detergent fiber (p<0.01), crude protein (p<0.01), and ether extract (p<0.01). No interaction was observed between the variety and planting year in DE and ME contents in corn. In conclusion, the variety and planting year significantly influenced the available energy and nutrient digestibility of corn fed to growing pigs.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권3호
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• pp.265-278
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• 1991

지리산국립공원(智異山國立公園)의 도로(道路) 비탈면을 대상(對象)으로 물리적(物理的) 환경(環境)이 지닌 시각적(視覺的) 질(質)을 계량적(計量的) 접근방법(接近方法)으로 분석하여 합리적인 계획(計劃), 설계(設計) 및 보전관리(保全管理)에 필요한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제시하는 것을 목적(目的)으로, 도로(道路) 비탈면 구성요소의 물리량을 Mesh 분석법(分析法)에 의하여 측정(測定)하였다 또한 심리량 분석(分析)을 위해 S.D Scale을 측정하고 인지분석 Algorithm을 통하여 물리적 환경(環境)의 공간(空間) 이미지 구조(構造)를 밝혔으며, 시각적(視覺的) 선호도(選好度)를 측정하여 결정인자(決定因子) 추출(抽出)과 각(各) 인자(因子) 상호간(相互間) 중요성(重要性)을 규명하였다. Mesh 분석(分析)에 의한 시각량조사(視覺量調査) 결과(結果), 각(各) 지점 공(共)히 이지(裡地)와 암석 비탈면, seed spray 등에 의한 지피식생지(池被植生地), 인공식생지등(人工植生地等)이 상대적으로 높은 측정치를 보였다. 국립공원(國立公園) 도로비탈면의 공간 이미지를 함축하는 변인(變因)은 종합평가(綜合評價) 차원(次元), 공간적(空間的) 차원(次元), 호감성(好感性) 차원(次元), 물리적(物理的) 차원(次元), 개방적(開放的) 차원(次元) 및 품격(品格) 차원(次元) 등 6개 인자군(因子群)으로 분석되었으며, 공간적 차원, 물리적 차원 및 개방성 차원(次元)의 인자가 공간 이미지를 대표하는 인자군으로 나타났다. 비탈면 경관(景觀)에 대한 시각적(視覺的) 선호도(選好度)를 결정(決定)짓는 주요(主要) 설명변수는 비탈면내 구조물의 유지관리정도와 비탈면내의 주변 경관과의 어울림과 조화(調和)로움, 비탈면내 인공식생(人工植生)과 구조물(構造物) 등(等)으로 시각적(視覺的) 선호도(選好度) 결정(決定)의 주요(主要) 설명변수로 나타났다.