• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.643-653
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• 2014

To reduce interconnect delay and power consumption while improving chip performance, a three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) has been developed with die-stacking and through-silicon via (TSV) techniques. The power supply problem is one of the essential challenges in 3D IC design because IR-drop caused by insufficient supply voltage in a 3D chip reduces the chip performance. In particular, power bumps and TSVs are placed to minimize IR-drop in a 3D power delivery network. In this paper, we propose a design methodology for 3D power delivery networks to minimize the number of power bumps and TSVs with optimum mesh structure and distribute voltage variation more uniformly by shifting the locations of power bumps and TSVs while satisfying IR-drop constraint. Simulation results show that our method can reduce the voltage variation by 29.7% on average while reducing the number of power bumps and TSVs by 76.2% and 15.4%, respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.546-552
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rat intestinal ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitor ; methanol(80%), ethanol(80%) and $dH_2O$ extract of Schizandra chinensis in Korea(KS : Schizandra chinensis in Korea) and China(CS : Schizandra chinensis in China). When the final concentration was 1 $mg/m{\ell}$ for each sample(KS and CS), MeOH extract of KS($IC_{50}$ 1.62 mg/ml) showed 46.8%, EtOH extract of KS($IC_{50}$ 1.48 mg/ml) showed 47.4%, $dH_2O$ extract of KS($IC_{50}$ 1.72 mg/ml) showed 46.3% and MeOH extract of CS($IC_{50}$ 8.35 mg/ml) showed 13.3%, EtOH extract of CS($IC_{50}$ 8.05 mg/ml) showed 16%, $dH_2O$ extract of CS($IC_{50}$ 8.37 mg/ml) showed 11.54% of inhibiter for p-nitrophenyl ${\alpha}$, D-glucopyranoside ${\alpha}-glcosidase$ activity, respectively, And the contents of total phenol, flavonoid of Schizandra chinensis were measured. When the final concentration was 1 $mg/m{\ell}$ for each sample(KS and CS), total phenol and flavonoid in KS were higher than CS, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2009

Doenjang (Korean fermented soybean paste) is a unique fermented food in Korea. It has been traditionally manufactured from soybeans, by Jang Yang process. We focused on the newly formed compound in highly aged Doenjang and its biological activity. One new o-dihydroxyisoflavone, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone and two known o-dihydroxyisoflavone derivatives were isolated from 5-year-old Doenjang and evaluated as potent antioxidant and whitening effect by comparing with other known isoflavone. 7,8,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 1), 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 2) and 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 3) inhibited DPPH (diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) formation by 50 % at a concentration of $21.5{\pm}0.2$, $28.7{\pm}0.4$ and $32.6{\pm}0.6$ ($IC_{50}$) respectively, whereas daidzein showed weak DPPH radical scavenging activity. In superoxide scavenging effect were measured in one assay. Compound 1 ($IC_{50}=18.10{\pm}0.2{\mu}M$) and 2 ($IC_{50}=10.54{\pm}0.4{\mu}M$) show significant inhibitory activity and greater effect than L-ascorbic acid. But compound 3 and daidzein showed lower inhibition activity. Also, o-dihydroxyisoflavone derivatives evaluated as potent inhibitors on tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in melan-a cells. Compound 1 ($IC_{50}=11.21{\pm}0.2{\mu}M$), compound 2 ($IC_{50}=5.23{\pm}0.6{\mu}M$) exhibited significant inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, those compounds are significantly suppressed the cellular melanin formation by 50 % at a concentration of $12.23{\pm}0.7{\mu}M$ (1) and $7.83{\pm}0.7{\mu}M$ (2). This result suggests that 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone from highly aged Doenjang could be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.7
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• pp.15-22
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• 1997

A 10Gbit/s limiting amplifier IC for optical transmission system was implemented with AlGaAs HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) technology. HBTs with 2x10.mu. $m^{2}$ and 6x20.mu. $m^{2}$ emitter size were used. The HBT structures are based on metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) epitxy and employ a mesa structure with self-aligned emitter/base and sidewall dielectric passivation. IC was designed to support differnetial input and output. Small signal performance of the packaged IC showed 26dB gain and $f_{3dB}$ of 8GHz. A single ouput has 800m $V_{p-p}$ swing with more than 26dB dynamic range. The performance of the limiting amplifier was verified through single mode fiber320km transmission link test.est.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.734-737
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• 2004

5,8-Epidioxycholest-6-en-3-ol (1), cholesterol (2), glycerol 1-palmitate (3) and glycerol 1,3-dioleate-2-stearate (4) were isolated from the methanol extract of the sea urchin Diadema setosum, which was collected from the Halong sea, Vietnam. Chemical structures were established based on extensive 1D, 2D-NMR, FAB-MS, EI-MS spectroscopic data and GC-MS analysis. The NMR spectral data of compound 1 were reassigned by using HMQC and HMBC. Compound 1 was found to have strong cytotoxic effect against various cancer cell lines, such as KB ($IC_{50}$, 2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), FL($IC_{50}$, 3.93 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), and Hep-2 ($IC_{50}$, 2.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) by in vitro assay.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.202-206
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• 2001

The effects of various sedative cyclopeptides and peptide alkaloids from the Zizyphus species on calmodulin-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ -ATPase and phosphodiesterase were Investigated. Calmodulin-induced activation of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was strongly inhibited by sanjoinine-A dialdehyde (IC_{50}$, 2.3$\mu\textrm{m}$), -Ah1 (IC_{50}$, 4.0$\mu\textrm{m}$), -A (IC, 4.6$\mu\textrm{m}$), and -G2 (IC_{50}$, 7.2$\mu\textrm{m}$), while calmodulin-induced activation of phosphodiesterase was strongly inhibited by both deachuine- S10 (IC_{50}$, 4.9$\mu\textrm{m}$) and sanjoinine-D (IC_{50}$, 9.0$\mu\textrm{m}$). The inhibitory activity of the various cyclopeptides and peptide alkaloids on $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was found to correlate well with their Sedative activity.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

This paper presents a channel structure for promising high performance pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor(pHEMT) switching device for design and fabricating of microwave control circuits, such as switches, phase shifters, attenuators, limiters, for application in personal mobile communication systems. Using the designed epitaxial channel layer structure and ETRI's $0.5\mu$m pHEMT switch process, single pole double throw (SPDT) Tx/Rx monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) switch was fabricated for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. The SPDT switch exhibits a low insertion loss of 0.849 dB, high isolation of 32.638 dB, return loss of 11.006 dB, power transfer capability of 25dBm, and 3rd order intercept point of 42dBm at frequency of 5.8GHz and control voltage of 0/-3V These performances are enough for an application to 5 GHz band WLAN systems.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.114-117
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• 2002

During the screening of inhibitors of caspase-3 induction in U937 human monocytic leukemia cells from natural sources, Forsythiae fructus, which showed a high level of inhibition, was selected. And then, the compound was purified from the methanol extract using silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. The inhibitor was identified as rengyolone, by spectroscophic methods of ESI-MS, $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$, DEPT, and HMBC. Rengyolone showed inhibitory activity of caspase-3 induction, a major protease of apoptosis cascade, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $6.25\;{\mu}g/mL$ after 7 h of treatment in U937 cells. It also showed inhibitory activity of caspace-1 induction, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $7.50\;{\mu}g/mL$ after 40 h of treatment in D10S cells. In addition, it showed protective effect against cell death with an $IC_{50}$ value of $11\;{\mu}g/mL$ on U937 cells induced by etoposide after 24 h of treatment, but did not show any cytotoxicity at the same condition without etoposide, a caspase 3 inducing agent.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2011

This paper describes 250-Mb/s fiber optic transmitter and receiver ICs for plastic optical fiber applications using a$ 0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. Simple signal and light detection schemes are introduced for power reduction in sleep mode. The transmitter converts non-return-to-zero digital data into 650-nm visible-red light signal and the receiver recovers the digital data from the incident light signal through up to 50-m plastic optical fiber. The transmitter and receiver ICs occupy only 0.62 $mm^2$ of area including electrostatic discharge protection diodes and bonding pads. The transmitter IC consumes 23 mA with 20 mA of LED driving currents, and the receiver IC consumes 16 mA with 4 mA of output driving currents at 250 Mb/s of data rate from a 3.3-V supply in active mode. In sleep mode, the transmitter and receiver ICs consume only 25 ${\mu}A$ and 40 ${\mu}A$, respectively.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2016

The device coupling between the stacked top/bottom field-effect transistors (FETs) in two types of monolithic 3D inverter (M3INV) with/without a metal layer in the bottom tier is investigated, and then the regime of the thickness T_ILD and dielectric constant ε_r of the inter-layer distance (ILD), the doping concentration N_d (N_a), and length L_g of the channel, and the side-wall length L_SW where the stacked FETs are coupled are studied. When N_d (N_a) < 10¹⁶ cm^-3 and L_SW < 20 nm, the threshold voltage shift of the top FET varies almost constantly by the gate voltage of the bottom FET, but when N_d (N_a) > 10¹⁶ cm^-3 or L_SW > 20 nm, the shift decreases and increases, respectively. M3INVs with T_ILD ≥ 50 nm and ε_r ≤ 3.9 can neglect the interaction between the stacked FETs, but when T_ILD or ε_r do not meet the above conditions, the interaction must be taken into consideration.