• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2020

Modular construction is a construction method whereby prefabricated volumetric units are produced in a factory and are installed on site to form a building block. The construction productivity can be substantially improved by the manufacturing and assembly of standardized modular units. 3D printing is a computer-controlled fabrication method first adopted in the manufacturing industry and was utilized for the automated construction of small-scale houses in recent years. Implementing 3D printing in the fabrication of modular units brings huge benefits to modular construction, including increased customization, lower material waste, and reduced labor work. Such implementation also benefits the large-scale and wider adoption of 3D printing in engineering practice. However, a critical issue for 3D printed modules is the loading capacity, particularly in response to horizontal forces like wind load, which requires a deeper understanding of the building structure behavior and the design of load-bearing modules. Therefore, this paper presents the state-of-the-art literature concerning recent achievement in 3D printing for buildings, followed by discussion on the opportunities and challenges for examining 3D printing in modular construction. Promising 3D printing techniques are critically reviewed and discussed with regard to their advantages and limitations in construction. The appropriate structural form needs to be determined at the design stage, taking into consideration the overall building structural behavior, site environmental conditions (e.g., wind), and load-carrying capacity of the 3D printed modules. Detailed finite element modelling of the entire modular buildings needs to be conducted to verify the structural performance, considering the code-stipulated lateral drift, strength criteria, and other design requirements. Moreover, integration of building information modelling (BIM) method is beneficial for generating the material and geometric details of the 3D printed modules, which can then be utilized for the fabrication.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.188-196
• /
• 2007

최근 건설 공사의 규모가 대형화되고 건설 산업의 환경 변화가 빠르게 진행됨에 따라 이에 대응하기 위한 방안으로 건설 산업의 정보화가 중요한 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 이는 정보화 기술의 발달과 타 분야에 비해 건설업의 정보 인프라가 상대적으로 떨어진다는 점도 중요하게 작용하였다. 이러한 점에서 현재 건설업에 정보화를 도입하기 위하여 다양한 분야에서 연구가 진행 중에 있으며 이러한 건설 정보화의 중심에는 3D CAD의 객체 정보가 부각되고 있다. 그러나 설계 도구로서 뿐만 아니라 그 기능의 확장성에 비해 3D CAD는 실무에서의 활용 정도가 매우 저조한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 실무에서 3D CAD의 활용 저조에 대한 원인을 AHP 분석기법을 통해서 고찰해 보았다.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2009

This study is intended to suggest methodologies in theory that is dedicated to improve existing features in BlM tool sets and introduce a new horizon for developing new features in the future so that more functionality can be provided to the work process of architect. To be more utilized of BlM tool sets in a useful way, it is important to make sure to program a calculation method used in the design process which is based on the information provided by architect, such as design item with detailed process and transformed parametric information on warranty data. Finding pros and cons in the usability from the well-known 3D modeling applications and taking highly usable UI features from the existing applications, and using a common wording were carried out. Design architect identifies reusable parametric information and then finds an algorithm between each items so that BlM tool sets can contribute to design field in the future. Therefore, the formula has been developed for the items considering business aspects and architecturing size in the preliminary-design, and design aspects in the schematic design with idendifying inputs and outputs that is necessary to become fixed factors.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2017

Continuous research efforts have been made on acquiring location data on construction sites. As a result, GPS and RFID are increasingly employed on the site to track the location of equipment and materials. However, these systems are based on radio frequency technologies which require attaching tags on every target entity. Implementing the systems incurs time and costs for attaching/detaching/managing the tags or sensors. For this reason, efforts are currently being made to track construction entities using only cameras. Vision-based 3D tracking has been presented in a previous research work in which the location of construction manpower, vehicle, and materials were successfully tracked. However, the proposed system is still in its infancy and yet to be implemented on practical applications for two reasons. First, it does not involve entity matching across two views, and thus cannot be used for tracking multiple entities, simultaneously. Second, the use of a checker board in the camera calibration process entails a focus-related problem when the baseline is long and the target entities are located far from the cameras. This paper proposes a vision-based method to track multiple workers simultaneously. An entity matching procedure is added to acquire the matching pairs of the same entities across two views which is necessary for tracking multiple entities. Also, the proposed method simplified the calibration process by avoiding the use of a checkerboard, making it more adequate to the realistic deployment on construction sites.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2024

This research suggests a novel visualization approach utilizing Generative AI to render photorealistic architectural alternatives images in the early design phase. Photorealistic rendering intuitively describes alternatives and facilitates clear communication between stakeholders. Nevertheless, the conventional rendering process, utilizing 3D modelling and rendering engines, demands sophisticate model and processing time. In this context, the paper suggests a rendering approach employing the text-to-image method aimed at generating a broader range of intuitive and relevant reference images. Additionally, it employs an Text-to-Image method focused on producing a diverse array of alternatives reflecting architects' styles when visualizing the exteriors of residential buildings from the mass model images. To achieve this, fine-tuning for architects' styles was conducted using the Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) method. This approach, supported by fine-tuned models, allows not only single style-applied alternatives, but also the fusion of two or more styles to generate new alternatives. Using the proposed approach, we generated more than 15,000 meaningful images, with each image taking only about 5 seconds to produce. This demonstrates that the Generative AI-based visualization approach significantly reduces the labour and time required in conventional visualization processes, holding significant potential for transforming abstract ideas into tangible images, even in the early stages of design.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 2011

In the current construction industry where various stakeholders take part, BIM Data exchange using standard format can provide a more efficient working environment for related staffs during the life-cycle of the building. Currently, the formats used to exchange the data from 3D-CAD application to structure energy analysis at the design stages are IFC, the international standard format provided by IAI, and gbXML, developed by Autodesk. However, because of insufficient data compatibility, the BIM data produced in the 3D-CAD application cannot be directly used in the energy analysis, thus there needs to be additional data entry. The reasons for this are as follows: First, an IFC file cannot contain all the data required for energy simulation. Second, architects sometimes write material names on the drawings that are not matching to those in the standard material library used in energy analysis tools. DOE-2.2 and Energy Plus are the most popular energy analysis engines. And both engines have their own material libraries. However, our investigation revealed that the two libraries are not compatible. First, the types and unit of properties were different. Second, material names used in the library and the codes of the materials were different. Furthermore, there is no material library in Korean language. Thus, by comparing the basic library of DOE-2, the most commonly used energy analysis engine worldwide, and EnergyPlus regarding construction materials; this study will analyze the material data required for energy analysis and propose a way to effectively enter these using semantic web's ontology. This study is meaningful as it enhances the objective credibility of the analysis result when analyzing the energy, and as a conceptual study on the usage of ontology in the construction industry.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.176-181
• /
• 2007

The widespread of IT technology caused a remarkable change in many industries and the construction industry is also one of them being influenced in the form of CIC(Computer Integrated Construction) and BIM(Building Information Modeling). Construction projects have many participants from various disciplines involved throughout the entire process. Therefore the success of the project greatly depend on the efficiency of decision-making using the information generated from each process stage. Looking from this aspect, the greatest potential value lies in the planning and pre-design stage when considering the construction life cycle. In this paper, we propose a project on developing a 3D object oriented simulation system for supporting the pre design phase. We define the needs for such system through previous case studies and suggest a to be process model. Finally we anticipate the effects that the project will eventually contribute to the construction industry.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2008

건설산업은 기획단계에서 설계, 시공, 유지관리 및 철거단계에 이르기까지 다양한 특성을 가진 프로세스로 구성되어지며, 각 프로세스에는 다양한 업무주체가 참여하고 있다. 최근 건축이 복잡화, 다양화 되어감에 따라 각각의 업무주체들 협업과정상에서 생성되는 다양한 건설정보의 교환표준화에 대한 연구가 활발히 논의되고 있다. 그러나 국제데이터교환 표준인 IFC에 관한 국내 연구로는 IFC의 2D기반확장에 관한 연구, 3D, 4D에 관한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나, 기존 연구에서는 이론적인 방향 제시 및 모델제시에 그치고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 3D CAD Model을 이용하여 국제 건설데이터 교환표준인 IFC의 호환성을 테스트하고, IFC를 이용한 호환성 확보의 문제점을 도출하고자 한다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 건물 실내 공간 정보 획득을 위해 Microsoft사의 $Kinect^{(R)}$ v2를 활용한 point cloud 기법을 도입하였다. 카메라로 취득한 2차원의 투영 공간 이미지 픽셀 좌표를 각 카메라의 보정을 거쳐 3차원 이미지 변환하며 이를 토대로 공간 정보를 구현하였다. 기준점을 중심으로 $360^{\circ}$ 회전하여 취득한 3차원 이미지를 통해 거리 측정이 불가한 기존의 2차원 이미지의 한계를 개선하였으며, 이 과정을 통해 얻은 point cloud를 통해 3차원 map을 형성하였다. 형성된 3차원 map은 기존의 공간정보 융 복합을 위한 센서와 비슷한 수준의 측정 효율을 가지면서 동시에 렌즈 왜곡 현상에 대한 후처리 과정을 통해 공간 정보를 정확하게 측정할 수 있도록 하였다. 측정한 결과를 2D 도면과 실제 공간 및 구조부재의 길이 및 위치 등과 비교하여 검증하였다.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 2022

Earthmoving operations account for approximately 25% of construction cost, generally executed prior to the construction of buildings and structures with heavy equipment. For the successful completion of earthwork projects, it is crucial to constantly monitor earthwork equipment (e.g., trucks), estimate productivity, and optimize the construction process and equipment on a construction site. Traditional methods however require time-consuming and painstaking tasks for the manual observations of the ongoing field operations. This study proposed the use of a GPS sensor embedded in a smartphone for the tracking and visualization of equipment locations, which are in turn used for the estimation and simulation of cycle times and production rates of ongoing earthwork. This approach is implemented into a digital platform enabling real-time data collection and simulation, particularly in a 2D (e.g., maps) or 3D (e.g., point clouds) virtual environment where the spatial and temporal flows of trucks are visualized. In the case study, the digital platform is applied for an earthmoving operation at the site development work of commercial factories. The results demonstrate that the production rates of various equipment usage scenarios (e.g., the different numbers of trucks) can be estimated through simulation, and then, the optimal number of tucks for the equipment fleet can be determined, thus supporting the practical potential of real-time sensing and simulation for onsite equipment management.