• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.687-695
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• 2011

Many internet portals provide maps with spatial information services. Recently, various images including aerial, satellite, street view, and photo-realistic 3D city models are provided as well as maps. This study suggested a method for geometric correction of the panoramic aerial images in the internet portal and 3D building modeling using information which is available in the internet. The key of this study is to obtain all necessary data easily from internet without restrictions. Practically, the ground control coordinates could be available from geo-referenced internet maps, and stereo pairs of the aerial images and close-range photographs for photo-realistic object modeling are provided by the internet service. However, the ground control points are not suitable for accurate mapping. RMSE of the plotting was about 9 meters and reduced upto 4 meters after coordinate transformation. The proposed methods would be applicable to various applications of photo-realistic object modeling which do not require high accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.223-233
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• 2021

Systematic and continuous monitoring and management of the energy consumption of buildings are important for estimating building energy efficiency, and ultimately aim to cope with climate change and establish effective policies for environment, and energy supply and demand policies. Globally, buildings consume 36% of total energy and account for 39% of carbon dioxide emissions. The purpose of this study is to generate three-dimensional thermo-spatial building models with photogrammetric technique using drone TIR (Thermal Infrared) images to measure the temperature emitted from a building, that is essential for the building energy rating system. The aerial triangulation was performed with both optical and TIR images taken from the sensor mounted on the drone, and the accuracy of the models was analyzed. In addition, the thermo-spatial models of temperature distribution of the buildings in three-dimension were visualized. Although shape of the objects 3D building modeling is relatively inaccurate as the spatial and radiometric resolution of the TIR images are lower than that of optical images, TIR imagery could be used effectively to measure the thermal energy of the buildings based on spatial information. This paper could be meaningful to present extension of photogrammetry to various application. The energy consumption could be quantitatively estimated using the temperature emitted from the individual buildings that eventually would be uses as essential information for building energy efficiency rating system.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.23-28
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• 2005

고해상도 위성영상으로부터 건물, 도로 등의 인공지물의 정보를 추출하기 위한 연구들이 현재 활발히 진행되고 있다. 대부분의 기존 연구들의 경우, 위성영상에서 3차원 건물정보를 추출하기 위해서는 영상과 별도의 기준점을 필요로 하며, 영상에서의 측정값을 3차원 정보로 변환하기 위해서는 센서모델링의 과정을 거쳐야 했다. 이 연구에서는 단안식 (Monoscopic)영상으로부터 이러한 복잡한 과정을 거치지 않고 직접 건물의 3차원 정보를 추출하는 기술개발에 대하여 소개한다. 제안하는 방식은 단안식 영상에서 영상의 방위각 및 촬영지역에서의 태양과 카메라의 방위각 및 고도각을 이용하여 건물의 높이가 주어졌을 때 이에 따르는 건물 수직선과 건물 그림자를 영상에 투영시키는 과정을 반복함으로써 투영된 건물 그림자가 실제 영상에서 관측되는 건물의 그림자와 일치될 대의 건물의 높이 값을 구하고 건물 지붕 외각선을 구해진 건물의 높이 값에 따르는 건물 수식선 만큼 수평 이동하여 건물의 위치를 구하게 된다. 실제 대전지역을 촬영한 IKONS 영상을 이용하여 실험한 결과 이와 같은 방법으로 취득 된 건물 높이값이 약 1m 내외의 정확도를 가지는 것을 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.16-16
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• 1995

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.479-493
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• 2016

LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) data acquired from ALS(Airborne Laser Scanner) has been intensively utilized to reconstruct object models. Especially, researches for 3D modeling from LiDAR data have been performed to establish high quality spatial information such as precise 3D city models and true orthoimages efficiently. To reconstruct object models from irregularly distributed LiDAR point clouds, sensor calibration, noise removal, filtering to separate objects from ground surfaces are required as pre-processing. Classification and segmentation based on geometric homogeneity of the features, grouping and representation of the segmented surfaces, topological analysis of the surface patches for modeling, and accuracy assessment are accompanied by modeling procedure. While many modeling methods are based on the segmentation process, this paper proposed to extract key points directly for building modeling without segmentation. The method was applied to simulated and real data sets with various roof shapes. The results demonstrate feasibility of the proposed method through the accuracy analysis.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.6
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• pp.451-462
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• 2009

The spread of satellite image increases various services using it. Especially, 3D visualization services of the whole earth such as $Google\;Earth^{TM}$ and $Virtual\;Earth^{TM}$ or 3D GIS services for several cities provide realistic geometry information of buildings and terrain of wide areas. These service can be used in the various fields such as urban planning, improvement of roads, entertainment, military simulation and emergency response. The research about extracting the building and terrain information effectively from the high-resolution satellite image is required. In this paper, presents a system for effective extraction of the building model from a single high-resolution satellite image, after examine requirements for building model extraction. The proposed system utilizes geometric features of satellite image and the geometric relationship among the building, the shadow of the building, the positions of the sun and the satellite to minimize user interaction. Finally, after extracting the 3D building, the fact that effective extraction of the model from single high-resolution satellite will be show.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2010

The use of airborne LiDAR data obtained by airborne laser scanners has increased in the field of spatial information such as building modeling. LiDAR data consist of irregularly distributed 3D coordinates and lack visual and semantic information. Therefore, LiDAR data processing is complicate. This study suggested a method of LiDAR data segmentation using roof surface patches from aerial images. Each segmented patch was modeled by analyzing geometric characteristics of the LiDAR data. The optimal functions could be determined with segmented data that fits various shapes of the roof surfaces as flat and slanted planes, dome and arch types. However, satisfiable segmentation results were not obtained occasionally due to shadow and tonal variation on the images. Therefore, methods to remove unnecessary edges result in incorrect segmentation are required.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1997

This paper presents a new modeling technique to reconstruct road environments. The reconstruction algorithm for road environments consists of three parts - reconstructing 3D models of architectures in road environments, editing and creating road models, and modeling auxiliary objects. Different modeling technique is applied to each of these three parts according to properties objects to be modeled contain. In this reconstruction system, modified Photogrammetric Modeling techique is used, of which the user interface is more convenient, and in which constraints of road environments are considered. These improvements make this road environment reconstruction system much simpler and easier to use compared with Photogrammetric Modeling technique[1, 2].

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.369-373
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• 2006

A 3D modeling of urban area can be composed the terrain modeling that can express specific and shape of the terrain and the object modeling such as buildings, trees and facilities which are found in urban areas. Especially in a 3D modeling of building, it is very important to make a unit model by simplifying 3D structure and to take a texture mapping, which can help visualize surface information. In this study, the texture mapping technique, based on library for 3D urban modeling, was used for building modeling. This technique applies the texture map in the form of library which is constructed as building types, and then take mapping to the 3D building frame. For effectively apply, this technique, we classified buildings automatically using LiDAR data and made 3D frame using LiDAR and digital map. To express the realistic building texture, we made the texture library using real building photograph.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.621-626
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• 2006

Today's commercial high resolution satellite imagery such as IKONOS and QuickBird, offers the potential to extract useful spatial information for geographical database construction and GIS applications. Extraction of 3D building information from high resolution satellite imagery is one of the most active research topics. There have been many previous works to extract 3D information based on stereo analysis, including sensor modelling. Practically, it is not easy to obtain stereo high resolution satellite images. On single image performance, most studies applied the roof-bottom points or shadow length extracted manually to sensor models with DEM. It is not suitable to apply these algorithms for dense buildings. We aim to extract 3D building information from a single satellite image in a simple and practical way. To measure as many buildings as possible, in this paper, we suggested a new way to extract building height by triangular vector structure that consists of a building bottom point, its corresponding roof point and a shadow end point. The proposed method could increase the number of measurable building, and decrease the digitizing error and the computation efficiency.