• Title/Summary/Keyword: 3D+t

Search Result 6,992, Processing Time 0.037 seconds

Comparison of Drying Yield, Meat Quality, Oxidation Stability and Sensory Properties of Bone-in Shell Loin Cut by Different Dry-aging Conditions

  • Cho, Soohyun;Kang, Sun-Moon;Kim, Yun-Seok;Kim, Young-Chun;Ba, Hoa Van;Seo, Hyun-Woo;Lee, Eun-Mi;Seong, Pil-Nam;Kim, Jin-Hyoung
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
    • /
    • v.38 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1131-1143
    • /
    • 2018
  • This study aimed to investigate the drying yield, meat quality, oxidation stability and sensory properties of Hanwoo beef loin subjected to different dry-aging conditions. A total of 54 Hanwoo beef loins (bone-in, $6^{th}-13^{th}$ ribs) with fat cover at 2 d postmortem were assigned to four groups and hung in a dry-aging room at a controlled temperature ($2^{\circ}C-4^{\circ}C$), humidity (65%-85%) and air velocity (3 m/s). Four treatment conditions were tested; the respective temperature, humidity and treatment duration are as follows: T1, $2^{\circ}C$, 85%, 60 d; T2, $2^{\circ}C$, 65%, $20d+2^{\circ}C$, 75%, $20d+4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 20 d; T3, $2^{\circ}C$, 75%, $20d+4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 40 d; T4, $4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 60 d. The drying yield, total aerobic counts and fat contents increased, whereas the moisture content, meat color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$), and Warner-Bratzler shear force values decreased significantly during the aging period for all treatments (p<0.05). The cooking loss (%) did not change significantly until 40 d, and it was significantly higher in T1 and T4 than in T2 and T3 at 60 d (p<0.05). The water-holding capacity, pH and lipid oxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values] increased during aging (p<0.05). The sensory scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability of dry-aged loin muscles increased as the aging period increased. T2 and T3 had significantly higher sensory scores and T1 had significantly lower scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability at 20, 40, and 60 d for loin muscles (p<0.05).

EVALUATION E(exp(∫0th(s)dx(s)) ON ANALOGUE OF WIENER MEASURE SPACE

  • Park, Yeon-Hee
    • Honam Mathematical Journal
    • /
    • v.32 no.3
    • /
    • pp.441-451
    • /
    • 2010
  • In this paper we evaluate the analogue of Wiener integral ${\int\limits}_{C[0,t]}x(t_1){\cdots}x(t_n)d\omega_\rho(x)$ where 0 = $t_0$ < $t_1$ $\cdots$ < $t_n$ $\leq$ t and the Paley-Wiener-Zygmund integral ${\int\limits}_{C[0,t]}$ exp $({\int\limits}_0^t h(s)\tilde{d}x(s))d\omega_\rho(x)$ is the analogue of Wiener measure space.

Weak Separation Axioms in Generalized Topological Spaces

  • Renukadevi, V.;Sivaraj, D.
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
    • /
    • v.54 no.3
    • /
    • pp.387-399
    • /
    • 2014
  • We show that in quasi-topological spaces, separation axiom $T_2$ is equivalent to ${\alpha}-T_2$, $T_0$ is equivalent to semi - $T_0$, and semi - $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ is equivalent to semi - $T_D$. Also, we give characterizations for ${\alpha}-T_1$, semi - $T_1$ and semi - $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ generalized topological spaces.

Device Coupling Effects of Monolithic 3D Inverters

  • Yu, Yun Seop;Lim, Sung Kyu
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.40-44
    • /
    • 2016
  • The device coupling between the stacked top/bottom field-effect transistors (FETs) in two types of monolithic 3D inverter (M3INV) with/without a metal layer in the bottom tier is investigated, and then the regime of the thickness TILD and dielectric constant εr of the inter-layer distance (ILD), the doping concentration Nd (Na), and length Lg of the channel, and the side-wall length LSW where the stacked FETs are coupled are studied. When Nd (Na) < 1016 cm-3 and LSW < 20 nm, the threshold voltage shift of the top FET varies almost constantly by the gate voltage of the bottom FET, but when Nd (Na) > 1016 cm-3 or LSW > 20 nm, the shift decreases and increases, respectively. M3INVs with TILD ≥ 50 nm and εr ≤ 3.9 can neglect the interaction between the stacked FETs, but when TILD or εr do not meet the above conditions, the interaction must be taken into consideration.

A Study on the T-branch Forming with 3-D Finite Element Method (3차원 유한요소법을 이용한 T형 가지관의 용접자리 성형 방법에 관한 연구)

  • 홍대훈;황두순;신동필;홍성인
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
    • /
    • v.10 no.1
    • /
    • pp.23-29
    • /
    • 2001
  • In this study, the optimized initial hole shape for T-branch forming was proposed to obtain effective welding region. Design variables were determined by approximation analysis using volume constant condition. We performed 3D elastic-plastic FEM(Finite Element Method) analysis to simulate T-branch forming process. The variation of height and thickness of T-branch with various hole shapes was investigated. The optimized initial hole shape equation was obtained by using results for the numerical analysis.

  • PDF

Segmentation of MR Brain Image Using Scale Space Filtering and Fuzzy Clustering (스케일 스페이스 필터링과 퍼지 클러스터링을 이용한 뇌 자기공명영상의 분할)

  • 윤옥경;김동휘;박길흠
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
    • /
    • v.3 no.4
    • /
    • pp.339-346
    • /
    • 2000
  • Medical image is analyzed to get an anatomical information for diagnostics. Segmentation must be preceded to recognize and determine the lesion more accurately. In this paper, we propose automatic segmentation algorithm for MR brain images using T1-weighted, T2-weighted and PD images complementarily. The proposed segmentation algorithm is first, extracts cerebrum images from 3 input images using cerebrum mask which is made from PD image. And next, find 3D clusters corresponded to cerebrum tissues using scale filtering and 3D clustering in 3D space which is consisted of T1, T2, and PD axis. Cerebrum images are segmented using FCM algorithm with its initial centroid as the 3D cluster's centroid. The proposed algorithm improved segmentation results using accurate cluster centroid as initial value of FCM algorithm and also can get better segmentation results using multi spectral analysis than single spectral analysis.

  • PDF

Development of 3D Woven Preform π-beam based on T-beam Made of Laminated Composites (적층복합재료 T-빔 기반의 3차원 직조 프리폼 π-빔 개발)

  • Park, Geon-Tae;Lee, Dong-Woo;Byun, Joon-hyung;Song, Jung-il
    • Composites Research
    • /
    • v.33 no.3
    • /
    • pp.115-124
    • /
    • 2020
  • Laminate composites, especially Carbon fiber-reinforced composites are wide used in various industry such as aerospace and automotive industry due to their high specific strength and specific stiffness. However, the laminate composites has a big disadvantage that delamination occurs because the arrangement of the fibers is all arranged in the in-plane direction, which limits the field of application of the laminate composites. In this study, we first developed a laminate composites T-beam in which π-beam and flat plate were combined and optimized the design parameters through structural analysis and mechanical tests. Afterwards, 3D weave preform T-beam was developed by applying the same design parameters of laminate composites T-beams, and improved mechanical strength was achieved compared to laminated structures. These findings are expected to be applicable to existing laminated composite structures that require increased strength.

Second Order Derivations on Cn[0, 1]

  • Park, Dal-Won
    • Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
    • /
    • v.3 no.1
    • /
    • pp.41-48
    • /
    • 1990
  • Let D' : $C^n$[0, 1] ${\rightarrow}$ M be a second order derivation from the Banach algebra of n times continuously differentiable functions on [0, 1] into a Banach $C^n$[0, 1]-module M and let D be the primitive of D'. If D' is continuous and D'(z) lies in the 1-differential subspace, then it is completely determined by D(z) and D'(z) where z(t)=t, $0{\leq}t{\leq}1$.

  • PDF

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 affects thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

  • Dain Wi;Chan Yoon Park
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • /
    • v.18 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-18
    • /
    • 2024
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in adipose tissue causes an inflammatory response and leads to metabolic diseases. However, the association between vitamin D and adipose ER stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) alleviates ER stress in adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 cells were treated with different concentrations (i.e., 10-100 nM) of 1,25(OH)2D3 after or during differentiation (i.e., on day 0-7, 3-7, or 7). They were then incubated with thapsigargin (TG, 500 nM) for an additional 24 h to induce ER stress. Next, we measured the mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in unfold protein response (UPR) and adipogenesis using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting and quantified the secreted protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the mRNA levels of UPR pathway genes were measured in adipocytes transfected with siRNA-targeting Vdr. RESULTS: Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 during various stages of adipocyte differentiation significantly inhibited ER stress induced by TG. In fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment suppressed mRNA levels of Ddit3, sXbp1, and Atf4 and decreased the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. However, downregulation of the mRNA levels of Ddit3, sXbp1, and Atf4 following 1,25(OH)2D3 administration was not observed in Vdr-knockdown adipocytes. In addition, exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited transcription of Ddit3, sXbp1, Atf4, Bip, and Atf6 and reduced the p-alpha subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α)/eIF2α and p-protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)/PERK protein ratios. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment before adipocyte differentiation reduced adipogenesis and the mRNA levels of adipogenic genes. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 prevents TG-induced ER stress and inflammatory responses in mature adipocytes by downregulating UPR signaling via binding with Vdr. In addition, the inhibition of adipogenesis by vitamin D may contribute to the reduction of ER stress in adipocytes.

The Effect of 3D PRINTING and Physical Education Central STEAM Program on the Subject Interest and Creative Attitude of Middle School Students (3D 프린팅과 체육 중심 STEAM프로그램이 중학생의 교과흥미도 및 창의적 태도에 미치는 영향)

  • Ryu, Chung-Hyun;Cho, Gun-Sang
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
    • /
    • v.15 no.1
    • /
    • pp.547-557
    • /
    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3D PRINTING and physical education central STEAM program on the subject interest and creative attitude of middle school students. In order to achieve this purpose, this research collected data from two different groups; a control group (n=98) and a comparison group (n=101) who are attending middle schools located in Gyeonggi-do. The exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, independent t-test and paired t-test were conducted by the IBM SPSS 20.0 program. The results are as follows; First, physical education central STEAM utilizing 3D PRINTING is efficient in the subject interest. Second, physical education central STEAM utilizing 3D PRINTING is efficient in the creative attitude.