• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.77-81
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• 2008

As a continuation of a previous work by Park et al. (2006), we have developed a two-element radio interferometer that can measure both the phase and amplitude of a visibility function. Two small radio telescopes with diameters of 2.3 m are used as before, but this time an external reference oscillator is shared by the two telescopes so that the local oscillator frequencies are identical. We do not use a hardware correlator; instead we record signals from the two telescopes onto a PC and then perform software correlation. Complex visibilities are obtained toward the sun at ${\lambda}\;=\;21\;cm$, for 24 baselines with the use of the earth rotation and positional changes of one element, where the maximum baseline length projected onto UV plane is ${\sim}\;90{\lambda}$. As expected, the visibility amplitude decreases with the baseline length, while the phase is almost constant. The image obtained by the Fourier transformation of the visibility function nicely delineates the sun, which is barely resolved due to the limited baseline length. The experiment demonstrates that this system can be used as a "toy" interferometer at least for the education of (under)graduate students.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.155-165
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• 2008

A method to determine the azimuth of a baseline by using the measured apparent directions of the Sun, the measurement time and the latitude and the longitude of the survey point. Comparing the azimuths determined by this method and those determined by the PDGPS(Post Processed Differential GPS) on 3 different baselines, the differences (this method - PDGPS) between the azimuths determined by two methods were -13", +45" and +24" respectively. This method can be used as an effective and rapid tool in cases that require the accuracy lower than 1 arc-min.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2021

Objective: Insomnia is a very common symptom of cancer and has a substantial effect on the patients' quality of life. This study aimed to identify the effects of foot reflexology on insomnia in cancer patients. Methods: The study employed a before-after test design on a single group of 13 cancer patients with insomnia, selected by convenience sampling in Daegu. The foot reflexology treatment comprised 30-min sessions twice a week over four weeks. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were measured at the baseline, at 2 and 4 weeks, and after 4 weeks post treatment completion. Brief Fatigue Inventory-Korean (BFI-K), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were measured at baseline, post-treatment, and 4 weeks after completing treatments. Results: Thirteen patients (mean age 44.77 ± 6.70 years), with thyroid, breast or cervical cancer, were included in the study. Post-treatment, PSQI (from 12.33 ± 3.17 to 8.54 ± 3.43, p<0.001), ISI (from 20.33 ± 3.88 to 13.38 ± 4.23, p<0.001), FACT-G (from 49.6 ± 13.27 to 61.35 ± 14.45, p<0.001), and BFI (from 6.46 ± 0.91 to 5.00 ± 2.02, p<0.001) scores improved significantly over those at the baseline. Conclusion: Foot reflexology can be a good alternative treatment to improve insomnia, fatigue, and quality of life in cancer patients

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2022

Objective: Insomnia is a very common symptom and has a great effect on the quality of life in cancer patients. This study was conducted to identify the effects of the aroma therapy on insomnia in cancer patients. Methods: The study was performed with one group in before-after test design. The subjects were 15 cancer patients with insomnia selected by convenience sampling in Daegu. The aroma therapy consists of 10-minute sessions twice a week over 6 weeks. The PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), ISI (Insomnia Severity Index) were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 weeks, after 6 weeks after finishing treatment. STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), FACT-G (Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-General), HRV (Heart Rate Variability) were measured at baseline, post-treatment and after 6 weeks after finishing treatments. Results: Fifteen patients (mean age 50.93 ± 7.29 years), with breast, ovarian or gastric cancer, participated this study. At post-treatment, PSQI (from 14.18 ± 2.64 to 6.18 ± 3.03), ISI (from 19.00 ± 3.19 to 8.18 ± 5.14), FACT-G (from 55.65 ± 11.20 to 66.91 ± 12.33), and STAI (from 40.36 ± 8.10 to 34.73 ± 9.81, from 45.64 ± 6.07 to 39.73 ± 9.37) scores improved significantly over baseline(p<0.001). Conclusion: Aroma therapy improved insomnia, anxiety and quality of life on cancer patients.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.36
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• pp.71-76
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• 2016

In this study, we determined the precise coordinates of TBMs (Tidal Bench Marks), which used as the national reference points in coastal area of Korea, using a GPS data analysis SW for the academic and scientific applications, GAMIT/GLOBK. For accurate 3-D positioning of TBM locations, we performed the GPS point surveying according to the national surveying policy and also acquired the GPS data for 48 TBMs located in the western and southern coastal part of Korea. Considering the results of baseline analysis to each observation session obtained from GAMIT module, the baseline analysis was realized to be done precisely because the values of Normalized RMS (NRMS) were mostly less than ${\pm}0.20mm$. Before the network adjustment using GLOBK module, we evaluated the suitability of observations for each session by applying the chi-squared test (${\chi}^2$ test) to the degree of freedom in observed session. An overall distributions of ${\chi}^2$ test were less than 1.0 for all sessions, and the statistical of ${\chi}^2$ test showed the average, 0.267 with minimum and maximum value, 0.063 and 0.653, respectively. Finally, we analyzed the network adjustment for 48 TBMs to reduce the residuals of baseline analysis on each point by connecting with 42 permanent GPS stations in Korea. In the network adjustment procedure, we set up the weighted values of each permanent station to be allocated between 0.9 and 1.14, and also removed the observed points having residual exceeds 4-times of standard deviation ($4{\sigma}$).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 2014

Purpose: Aggressive periodontitis, especially in its severe form, was traditionally considered to have an unfavourable prognosis. It required a complex treatment and its stabilization was often achieved by surgical therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the results of nonsurgical periodontal treatment in severe generalized forms of aggressive periodontitis. Methods: Patients with advanced generalized aggressive periodontitis were included in the study. Probing depth (PD) of pockets ${\geq}7mm$ and clinical attachment level (CAL) of sites with attachment loss ${\geq}5mm$ were measured at baseline before nonsurgical periodontal treatment, at re-evaluation, and after treatment. The following other parameters were recorded: resolution of inflammation and bone fill. We compared the baseline values with re-evaluation and posttreatment values using the Friedman test. The Wilcoxon test with the Bonferroni correction was used for both re-evaluation and posttreatment values. Results: Seven patients with 266 periodontal sites were examined. A significant difference was found between values, reported as medians with interquartile ranges, for PD at baseline (7.94 [7.33-8.19] mm) and both re-evaluation (4.33 [3.63-5.08] mm) and posttreatment (3.54 [3.33-4.11] mm) values (P=0.002). A significant difference was also found between values for CAL at baseline (9.02 [7.5-9.2] mm) and both re-evaluation (6.55 [6.30-6.87] mm) and posttreatment (6.45 [5.70-6.61] mm) (P=0.002). Inflammation was resolved and angular bone defects were repaired in all cases. Conclusions: These therapeutic results suggest that this form of periodontitis could have positive outcomes after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. The reparative potential of tissue affected by severe aggressive periodontitis should encourage clinicians to save apparently hopeless teeth in cases of this form of periodontitis.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.3 s.47
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• pp.146-153
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• 2006

A performance test of the stainless steel based sintered metal filter was conducted on the low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) vitrification process. The applicability of the metal filter was based on the test results as well. The baseline pressure drop of the metal filter was evaluated similar to the ceramic filter. During the test, when the flow rate of off-gas was $110Nm^{3}/h$, the total baseline pressure drop was shown as $92mmH_{2}O$. The total pressure drop was attributed to the filter media and the residual dust layer and the value of each was $25mmH_{2}O\;and\;67mmH_{2}O$ respectively. The SEM-EDS spectrum and micrograph of the metal filter specimen showed, no corrosion and no physical damage both at the skin membrane and at the support layer. And most of the baseline pressure drop was caused by the deposition of dust on the surface of the membrane. In conclusion, even though the filter exposure time was short at the test, the performance of the stainless steel based metal filter was acceptable for the treatment of LILW vitrification process.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.401-412
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare the anesthetic effects of intravenous tiletamine-zolazepam(TZ, 7mg/kg TZ), tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine(TZX, 7mg/kg TZ and 1.1mg/kg X) and ketamine-xylazine(KX, 10mg/kg K and 1.1mg/kg X). Fifteen mixed-breed healthy dogs($3.5{\pm}1.0kg$) were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups(TZ, TZX, KX) with 5 dogs in each group. The mean surgical anesthesia time was $25.6{\pm}4.2$, $62.6{\pm}6.2$ and $21.0{\pm}3.7$ min in TZ-, TZX- and KX-anesthetized dogs, respectively. The duration of the loss of response to toe-web needle prick and to visceral pain was significantly increased in the TZX group with $40.0{\pm}15.8$ min and $44.0{\pm}5.5$ min, respectively(p<0.01). Heart rate decreased significantly below baseline in TZX and KX groups(p<0.05, p<0.01) whereas it increased above baseline in TZ group. Respiratory rate remained unchanged or increased above baseline in TZ group, but decreased significantly from 10 to 30 min in TZX(p<0.01, p<0.05) and at 10 min in KX group(p<0.05). Body temperature decreased significantly below baseline in all three groups(p<0.01, p<0.05). Hematologic(PCV, RBC, WBC) and serum chemistry values(GOT, GPT, BUN, creatinine, total protein, glucose) were monitored before anesthesia, after recovery from anesthesia and 1, 3 and 7 days postanesthesia. All hematologic values remained generally within normal ranges, and GOT, GPT, BUN, creatinine and total protein values were within normal ranges during the period. Glucose values for TZX and KX groups increased greatly after recovery from anesthesia. We conclude that tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine provides effective surgical anesthesia in dogs and in many cases may be preferable to conventional ketamine-xylazine regimen.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2010

The video surveillance system is adopted in many places due to its efficiency and constancy in monitoring a specific area over a long period of time. However, many surveillance systems composed of a single static camera often produce unsatisfactory results due to their lack of field of view. In this paper, we present a video surveillance system based on wide baseline stereo cameras to overcome the limitation. We adopt the codebook algorithm and mathematical morphology to robustly model the foreground pixels of the moving object in the scene and calculate the trajectory of the moving object via 3D reconstruction. The experimental results show that the proposed system detects a moving object and generates a top view trajectory successfully to track the location of the object in the world coordinates.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2020

Background: The elevated risk of occupational infection such as tuberculosis among health workers in many countries raises the question of whether the quality of occupational health and safety (OHS) and infection prevention and control (IPC) can be improved by auditing. The objectives of this study were to measure (1) audited compliance of primary health-care facilities in South Africa with national standards for OHS and IPC, (2) change in compliance at reaudit three years after baseline, and (3) the inter-rater reliability of the audit. Methods: The study analyzed audits of 60 primary health-care facilities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Baseline external audits in the time period 2011-2012 were compared with follow-up internal audits in 2014-2015. Audits at 25 facilities that had both internal and external audits conducted in 2014/2015 were used to measure reliability. Results: At baseline, 25% of 60 facilities were "noncompliant" (audit score<50%), 48% "conditionally compliant" (score >50 < 80%), and only 27% "compliant" (score >80%). Overall, there was no significant improvement in compliance three years after baseline. Percentage agreement on specific items between internal and external audits ranged from 28% to 92% and kappa from -0.8 to 0.41 (poor to moderate). Conclusion: Low baseline compliance with OHS-IPC measures and lack of improvement over three years reflect the difficulties of quality improvement in these domains. Low inter-rater reliability of the audit instrument undermines the audit process. Evidence-based investment of effort is required if repeat auditing is to contribute to occupational risk reduction for health workers.