• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.292-301
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to design and develop a broadband ultrasonic transducer that has both wide bandwidth and high sensitivity to measure broadband echoes related to identifying fish species. A broadband ultrasonic transducer providing a nearly flat transmitting response band of 40.2-75.5 kHz with a -12 dB bandwidth of 35.3 kHz was achieved by integrating 12 tonpilz transducer elements operating at different resonance frequencies. The average transmitting voltage response, receiving sensitivity, and figure of merit values in this frequency band were 168.4 dB (re $1{\mu}Pa/V$ at 1 m), -196.8 dB (re $1V/{\mu}Pa$), and -28.4 dB, respectively. The results suggest that bandwidth and sensitivity can be widened and improved by adjusting the array pattern and the structure of tonpilz transducer elements.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.33-35
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• 2005

In this paper, a two-mass system for SiOG (Silicon on Glass) vibratory gyroscope with the need of frequency tuning was proposed to increase the stability of the device with wide bandwidth. Air damping and bandwidth were analyzed using MATLAB. The measured resonance frequency is 5.2 kHz, which is 7 kHz in the design. But the measured bandwidth is 450 Hz, similar to the designed bandwidth with 500 Hz. Also the frequency difference (210 Hz) between the driving and sensing part is smaller than the wide bandwidth of two mass system.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.312-322
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• 1999

A ultrasonic transduce with a single acoustic matching layer has been designed as an attempt to increase the bandwidth of underwater transducer. The wideband resonance condition was accomplished by attaching a single matching layer on the front face of a ceramic resonator composed of a piezoelectric bar, a taper part and a head part. A modified Mason's model was used for the performance analysis and the design of transducers, and the constructed transducers were tested experimentally and numerically by changing the impedance and thickness of the matching layer in the water tank.The obtained results are summarized as follows:1. Measured resonant and antiresonant frequencies of the piezoelectric transducer with no matching layer in air were 24.7 kHz and 25.6 kHz, respectively. 2. Two resonant frequencies of the piezoelectric transducer with a single matching layer were 21.7 kHx and 26.9 kHz, respectively, in air and 21.4 kHz and 22.7 kHz, respectively, with a water load.3. Two distinct resonance peaks in the transmitting voltage response(TVR) of the developed transducer were observed at 22.0 kHz and 25.8 kHz, respectively, with center frequency of 24.0 kHz. The values of TVR at these frequencies were 130.1 dB re $1 \muPa$/V at 22.0 kHz and 128.5 dB re $1 \muPa$/V at 25.8 kHz, respectively.Reasonable agreement between the experimental results and the numerical values was achieved.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1998

어종의 식별을 위한 수중음향학적 정보를 수집하는 데 사용하기 위한 광대역 초음파 변환기를 개발할 목적으로 저주파용 Tonpilz형 초음파 변환기를 설계, 제작하고, 이 변환기의 음향 방사면에 $Al_2O_3$와 epoxy 수지를 서로 혼합하여 생성한 복합재료층과 폴리우레탄 수지로서 제작한 음향 정합층을 각각 직렬 접착시킨 복합구조 초음파 변환기의 광대역 주파수 특성에 대하여 분석, 고찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) Tonpilz형 transducer (head mass : 알류미늄 / 두께 22.0 mm, tail mass : 황동 / 두께 15.0 mm )의 음향 방사면에 두께 7.0 mm의 $Al_2O_3$와 epoxy 수지로서 생성한 복합재료층의 두께 18.0 mm의 폴리우레탄 수지로서 제작한 정합층을 직열접착한 복합 구조 초음파 변환기의 - 3 dB점에 대한 하한 및 상한 주파수 범위는 35.0~42.3 kHz (${\Delta}f=7.3 kHz)$이었고, 이 주파수 구간에 있어서의 송파전압감도의 최대치는 135.7 dB re $1\;{\mu}Pa/V$ 이었다. 2) Tonpilz형 transducer (head mass : 알류미늄 / 두께 23.0 mm, tail mass : 황동 / 두께 15.0 mm )의 음향 방사면에 두께 11.0 mm의 $Al_2O_3$와 epoxy 수지로서 제작한 복합재료층과 두께 15.8.0 mm의 폴리우레탄 수지로서 제작한 정합층을 직열접착한 복합 구조 초음파 변환기의 - 3 dB점에 대한 하한 및 상한 주파수 범위는 35.5~41.73 kHz (${\Delta}f=6.2 kHz)$이었고, 이 주파수 구간에 있어서의 송파전압감도의 최대치는 136.3 dB re $1\;{\mu}Pa/V$ 이었다. 3) 본 연구에서 시작한 복합구조 초음파 변환기에 chirp 신호(펄스 폭 4 ms, 중심주파수 40 kHz, 대역폭 40 kHz)를 인가하고, 수중방사음역에 있어서의 시간응답특성을 조사한 결과, 그 응답특성은 송신전압감도의 주파수특성과 매우 잘 일치하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구에서 설계, 제작한 이중정합층을 갖는 복합구조 초음파 변환기는 단순구조의 Tonpilz형 초음파 변환기와 비교하여 비록 송파전압감도에 있어서는 약 5 dB 정도의 음향출력의 손실이 불가피하지만, 그 대신 주파수 대역폭을 약 5 재 정도 확대시킬 수 있는 장점이 있기 때문에 이 넓은 주파수 대역을 효과적으로 활용하면 어종식별을 위한 음향산란신호를 정량적으로 수집 및 평가하는 것이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2005

최근 낮은 기가비트급 광통신 집적회로의 구현에 sub-micron CMOS 공정이 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 표준 0.35mm CMOS 공정을 이용하여 4채널 3.125Gb/s 차동 전치증폭기 어레이를 구현하였다. 설계한 각 채널의 전치증폭기는 차동구조로 regulated cascode (RGC) 설계 기법을 이용하였고, 액티브 인덕터를 이용한 인덕티브 피킹 기술을 이용하여 대역폭 확장을 하였다 Post-layout 시뮬레이션 결과, 각 채널 당 59.3dBW의 트랜스임피던스 이득, 0.5pF 기생 포토다이오드 캐패시턴스에 대해 2.450Hz의 -3dB 대역폭, 그리고 18.4pA/sqrt(Hz)의 평균 노이즈 전류 스펙트럼 밀도를 보였다. 전치증폭기 어레이의 공급전원은 단일전압 3.3V 이고, 전력소모는 92mw이다. 이는 4채널 RGC 전치증폭기 어레이가 저전력, 초고속 광인터컨넥트 분야에 적합함을 보여준다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.284-290
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• 1999

This paper describes a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulator and demodulator and the experimented underwater data ommunication equipment to transfer the analog echo signal in real-time from an underwater vehicle to the mother ship. The system consists of an echo signal transfer unit equipped to the vehicle and an ultrasonic receiver equipped on the ship. The former includes an ultrasonic transceiver unit of 180kHz for echo detection and a continuous wave transmitter of 50kHz with a FSK modulator for echo transmission to the ship. The latter includes an ultrasonic receiver of 50kHz and the FSK demodulator. The results of experiment are as follows. 1. The characteristics of the FSK modulating and demodulating circuits designed with the use of C-MOS IC 4046 was good and confirmed its usefulness in underwater data communication system.2. The prototype ultrasonic transceiver unit shows profitable driving power while the pulse duration was short less than 3 msec, but it was found that the driving power is not sufficient while the long pulse duration or continuous wave is used. The gain of the ultrasonic receiver was 80 dB and the receiving bandwidth 700Hz (at - 3 dB point).3. It was found that the system designed by the author has some possibility to use in underwater echo transfer.4. At the FSK modulator, the widths of voltage and frequency which represent linearity were 3.5 V, 1600Hz, respectively, at the FSK demodulator 2.6 V, 700Hz, respectively.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.285-285
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• 1999

This paper describes a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulator and demodulator and the experimented underwater data ommunication equipment to transfer the analog echo signal in real-time from an underwater vehicle to the mother ship. The system consists of an echo signal transfer unit equipped to the vehicle and an ultrasonic receiver equipped on the ship. The former includes an ultrasonic transceiver unit of 180kHz for echo detection and a continuous wave transmitter of 50kHz with a FSK modulator for echo transmission to the ship. The latter includes an ultrasonic receiver of 50kHz and the FSK demodulator. The results of experiment are as follows. 1. The characteristics of the FSK modulating and demodulating circuits designed with the use of C-MOS IC 4046 was good and confirmed its usefulness in underwater data communication system.2. The prototype ultrasonic transceiver unit shows profitable driving power while the pulse duration was short less than 3 msec, but it was found that the driving power is not sufficient while the long pulse duration or continuous wave is used. The gain of the ultrasonic receiver was 80 dB and the receiving bandwidth 700Hz (at - 3 dB point).3. It was found that the system designed by the author has some possibility to use in underwater echo transfer.4. At the FSK modulator, the widths of voltage and frequency which represent linearity were 3.5 V, 1600Hz, respectively, at the FSK demodulator 2.6 V, 700Hz, respectively.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 다중 전하펌프를 이용하여 빠른 위상고정 시간을 갖는 새로운 위상고정루프를 제안하였다. 제안된 위상고정 루프는 세 개의 전하펌프를 사용하여 루프필터의 실효 커패시턴스와 저항을 위상고정 상태에 따라 각 전하펌프의 전류량 크기와 방향 제어를 통해 증감시킬 수 있다. 위상고정루프의 위상고정 상태에 따라 루프 대역폭을 제어하여 빠른 위상고정 시간을 갖는 위상고정루프를 설계하였다. 또한 전체 칩 영역의 많은 부분을 차지하는 커패시터의 크기를 제안된 구조로 최소화하였다. 저항과 커패시터를 모두 포함한 29.9KHz의 대역폭의 위상고정루프를 $990{\mu}m\;{\times}\;670{\mu}m$ 크기로 설계하였다. 제안된 위상고정 루프는 3.3V $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정을 이용하여 제작되었다. 851.2MHz 출력 주파수에서 측정된 위상 잡음은 -90.45 dBc/Hz@1MHz이며, 위상고정시간은 $6{\mu}s$ 보다 작은 값을 가진다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2017

In this paper, a $4{\times}32$-channel neural recording system capable of acquiring neural signals is introduced. Four 32-channel neural recording ICs, complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), a micro controller unit (MCU) with USB interface, and a PC are used. Each neural recording IC, implemented in $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS technology, includes 32 channels of analog front-ends (AFEs), a 32-to-1 analog multiplexer, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The mid-band gain of the AFE is adjustable in four steps, and have a tunable bandwidth. The AFE has a mid-band gain of 54.5 dB to 65.7 dB and a bandwidth of 35.3 Hz to 5.8 kHz. The high-pass cutoff frequency of the AFE varies from 18.6 Hz to 154.7 Hz. The input-referred noise (IRN) of the AFE is $10.2{\mu}V_{rms}$. A high-resolution, low-power ADC with a high conversion speed achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 50.63 dB and a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 63.88 dB, at a sampling-rate of 2.5 MS/s. The effectiveness of our neural recording system is validated in in-vivo recording of the primary somatosensory cortex of a rat.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2009

This paper discusses the design and fabrication of a reference signal generator for a naval radar system, including the vibration environment test. The transmit signals of the S-band radar system are synthesized by the reference signal and the phase noise must lower than - 130 dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset frequency. To achieve this specification, the phase noise of the reference signal needs to be less than -165 dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset. For achieving very low phase noise performance by the reference signal generator, the phase locked loop technique is applied with a 10 Hz loop bandwidth. Also, this reference signal generator has ${\pm}0.35\;ppb$ short-term stability to minimize instant phase errors and high vibration sensitivity against a ship's shaking, unbalanced rotating of antennas and so on.