• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.270-275
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• 2011

Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is known as an anomaly consisting of respiratory obstruction with glossoptosis, micrognathia and cleft palate in a newborn. The etiology of PRS is not known, but several factors may be involved simultaneously. Mortality rate of PRS is about 5~30% and the treatment method is divided into both conventional treatments and surgical interventions. If the respiratory obstruction is not resolved by the conventional method, surgical treatment, such as subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth, tongue-lip adhesion, tracheostomy, distraction osteogenesis may be needed. This study reports a case of PRS in a newborn male at 20 days, with dyspnea and feeding difficulties. Clinical examination showed micrognathia with glossoptosis and cleft palate as the typical PRS triad. We tried surgical intervention with subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth and tongue-lip adhesion and surgery was successful. At $19^{th}$ months, we also repaired the incomplete cleft palate successfully using 2-Flap palatoplasty.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.242-245
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• 2010

Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) describes the clinical triad of micro- and/or retrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft soft palate. Glossopexy has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment in selected cases of obstruction caused by glossoptosis (generally 6 to 10 months of glossopexy period). If radiofrequency therapy (RF) can reduce tongue volume in PRS, it will be helpful in early releasing of the glossopexy. Two-dayold patient showed a PRS triad. Intermittent cyanosis, respiratory difficulty and feeding problems were also observed. The respiration was not improved and prolonged intubation increased the possibility of respiratory complications like pneumonia. The surgical intervention- glossopexy and RF was done 20 days after birth. We applied RF combined with conventional glossopexy and could get successful results while reducing the overall treatment time to 6 weeks. The follow-up until 12 months after birth was uneventful. Considering that early recovery is highly beneficial to PRS patients by reducing risks associated with glossopexy and low energy RF application is very simple and low risk to patient, our combination therapy should be considered for the treatment of airway problem related to PRS.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2019

Pierre Robin sequence(PRS) is characterized by a triad of clinical signs: micrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft palate. These anatomical deformities of PRS predispose patients to respiratory problems and feeding difficulties at birth. Maintaining oral hygiene and enduring dental treatment are complicated by their general conditions of PRS patients. We present a case of dental treatment of PRS patient under general anesthesia. A 3-year-old boy with PRS visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital for caries treatment. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed multiple carious lesions. Considering the patient's medical condition and compliance of treatment, dental treatment under general anesthesia was decided. Despite expected challenges of managing the airway of the patient, intubation was performed successfully. The patient was treated with pulp treatments and restorations using composite resin and stainless steel crowns. No complications were observed during and after the procedure.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2006

Freshwater algal studies in North polar environments are relatively few. This study presented the algal-flora, -biomass and genetic features of dominant cells collected from temporary ponds around the Polar Research Station (PRS), Norway. Water samples were collected from 4 stations around PRS, and analyzed for their environmental and biological variables. Water temperature, salinity and conductivity ranged from 5 to $10^{\circ}C$, 0.1 to $0.3%_{\circ}$ and 0.21 to $0.36{\mu}S/cm$, respectively. Chlorophyll a concentration ranged from 1.8 to $11.1{\mu}g/l$, and that of the size-fractionated cells was recorded from 0.7 to $1.1{\mu}g/l$ in picoplankton 0.3 to $6.5{\mu}g/l$ in nanoplankton, and 0.4 to $3.9{\mu}g/l$ in microplankton respectively. Algal flora in the present study was recorded as 10 genera, in which Chlamydomonas, particularly, was dominant in all studied sites. By comparison of Chlamydomonas 18S rDNA sequences, including two isolates from PRS, they formed a distinct clade against others: sequence similarity was significantly low (<97.2%) with C. noctigama, being the highest score by BLAST search in GenBank. This study was valuable for basic knowledge regarding the freshwater algae around PRS and their genetic information.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to examine the effects of direct moxibustion on the Low back pain and Lowerlimb radiating pain. Methods : The patients were hospitalized in Daejeon Univ. Oriental Hospital and treated with acupuncture treatment, physical treatment and direct moxibustion. After treatments, we measured the Results & Conclusions : VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and PRS(Pain Rating Scale). VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and PRS(Pain Rating Scale) scores were improved in 3 cases of Low back pain and Lowerlimb radiating pain treated with direct moxibustion. So it is suggested that direct moxibution have the possibility to treat on sciatica.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of oriental medical combined treatment on the fibromyalgia syndrome patient. Methods : Oriental medical combined treatment was administered during 3 weeks at 2 times admissions. The improvement of clinical symptom was evaluated by VAS(visual analogue scale), SF-MPQ(short form-McGill pain questionnarie) and PRS(pain rating scale), change of tender points. Results : After treatment, the patient's VAS score was reduced to 3-5, 4-5 point. First admission, there is no observable change in the SF-MPQ. But, Second admission, SF-MPQ score was reduced from 16 to 6. The PRS score was reduced from 72 to 24, from 75 to 48 respectively. Tender points was reduced generally. Conclusions : Oriental medical combined treatment for the fibromyalgia syndrome patient was effective. Although this case presented valuable result, further research is encouraged to confirm the effectiveness of this treatment with large number of patient.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this is to prove that using burning acupuncture therapy with chuna therapy can be more effective therapy for low bock pain patient. Methods : 43 patients with low back pan were divided into 2 groups; using burning acupuncture therapy with chuna therapy group and using chuna therapy only group. The patients were evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) and pain rating score(PRS). Results : Each group showed significant in decreasing VAS score and PRS score. After 2nd treatment, the sample group was significant mere effective in decreasing VAS. And after 3rd treatment, the sample group was significantly more effective in decreasing PRS(p<0.05). Constructive disease didn't affect the change of pain significantly. Conclusions : In this clinical study, using burning acupuncture therapy with chuna therapy group was more effective in relieving low back pain than using chuna therapy only group.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted mandibular third molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare the CBCT findings with signs on panoramic radiographs(PRs). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 200 mandibular third molars from 200 patients who showed a close relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted third molars on PRs and were referred for a CBCT examination of the position of the mandibular canal. The sample consisted of 124 females and 76 males, with ages ranging from 18 to 47 years (mean, $25.75{\pm}6.15$ years). PRs were evaluated for interruption of the mandibular canal wall, darkening of the roots, diversion of the mandibular canal, and narrowing of the mandibular canal. Correlations between the PR and CBCT findings were statistically analyzed. Results: In total, 146 cases(73%) showed an absence of canal cortication between the mandibular canal and impacted third molar on CBCT images. A statistically significant relationship was found between CBCT and PR findings (P<0.05). The absence of canal cortication on CBCT images was most frequently accompanied by the PR sign of diversion of the mandibular canal(96%) and least frequently by interruption of the mandibular canal wall(65%). Conclusion: CBCT examinations are highly recommended when diversion of the mandibular canal is observed on PR images to reduce the risk of mandibular nerve injury, and this sign appears to be more relevant than other PR signs.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.299-307
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• 2019

This study surveyed the general characteristics and forest use characteristics of forest visitors, the healing power of natural environments and Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS) to find out whether humans can feel the healing effects of natural environments. The target area of this study was the natural environments of Bunseong Mountain in Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. A total of 50 questionnaires were analyzed. Female visitors and those aged between 40s to 60s accounted for 62% and over 70% respectively. All the surveyed respondents answered 'yes' to the question about the healing effects of Bunseong Mountain and natural environments, and 84% of them answered that they can get 'psychological and physical healing' in Bunseong Mountain. Many respondents chose oxygen, sunlight, and landscape as a healing factor. To the questions about the specific form or conditions of the natural environments that have the healing effects, those who answered 'forest' was the highest (72%), and they described thickness of forests, gentle slope and clean air as their conditions. The average score of the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS) using a 7-point Likert scale was 5.14. The results of this study indicate that respondents perceive Bunseong Mountain as a restorative environment and think that they can enjoy the healing effects of Bunseong Mountain and natural environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.9
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• pp.118-125
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• 1997

This paper proposed a new partial resonant 3.PHI. AC-DC boost converter of high efficiency using lossless snubber. The proposed converter, DCM (Discontinuous Current Mode) has a merit of simple controlled circuit because the input current control discontinuously. But turned off switching loss and stress of the switching device increase when the switch turned off at the peak of current. Therefore, the paper improves efficiency by adopting the PRS$^{2}$(Partial Resonant Soft Switching) in 3.PHI. AC-DC boost converter and makes the unity power factor. The PRS$^{2}$ is reduced a current/voltage stresses of switching devices. Also, a DCMPRS$^{2}$M(Discontinuous Conduction Mode Partial Resonant Soft Switching Method) appear the current and voltage equation of this circuit. The paepr examine in a 3.PHI. AC-DC boost converter and show the result of that.