• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

In order to study the implantation mechanism various methods for culture of endometrial cells in vitro have been attempted. However, a disadvantage is that primary cultures of stromal and epithelial cells do not have the ability to differentiate, and therefore cannot be reproduced in the same manner as in vivo endometrium. The object of this study is to establish a three dimensional culture of endometrial cells which are both morphologically and functionally identical to in vivo endometrium. Endometrial tissues obtained after hysterectomies were cut into thin slices and treated with collagenase and trypsin-EDTA. The stromal cells and the epithelial cells were separated by centrifugation and cultured for 24 hours in DMEM media containing 10% FCS, 100 nM progesterone, and 1 nM estradiol. The cultured stromal cells were mixed with collagen gel and solidified, after which it was covered with matrigel. Epithelial cells were inoculated on the top and then cultured for 3 days. The three dimensionally cultured endometrial cells were stained for integrin ${\alpha}1,\;{\alpha}4,\;{\beta}3$, and cyclooxygenase-l, -2 by immunohistochemistry, which all showed strong expression. The cultured epithelial cells showed the formation of microvilli, tight junctions and pinopodes by electron microscopy. Studies are currently under way utilizing this three dimensional culture model to ascertain the interaction between the embryo and human endometrial cells at the time of implantation, and it is thought that further studies into a new culture environment which would allow longer periods of culture will be necessary.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.100-115
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• 2014

This study examined the history of nail art in 20th century, defined characteristics of many techniques used on nails, and analyzed how those techniques have been utilized in recent nail art works. For the method of the study, books and previous studies on nail art were examined as primary sources, and newspaper articles on nail art were studied as references. Then, the case studies were conducted on photographs of nail art works published in Nail Holic in 2012. As a result of analyzing expression techniques of nail art featured on Nail Holic, there had been a total of 517 works created using a single technique. The reason why hand painting is used very frequently is because artists can draw unique images of their own to create various designs according to their tastes. Rhine stone is also very popular, because stones are easy to apply and various in their shapes and colors. There were a total of 555 works created using two or more techniques. The most important point to examine is that hand painting, rhine stone, and 3D art were most popular among all techniques. These works featured highly various effects and images by combining flat effect of hand painting with three-dimensional effects of rhine stone or 3D art. The tendency can also be found in the fact that there have been many works using techniques of flat effects such as decal or marbling combined with techniques of three-dimensional effects such as rhine stone or 3D art.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2010

We studied on the proteomic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii KI-1 tachyzoites which were originally isolated from a Korean patient, and compared with those of the well-known virulent RH strain using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), mass spectrometry, and quantitative real-time PCR. Two-dimensional separation of the total proteins isolated from KI-1 tachyzoites revealed up to 150 spots, of which 121 were consistent with those of RH tachyzoites. Of the remaining 29 spots, 14 showed greater than 5-fold difference in density between the KI-1 and RH tachyzoites at a pH of 5.0-8.0. Among the 14 spots, 5 from the KI-1 isolate and 7 from the RH strain were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and database searches. The spots from the KI-1 tachyzoties were dense granule proteins (GRA 2,3,6, and 7), hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGRPTase), and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRTase). The spots from the RH strain were surface antigen 1 (SAG 1), L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), actin, chorismate synthase, peroximal catalase, hexokinase, bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHTR-TS), and nucleosidetriphosphatases (NTPases). Quantitative real-time PCR supported our mass spectrometric results by showing the elevated expression of the genes encoding GRA 2,3, and 6 and UPRTase in the KI-1 tachyzoites and those encoding GRA 7, SAG 1, NTPase, and chorismate synthase in the RH tachyzoites. These observations demonstrate that the protein compositions of KI-1 and RH tachyzoites are similar but differential protein expression is involved in virulence.

• 인지과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2002

쾌-불쾌, 각성-수면의 2차원 감정상태 공간에서 임의의 좌표값을 지정하면 Parke와 Waters［1］의 근육 기반 얼굴모형에 근거하여 그것에 해당하는 표정을 자동 합성할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 얼굴 변형의 준거 설정을 위하여 정찬섭, 오경자, 이일병과 변혜란［2］의 표정 DB에 수록된 표정 자료 및 내적감정상태 모형을 사용하였다. DB 내 표정 자료들은 감정 모형에 근거하여 차원값 및 범주로 기술된 내적상태 정보를 포함하고 있었다. 내적상태 변화에 따른 표정의 변형 규칙을 찾기 위해 표집된 표정들에 대해 21개 얼굴 근육의 변화량을 측정하였다. 내적감정상태와 얼굴 근육들의 관계 구조를 파악하기 위해 수집된 자료들을 대상으로 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이러한 과정을 거쳐 얻어진 변형 규칙은 꽤-불쾌 및 각성-수면 차원값으로 주어지는 내적상태에 대한 자연스러운 표정을 합성해내었다. 이같은 결과는 방대한 양의 자료 및 개별 근육의 변화를 포착하는 회귀분석으로부터 도출된 규칙이 얼굴표정을 합성하는데 유용하고 강력한 도구가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.296-307
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• 2017

In spite of frequent usage of primary human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) in the study of skin biology, senescence-induced block-age of in vitro proliferation has been a big hurdle for their effective utilization. In order to overcome this passage limitation, we first isolated ten HFK lines from circumcision patients and successfully immortalized four of them via a retroviral transduction of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes. We confirmed expression of a keratinocyte marker protein, keratin 14 and two viral oncoproteins in these immortalized HFKs. We also observed their robust responsiveness to various exogenous stimuli, which was evidenced by increased mRNA expression of epithelial differentiation markers and pro-inflammatory genes in response to three reactive chemicals. In addition, their applicability to cytotoxicity assessment turned out to be comparable to that of HaCaT cells. Finally, we confirmed their differentiation capacity by construction of well-stratified three dimensional skin cultures. These newly established immortalized HFKs will be valuable tools not only for generation of in vitro skin disease models but also for prediction of potential toxicities of various cosmetic chemicals.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2006년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.257-263
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• 2006

현재 게임, 영화, 만화 등 많은 영역에 3D가 많이 사용된다. 특히 게임 분야에서 3차원 컴퓨터 그래픽의 역할은 2차원적인 화면을 3차원적 화면의 전환으로 보편화 되어 지고 있다. [1] 3차원 움직임의 중요한 역할을 하는 모션캡쳐에 대한 자료는 많이 없는 편이다. 모션캡쳐가 다소 생소할 수도 있다. 그리고 고가의 장비이다 보니 사용하는 곳이 제한적이고 널리 사용되지 않고 있는 것이 사실이다. 그래서 이번 연구에서는 디지털 모션캡쳐 시스템의 개요와 3D게임 캐릭터 애니메이션 적용에 대해 조사하며, 모션데이터를 받아 3D캐릭터에 이식을 하여 움직임을 알아본다. 모션캡쳐의 종류 중 현재 보유하고 있는 광학식 모션캡쳐 장비로 데이터를 획득하여 캐릭터의 몸에 이식하며, 표현의 동작 중 기본 동작인 걷기, 뛰기와 타격하기로 구현해본다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.737-754
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• 2015

The structural aesthetics of architecture are becoming an inspirational source for many fashion designers and have been reborn in structural fashion. This study planned to analyze the method of expression of structural aesthetics expressed in modern structural fashion design and the construction method to maximize such an effect on the basis of the construction characteristic of Santiago Calatrava as the representative architect of the structural aesthetic. According to the study, the structural aesthetics expressed in modern structural fashion design are as follows: 1) The symbolical formative aesthetic expressed by symbolical inference and analyzation; 2) the dynamic beauty of physic expressed by visual emphasis and dynamics; and 3) the asymmetric beauty of symmetry expressed by metastasis toward the boundary between balance and imbalance. In addition, to maximize structural aesthetics, we used repetition and a progressive technique based on rhythm, asymmetry, and incision-based variances, such as balance, polygon flux, and inference, and analyzation-based distortion as the structuring principle. The following expression methods for maximizing structural aesthetics were found: 1) symbolical and structural exaggeration of appearance; 2) detail technique expansion and material property diversification; and 3) the three-dimensional transformation of structure and shell expression. Structural fashion design was found to have maximized structural aesthetics by using such expression methods to secure artistic esthetics, destroy existing shapes and patterns, and create unique shapes.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.371-385
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• 2013

This study considers types of expression and examines aesthetic characteristics through analyzing designs (such as the Coca-Cola contour bottle as fashion) which has actively progressed in the collaboration of fashion designers and fashion brands. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The types of fashion expression on the Coca-Cola contour bottle are a presentation of diverse fashion images through a digital print expression that allow people-friendly images to be three-dimensional (or by adding a formative element) and the use of accessories or clothes. The symbolism characteristic were first indicated for the aesthetic characteristics on the Coca-Cola contour bottle. Symbolism is indicated through the identification of an implicit meaning towards a specific object. The symbolism of fashion was highlighted by designing the Coca-Cola's contour bottle with a typical material and pattern pursued by fashion designers and fashion brands. Second, the characteristic of playfulness was presented to expresses the instinctive desire in human nature for pleasure. The expression of visual playfulness is emphasized through the combination of item and image or by changing and re-analyzing a form through refuting stereotypes. Third, the characteristic of femininity was shown to express beauty in external image or a woman's delicate and soft inner propensity. Femininity was created by presenting a sensual femininity that recognized the voluminous curve silhouette of the Coca-Cola bottle such as a sexy female body or through the combination of a women's inner beauty with the sensory image of the object.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2015

Some virulence proteins of Helicobacter pylori, such as vacuolating cytotoxic protein A (VacA) and cytotoxin-associated gene protein A (CagA) have been reported to be causative agents of various gastric diseases including chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer or gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression level of these virulence proteins can be regulated when H. pylori is exposed to the antibacterial agent, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) as previously reported. In this study, we analyzed the quantitative change of various virulence proteins including CagA and VacA by C3G treatment. We used 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to analyze the quantitative change of representative ten proteome components of H. pylori 60190 ($VacA^+/CagA^+$; standard strain of Eastern type). After 2-DE analysis, spot intensities were analyzed using ImageMaster$^{TM}$ 2-DE Platinum software then each spot was identified using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) or peptide sequencing using Finnigan LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Next, we selected major virulence proteins of H. pylori among quantitatively meaningful ten spots and confirmed the 2-DE results by Western blot analysis. These results suggest that cyanidin 3-O-glucoside can modulate a variety of H. pylori pathogenic determinants.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

현재 측정되는 많은 데이터가 지표를 기반으로 측정되지만, 측정지점의 높이값이 기초자료로 활용되지 않기 때문에, 3차원 지리정보시스템에 활용하고자 할 때 어려움이 발생한다. 지표면에 많은 양을 표시하기 위해서는 지형정보를 이용하여 지표면에 점을 그리거나, 지표면의 각 측정지점의 높이값을 추출하여 다각형을 생성하는 방법이 다양하게 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 형태의 데이터 표현 방법 중 지표면에 표현되는 시계열 측정 데이터의 시각화 성능을 향상시키기 위한 데이터 구축 및 표시 방법을 시도하고, 그 절차와 장단점을 살펴본다.