• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.571-579
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for arrhythmia classification, which is associated with the reduction of feature dimensions by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and a support vector machine (SVM) based classifier. Seventeen original input features were extracted from preprocessed signals by wavelet transform, and attempts were then made to reduce these to 4 features, the linear combination of original features, by LDA. The performance of the SVM classifier with reduced features by LDA showed higher than with that by principal component analysis (PCA) and even with original features. For a cross-validation procedure, this SVM classifier was compared with Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) classifiers. When all classifiers used the same reduced features, the overall performance of the SVM classifier was comprehensively superior to all others. Especially, the accuracy of discrimination of normal sinus rhythm (NSR), arterial premature contraction (APC), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), premature ventricular contraction (PVC), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) were $99.307\%,\;99.274\%,\;99.854\%,\;98.344\%,\;99.441\%\;and\;99.883\%$, respectively. And, even with smaller learning data, the SVM classifier offered better performance than the MLP classifier.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.3-32
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• 2005

Hilbert's rational ambition to establish consistency in Number theory and mathematics in general was frustrated by the fact that the statement itself claiming consistency is undecidable within its formal system by $G\ddot{o}del's$ second theorem. Hilbert's optimism that a mathematician should not say "Ignorabimus" ("We don't know") in any mathematical problem also collapses, due to the presence of a undecidable statement that is neither provable nor refutable. The failure of his program receives more shock, because his system excludes any ambiguity and is based on only mechanical operations concerning signs and strings of signs. Above all, $G\ddot{o}del's$ theorem demonstrates the limits of formalization. Now, the notion of provability in the dimension of syntax comes to have priority over that of semantic truth in mathematics. In spite of his failure, the notion of algorithm(mechanical processe) made a direct contribution to the emergence of programming languages. Consequently, we believe that his program is failure, but a great one.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2010

Electrocardiogram(ECG) analysis and arrhythmia recognition are critical for diagnosis and treatment of ill patients. Cardiac arrhythmia is a condition in which heart beat may be irregular and presents a serious threat to the patient recovering from ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Other arrhythmias like atrial premature contraction (APC), Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) and superventricular tachycardia (SVT) are important in diagnosing the heart diseases. This paper presented new method to classify various arrhythmias contrary to other techniques which are limited to only two or three arrhythmias. ECG is decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) by Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Burg algorithm was performed on IMFs to obtain AR coefficients which can reduce the dimension of feature vector and utilized as Multi-class SVM inputs which is basically extended from binary SVM. We chose optimal parameters for SVM classifier, applied to arrhythmias classification and achieved the accuracies of detecting NSR, APC, PVC, SVT, VT and VP were 96.8% to 99.5%. The results showed that EMD was useful for the preprocessing and feature extraction and multi-class SVM for classification of cardiac arrhythmias, with high usefulness.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.6
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• pp.490-496
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• 2014

The thickness of knee joint cartilage causes most diseases of knee. Therefore, an articular cartilage segmentation of knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required to diagnose a knee diagnosis correctly. In particular, fully automatic segmentation method of knee joint cartilage enables an effective diagnosis of knee disease. In this paper, we analyze a well-known level-set based segmentation method in brain MRI, and apply that method to knee MRI with solving some problems from different image characteristics. The proposed method, a fully automatic segmentation in whole process, enables to process faster than previous semi-automatic segmentation methods. Also it can make a three-dimension visualization which provides a specialist with an assistance for the diagnosis of knee disease. In addition, the proposed method provides more accurate results than the existing methods of articular cartilage segmentation in knee MRI through experiments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2002

A short shot is a molded part that is incomplete because insufficient material was injected into the mold. Any factors that increase the resistance of polymer melt to flow or prohibit delivery of sufficient material into the cavity can cause a short shot. Inappropriate injection pressure is one of the most common factors which cause a short shot. Conventionally, domain experts in injection molding decide and modify the pressure based on their experience. It is difficult for a non-expert to decide the pressure properly with the considerations such as a part dimension, shape, and other processing variables. In this study, fuzzy algorithm is proposed to standardize the empirical determination of the pressure so that not only the experts but also non-experts can find the appropriate injection pressure easily. To acquire the more accurate results. domain experts should be interviewed and then technical documents which are collected from the experts should be restored in the fuzzy rule base. But in this study, simulations have been done by using C-MOLD to settle the rule base because it takes much time and also it's difficult to meet and interview the experts.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose hand-gesture signal recognition based on EPS(Electronic Potential Sensor) using Deep learning model. Extracted signals which from Electronic field based sensor, EPS have much of the noise, so it must remove in pre-processing. After the noise are removed with filter using frequency feature, the signals are reconstructed with dimensional transformation to overcome limit which have just one-dimension feature with voltage value for using convolution operation. Then, the reconstructed signal data is finally classified and recognized using multiple learning layers model based on deep learning. Since the statistical model based on probability is sensitive to initial parameters, the result can change after training in modeling phase. Deep learning model can overcome this problem because of several layers in training phase. In experiment, we used two different deep learning structures, Convolutional neural networks and Recurrent Neural Network and compared with statistical model algorithm with four kinds of gestures. The recognition result of method using convolutional neural network is better than other algorithms in EPS gesture signal recognition.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.563-575
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• 2007

This study aims to investigate a possibility of using topographic information by web mapping in open environments. Web mapping intends to focus on a map analysis and application of the function and geo-visualization. Functions of Web topographic info-map include a spatial analysis, enlargement and minimization, movement, landuse information, user-controling 3 dimension map, landform cross-section analysis, shortest path analysis. The web system adopts SVG(scalable vector graphics), MYSQL, PHP, XML for mapping. SVG has open source policy, so everyone can use it, as well, it is effective on flexible database linkage, cartographic representation. 3D map is intended to represent 3D map by user-controlled sunshine putting pixel opacity by elevation values after making DEM. Landform is designed to show a cross-section analysis and statistics by retrieving height information from database engine with clicking two points on the map. Shortest path analysis within regions uses Dijkstra's algorithm. Near future, resultantly, the area of WebGIS will have to meet more social demands for use-created geo-information and application, so more researches are needed to be web mapping more applicable for users.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.65-79
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• 1992

This study is concerned with the optimal design of two hinged steel arches with I cross sectional type and aimed at the exact analysis of the arches and the safe and economic design of structure. The analyzing method of arches which introduces the finite difference method considering the displacements of structure in analyzing process is used to eliminate the error of analysis and to determine the sectional force of structure. The optimizing problems of arches formulate with the objective functions and the constraints which take the sectional dimensions(B, D, $t_f$, $t_w$) as the design variables. The object functions are formulated as the total weight of arch and the constraints are derived by using the criteria with respect to the working stress, the minimum dimension of flange and web based on the part of steel bridge in the Korea standard code of road bridge and including the economic depth constraint of the I sectional type, the upper limit dimension of the depth of web and the lower limit dimension of the breadth of flange. The SUMT method using the modified Newton Raphson direction method is introduced to solve the formulated nonlinear programming problems which developed in this study and tested out throught the numerical examples. The developed optimal design programming of arch is tested out and examined throught the numerical examples for the various arches. And their results are compared and analyzed to examine the possibility of optimization, the applicablity, the convergency of this algorithm and with the results of numerical examples using the reference(30). The correlative equations between the optimal sectional areas and inertia moments are introduced from the various numerical optimal design results in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2015

This study had been aimed to conduct the camera calibration on VLBI antenna in the Space Geodetic Observation Center of Sejong City with a low-cost digital camera, which embedded in a mobile phone to determine the three-dimension position coordinates of the VLBI antenna, based on stereo images. The initial values for the camera calibration have been obtained by utilizing the Direct Linear Transformation algorithm and the commercial digital photogrammetry system, PhotoModeler $Scanner^{(R)}$ ver. 6.0, respectively. The accuracy of camera calibration results was compared with that the camera calibration results, acquired by a bundle adjustment with nonlinear collinearity condition equation. Although two methods showed significant differences in the initial value, the final calibration demonstrated the consistent results whichever methods had been performed for obtaining the initial value. Furthermore, those three-dimensional coordinates of feature points of the VLBI antenna were respectively calculated using the camera calibration by the two methods to be compared with the reference coordinates obtained from a total station. In fact, both methods have resulted out a same standard deviation of $X=0.004{\pm}0.010m$, $Y=0.001{\pm}0.015m$, $Z=0.009{\pm}0.017m$, that of showing a high degree of accuracy in centimeters. From the result, we can conclude that a mobile phone camera opens up the way for a variety of image processing studies, such as 3D reconstruction from images captured.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.77-100
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• 2018

The objectives of this study is to present a discovering process of interdisciplinary convergence technology using text mining of big data. For the convergence research of biotechnology(BT) and information communications technology (ICT), the following processes were performed. (1) Collecting sufficient meta data of research articles based on BT terminology list. (2) Generating intellectual structure of emerging technologies by using a Pathfinder network scaling algorithm. (3) Analyzing contents with topic modeling. Next three steps were also used to derive items of BT-ICT convergence technology. (4) Expanding BT terminology list into superior concepts of technology to obtain ICT-related information from BT. (5) Automatically collecting meta data of research articles of two fields by using OpenAPI service. (6) Analyzing contents of BT-ICT topic models. Our study proclaims the following findings. Firstly, terminology list can be an important knowledge base for discovering convergence technologies. Secondly, the analysis of a large quantity of literature requires text mining that facilitates the analysis by reducing the dimension of the data. The methodology we suggest here to process and analyze data is efficient to discover technologies with high possibility of interdisciplinary convergence.