• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.43-57
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• 2009

Integrating 3D data acquired in multiple views is one of the most important techniques in 3D modeling. However, the existing integration methods are sensitive to registration errors and surface scanning noise. In this paper, we propose a integration algorithm using the local surface topology. We first find all boundary vertex pairs satisfying a prescribed geometric condition in the areas between neighboring surfaces, and then separates areas to several regions by using boundary vertex pairs. We next compute best fitting planes suitable to each regions through PCA(Principal Component Analysis). They are used to produce triangles that be inserted into empty areas between neighboring surfaces. Since each regions between neighboring surfaces can be integrated by using local surface topology, a proposed method is robust to registration errors and surface scanning noise. We also propose a method integrating of textures by using parameterization technique. We first transforms integrated surface into initial viewpoints of each surfaces. We then project each textures to transformed integrated surface. They will be then assigned into parameter domain for integrated surface and be integrated according to the seaming lines for surfaces. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient to face modeling.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.818-828
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• 2016

This paper proposes a reusable design for the merging process used in three-dimensional High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC), which can significantly reduce the implementation complexity by eliminating duplicated module redundancies. The majority of inter-prediction coding tools used in 3D-HEVC are utilized through a merge mode, whose extended merging process is based on built-in integration to completely wrap around the HEVC merging process. Consequently, the implementation complexity is unavoidably very high. To facilitate easy market implementation, the design of a legacy codec should be reused in an extended codec if possible. The proposed 3D-HEVC merging process is divided into the base merging process of reusing HEVC modules and reprocessing process of refining the existing processes that have been newly introduced or modified for 3D-HEVC. To create a reusable design, the causal and mutual dependencies between the newly added modules for 3D-HEVC and the reused HEVC modules are eliminated, and the ineffective methods are simplified. In an application of the proposed reusable design, the duplicated reimplementation of HEVC modules, which account for 50.7% of the 3D-HEVC merging process, can be eliminated while maintaining the same coding efficiency. The proposed method has been adopted as a normative coding tool in the 3D-HEVC international standard.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2019

3D file formats typically include OBJ (Wavefront file format), STL (STereoLithography), and FBX (Filmbox). Each format has limitations depending on its configuration and usage, and supported formats are different depending on the software application. glTF helps uniform integration of 3D file formats and allows for more efficient transmission of large 3D geometry files by organizing them in a binary format. This paper presents explanation on OBJ, FBX, and STL which are major examples of existing 3D file formats. It also explains the concept and characteristics of glTF and compares its performance with other 3D file formats on the web. The loading time and packets of each 3D file format are measured according to the web browser environment by means of Google Chrome, Firefox and Microsoft Edge. Experimental results show that glTF is the most efficient and that it exhibits the best performance. As to STL, relatively excessive traffic was observed. This study is expected to contribute to reducing rendering time on the web as 3D file formats are used.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.168-181
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the Enneagram personality types of nursing students. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from 225 nursing students living in D city from 14, November to 17, November in 2005. The data collected were analyzed using frequency, percent with SPSS. The findings of this study were as follows : In the nine Enneagram personality types, type 9 was highly measured and the next order was type 1, 4, 7, 2, 8, 6, 5, 3. In the triadic center of Enneagram personality types, gut type was highly measured. The next order was heart type and head type. In the wing, 9W1 was highly measured and the next order was 1W9 and 'both wing is equal'. In the disruption and integration, the disruption rather than integration was highly measured. In the disruption and integration according to personality types, the integration rather than disruption was highly measured in type 2, 6, 1. In the disruption and integration according to triadic center, the disruption was highly measured in gut type and the integration was highly measured in heart type and head type. The most development level was level 5. The next order was level 6, 4, 7, 3. There was no one present in level 1, 2, 8, 9. The results of this study suggest that there is need of individual guide considering Enneagram personality types in nursing students. We need to develop various group counseling program related to Enneagram personality types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1990

A cooperative Korea-Japan investigation for the demersal fisheries resources of the East China Sea was carried out by using the training ship Oshoro Maru belong to Hokkaido University Japan, during 5-12 November, 1989. The research vessel sampled 24 stations with demersal trawls on the East China Sea continental shelf, and 96 nautical miles of track line were surveyed hydroacoustically. The echo sounder used during the survey was of a scientific type having echo integration capabilities and the computer system was programmed to obtain echo integration data for each depth stratum between the transducer and the bottom. The target strength of fish school(TS per 1kg) was estimated from the relationship between mean volume backscattering strength and catches caught by the demersal trawls. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Approximately 96 species were identified from survey catches. 2. The mean volume backscattering strength for the layer occupied by bottom trawls at 25 and 100 KHz were-63.9 dB and -67.3 dB, respectively. Then the average catch per unit time of each trawl haul was 58.8 kg/hour. 3. The mean volume backscattering strength for the entire layer between the transducer and the bottom at 25 and 100KHz were -61.9 dB and -67.0 dB, respectively. 4. The mean fish school target strength per unit weight(TS/kg) at 25 and 100 KHz were -23.6 dB/kg and -26.6 dB/kg, respectively.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2006

In this work, we demonstrate a novel compact mechanical beam steering transmitter based on a direct vertical integration of a 2-D MEMS-based mechanical beam steering antenna with a VCO on a single silicon platform. By eliminating the long feed lines and waveguide metal blocks, the radiation pattern has been improved vastly, resulting in an almost ideal pattern at every scan angle. The losses incurred by the feed lines and phase shifters are also eliminated, which allows the transmitter to be implemented using only a single VCO. The system complexity has been greatly reduced with a total module size of only 1.5 cm ${\times}$ 1.5 cm ${\times}$ 0.4 cm. This work demonstrates that RF MEMS can be a key enabling technology for high-level integration.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 1999

In this paper, an integrated S/W system from CAD to optimal design has been suggested and an application to a precision machine tool structure shown. The integrated system is so designed to reduce manual interfacing effort. An object-oriented programming language is used for combining 3-D CAD program, FEM and optimal design tools. In this system parametric modelling technique is applied and users can get the optimum design iteratively without much user intervention. The CAD model is automatically updated when the design parameters are transferred back to the CAD program. Not only design time can be dramatically reduced but unnecessary operation errors avoided by the integration.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.637-638
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• 2015

There has been growing interests in life-cycle project management in the construction industry. A lot of attention is given to Building Information Modeling (BIM) which stores and uses a variety of construction information for the life cycle of project management. However, due to the additional workload arising from BIM, its expected effects versus its input costs are still under discussion in practice. As an attempt to address this issue, one of previous studies suggested an automated linking process by developing Standard Classification Numbering System (SCNS) and Geometry Breakdown Structure (GBS) to enhance the efficiency of integration process of BIM objects, cost, and schedule. Though SCNS and GBS facilitates identifying all different dataset, making object sets and linking schedule activities still needs to be manually done without having an automated tool. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a fully automated integration system for 3D-objects, cost, and schedule. A prototype system for single family homes (Hanok) was developed and tested in order to verify its efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

Understanding of current features of collapsed buildings, terrain, and other infrastructures is a critical issue for disaster site managers. On the other hand, a comprehensive site investigation of current location of survivors buried under the remains of a building is a difficult task for disaster managers due to the difficulties in acquiring the various information on the disaster sites. To overcome these circumstances, such as large disaster sites and limited capability of rescue workers, this study makes use of a drone (unmanned aerial vehicle) to effectively obtain current image data from large disaster areas. The framework of 3D model reconstruction of disaster sites using aerial imagery acquired by drones was also presented. The proposed methodology is expected to assist fire fighters and workers on disaster sites in making a rapid and accurate identification of the survivors under collapsed buildings.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

In case of applying the BIM method in the civil engineering of irregularly shaped structure, BIM method began to be introduced in the current building engineering area compared with the expected effects of the relatively high construction productivity has been recognized. In this paper, I have developed quantity calculation algorithms applying it to earthwork and bridge construction, tunnel construction, retaining wall construction, culvert construction and implemented BIM based 3D-BIM Modeling quantity calculation. Structure work in which errors occurred in range between -6.28% ~ 5.17%. Especially, understanding of the problem and improvement of the existing 2D-CAD based of quantity calculation through rock type quantity calculation error in range of -14.36% ~ 13.07% of earthwork quantity calculation. It's benefit and applicability of BIM method in civil engineering. In addition, routine method for quantity of earthwork has the same error tolerance negligible for that of structure work. But, rock type's quantity calculated as the error appears significantly to the reliability of 2D-based volume calculation shows that the problem could be. Through the estimating quantity of earthwork based 3D-BIM, proposed method has better reliability than routine method. BIM, as well as the design, construction, maintenance levels of information when you consider the benefits of integration, the introduction of BIM design in civil engineering and the possibility of applying for the effectiveness was confirmed. In addition, as the beginning phase of information integration, quantity document automation program has been developed for activation of BIM. And automatically enter the program code number, linkage and manual volume calculation program, quantity document automation programs, such as the development is now underway, and step-by-step procedures and methods are presented.