• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.633-648
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• 1999

In this paper, for any two bipartite ordered sets P and Q, we define the convolution P * Q of P and Q. For dim(P)=s and dim(Q)=t, we prove that s+t-(U+V)-2 dim(P*Q) s+t-(U+V)+2, where U+V is the max-mn integer of the certain realizers. In particular, we also prove that dim(P)=n+k- {{{{ { n+k} over {3 } }}}} for 2 k n<2k and dim(Pn ,k)=n for n 2k, where Pn,k=Sn*Sk is the convolution of two standard ordered sets Sn and Sk.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.220-235
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• 1998

The revolution of nursing curriculum has been focused on clinical competency for nursing graduates to flexibly respond to changes in societal health needs and disciplinary requirements. In this trend, the study was designed to identify basic concepts of nursing education that reflects the changes in societal needs and nursing discipline, and to develop the instrument to measure performance level in each dimension of clinical competency. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, principal concepts consisted of nursing education were determined through literature review as well as series of discussion sessions on nursing philosophies and educational objectives among researchers. Though the process, the conceptual framework of competency based nursing curriculum was constructed with nursing process and professional role as horizontal threads, client, health needs, and nursing interventions as vertical threads. Then, items were developed to represent each dimension of competency : client and health need, nursing process, professional role, and nursing interventions. The total of 273 items were included as to represent clinical competency required for BSN graduates. In phase 2, questionnaires were distributed to nursing faculties of 41 BSN programs to validate the 273-item Instrument developed to measure competency. The total of 34 subjects returned the questionnaire with 81% of response rates. The subjects of the study had an average of 42 months of clinical experience and 13 years of education experience in various nursing areas with an age range of 30 to 52 years. The data were analyzed by utilizing SPSSWIN and the results are as follows. 1) The mean score of the nursing process dimension was supported most with the mean of 3.60(SD=0.32) compared to client and health need dimension(M=3.49, SD=.40), professional role(M=3.41, SD=.44), and nursing interventions(M=3.57, SD=.34). 2) The dimensions of competency were moderately correlated to each other with a range of r=.433 to r=.829, confirming that four dimensions of competency were related but distinct concepts. 3) The items of each dimension were analyzed based on its appropriateness. 'Assessing risk factors of the clients' were most highly supported in client and health need dimension. Most items of nursing process dimension were considered appropriate, while items related to efficient communication were well supported in professional role dimension. In nursing intervention dimension, items on basic nursing skills were highly supported while items on specific nursing interventions such as music therapy or art therapy were considered relatively inappropriate to competency for BSN graduates. The findings clearly showed that the current nursing education more emphasizes nursing interventions based on nursing process than other dimensions of competency. There is a need to reconceptualize nursing curriculum that is able to reflect more of nursing professional role and client/health need dimensions. Further research to validate the instrument by confirming competency dimensions of nursing graduates who are currently working at the hospital has been suggested.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.5
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• pp.435-448
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• 2008

3D posture recognition is a solution to overcome the limitation of 2D posture recognition. There are many researches carried out for 3D posture recognition using 3D data. The 3D data consist of massive surface points which are rich of information. However, it is difficult to extract the important features for posture recognition purpose. Meanwhile, it also consumes lots of processing time. In this paper, we introduced a dimension reduction method that transform 3D surface points of an object to 2D data representation in order to overcome the issues of feature extraction and time complexity of 3D posture recognition. For a better feature extraction and matching process, a cylindrical boundary is introduced in meshless parameterization, its offer a fast processing speed of dimension reduction process and the output result is applicable for recognition purpose. The proposed approach is applied to hand and human posture recognition in order to verify the efficiency of the feature extraction.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2001

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of fractal analysis for diagnosis of periodontitis. Materials and Methods : Each 30 cases of periapical films of male mandibular molar were selected in normal group and patient group which had complete furcation involvement. They were digitized at 300 dpi, 256 gray levels and saved with gif format. Rectangular ROIs (10×20 pixel) were selected at furcation, interdental crest, and interdental middle 1/3 area. Fractal dimensions were calculated three times at each area by mass radius method and were determined using a mean of three measurements. We compared fractal dimensions at furcation and interdental crest area of normal group with those of patient group. And then we compared ratio of fractal dimensions at furcation area, interdental crest area to interdental middle 1/3 area. Results: Fractal dimension at interdental crest area of normal group was 1.979±0.018 and that of patient group 1.971±0.012 (p>0.05). Fractal dimension at furcation area of normal group was 1.986±0.024 and that of patient group 1.974±0.015 (p<0.05). The ratio of fractal dimension at interdental crest area to interdental middle 1/3 of normal group was 1.003±0.015 and that of patient group 0.993±0.018 (p<0.05). The ratio of fractal dimension at furcation area to interdental middle 1/3 of normal group was 1.006±0.018 and that of patient group 0.994±0.018 (p<0.05). Conclusion : The ratio of fractal dimension at interdental crest and furcation area to interdental middle 1/3 area showed a statistically significant difference between normal and patient group. In conclusion, it is thought that fractal analysis might be useful for the diagnosis of periodontitis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.255-259
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• 2003

Moire topography method isa well-known non-contacting 3-D measurement method as afast non-contact test for three-dimension shape measuring method. Recently, it's important to study the automatic three-dimension measurement by moire topography because it is frequently applied to the reverse engineering , the medical , the entertainment fields. Three-dimension measurement using projection of moire topography is very attractive because of its high measuring speed and high sensitivity. In this paper, the classical moire method is computerized-so called digital moire when a virtual grating pattern is projected on a surface, the captured image by the CCD camera has three-dimension information of the objects. The moire image can be obtained through a simple image processing and a reference grating pattern. and it provides similar results without physical grating pattern. digital projection moire topography turn out to be very effective for the three-dimension measurement of objects. Using different N-bucket algorithm method of digital projection moire topography is tested to measuring object with the 2-ambiguity problem. Experimental results prove that the proposed scheme is capable of finding measurement errors that decreased more by using the four-three step algorithm method instead of the same step in the phase shifting of different pitch.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2007

Background and Purpose: We have studied the trends of EEG signals in the voluntary breathing condition by applying the fractal analysis. According to chaos theory, irregularity of EEG signals can result from low dimensional deterministic chaos. A principal parameter to quantify the degree of Chaotic nonlinear dynamics is correlation dimension. The aim of this study was to analyze correlation between the correlation dimension of EEG and HRV(heart rate variability). We have studied the trends of EEG signals in the voluntary breathing condition by applying the fractal analysis. Methods: EEG raw data were measured by moving windows during 15 minutes. Then, the correlation dimension(D2) was calculated by each 40-seconds-segment in 15 minutes data, totally 36 segments. 8 channels EEG study on the Fp, F, T, P was carried out in 30 subjects. Results and Conclusion: Correlation analysis of HRV was calculated with deterministic non-linear data and stochastic non-linear data. 1. Ch1(Fp1), Ch4(F3), Ch4(F4) is positive correlated with In LF. 2. Ch1(Fp1), Ch3(F3) is positive correlated with In TF.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.9A no.3
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• pp.295-300
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• 2002

In this paper, we apply the 3-dimension algorithm to the random interleaver and s-random interleaver and analyze the performance of the turbo code system with random interleaver (or s-random interleaver). In general, the performance of interleaver is determined by minimum distance between neighbor data, thus we could improve the performance of interleaver by increasing the distance of the nearest data. The interleaver using 3-dimension algorithm has longer minimum distance and average distance compared to existing random-interleaver (s-random interleaver) because the output data is generated randomly from 3-dimension storage. To verify and compare the performance of our proposed system, the computer simulations have been performed in turbo code system under gaussian noise environment.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2015

This paper reviews recent mathematical progresses made on the study of the initial-value problem for nonlinear Dirac equations in one space dimension. We also prove the global existence of solutions to some nonlinear Dirac equations and propose a model problem (3.6).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.279-285
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• 2011

The next generation wireless communication systems are required high BER performance better than present performance. Double binary Turbo code have error floor at high SNR, so it cannot be used in next generation wireless communication system. Therefore, many methods are proposed for overcome error floor at DVB-RCS NG(next generation). In this paper, we analysis structure of third-dimension Turbo code(3D-turbo code). 3D-Turbo code overcomes error flow by additive post-encoder in conventional DVB-RCS Turbo code. Performance of 3D-Turbo code is changed by post-encoder form, interleaving method, value of ${\lambda}$. So we are simulated by those parameter and proposed optimal form. By a result, performance of 3D-Turbo is better than conventional DVB-RCS Turbo code and it overcome error floor of conventional DVB-RCS Turbo code.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-62
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• 1994

In this paper, we performed a class of experiments on segmenting consonant and vowel from Korean consonant-vowel (CV) monosyllable data, using the fractal dimension of the speech signals. We chose the Minkowski-Bouligand dimension as the fractal dimension, and computed it using the morphological covering method. In order to examine the usefulness of the fractal dimension in speech segmentation we carried out speech segmentation experiments using the fractal dimension alone, using the short-time energy alone, and using both the fractal dimension and the short-time energy, and compared the results. From the experiments, segmentation accuracy of $96.1\%$ was achieved for the case with using the multiplication of the slope of the fractal dimension and that of the energy, while the segmentation accuracies for the cases with using the slope of either the fractal dimension or energy alone were slightly lower $(93.6\%)$ or much lower $(88.0\%)$ than the above case, respectively. These results indicate that the fractal dimension can be used as a good parameter for speech segmentation.