• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 1993

여러 가지 탄소물질을 사용하여 변형된 스테인레스 금속재 Two-bulbs를 사용하여 Li-CIC를 합성하였다. 합성한 결과 출발물질의 구조적 특성에 따라 여러 가지 색깔의 층간화합물이 각각 형성되었다. 합성된 Li-CIC들은 X-선 회절법을 이용하여 출발물질의 결정화도에 따라 stage 형성과정을 확인하였다. 이들 결과에서 출발물질의 결정화도가 좋은 천연흑연과 흑연섬유는 낮은 stage(1 stage, 2 stage)가 형성되었고, 결정화도가 나쁜 탄소섬유와 석유계 코크스는 높은 stage(3 stage, 4 stage, 5 stage)가 얻어졌다. 또한 (hkl)회절선의 이값을 계산된 값과 비교하였을 때 이들 값들은 거의 일치하였다. 그러나 결정화도가 나쁜 경우 다소의 차이가 있음을 보이고 있다. 이들 Li-CIC에 대하여 UV/VIS 분광기를 사용하여 stage 안정성과 에너지 상태를 알수 있었다. X-선 회절법에 의한 결과와 UV/VIS 분광학적 데이터는 결정화도가 좋은 탄소물질은 에너지와 반사율의 관계곡선이 뚜렷하게 나타났음을 제시하였다. 이들 결과는 타소층과 층사이에 전하운반자와 관계가 있으며, 이들 성질이 삽입물질의 농도와 관계있음을 알수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 본 연구는 Li-CIC의 삽입과정에서 고성능 에너지 저장제에 대한 정보를 역시 제공하여 준다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2009

주걱쑥부쟁이(Heteropappus arenarius Kitam.)는 들국화에 속하는 가을 개화성 이년초로 한국의 남동부 해안지대와 제주도에서 자생한다. 본 식물은 대규모 조경지역 특히, 척박한 토양이나 비탈면 언덕에 유용한 지피식물로서 개발 가능성이 높다. 본 연구는 주걱쑥부쟁이 종자의 지역계통과 수확시기에 따른 최적 발아온도를 선정하기 위해 최초로 수행하였다. 지역별 온도에 따른 종자발아 반응은 다음과 같다. 최종발아율(FG)은 구룡포산(産)(89.7%)이 4개 지역계통 중에 가장 높았고, 다음으로 구좌산(産)(87.3%), 감포산(産)(87.3%), HKNU-I (71.5%) 순이었다. 지역별 평균 $T_{50}$은 구좌산(産)(3.6 일)과 구룡포산(産) (4.0일)이 타 지역에 비해 짧았다. 온도별 평균 FG와 $T_{50}$은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 각각 76.2%와 3.6일로 가장 우수하였다. 그 다음으로 $30^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$순이었다. 그러나 구좌산(産)의 경우, FG과 $T_{50}$이 $20^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C$에서 우수하였다. 수확단계 및 온도관계에서 수확단계별 평균 FG는 Stage III (90.7%)와 Stage IV (88.6%)가 Stage II(35.7%)와 Stage I(26.0%)에 비해 월등히 높았다. 수확단계별 평균 $T_{50}$은 Stage IV (3.7일)과 Stage III (4.3일)로 FG값이 50%이하를 보여준 타 수확단계에 비해 짧았다. 그럼에도 불구하고 주걱쑥부쟁이 종자는 모든 단계에서 발아할 수 있었기에 종자 수확 가능범위는 Stage I 에서 IV까지였다. 결론적으로 주걱쑥부쟁이 종자발아의 최적 온도와 적정 수확단계는 $20^{\circ}C$ 조건에 Stage III에서 IV 까지이었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 1995

콩의 주요 생육기별 관수처리시간에 따른 생육양상과 감수요인을 구명하고자 콩의 생육기 $V_3(6월\;16일),\;V_6(6월\;29일),\;R_2(7월\;3일),\;R_4(7월\;29일)$ 시기에 관수시간을 6.12.24시간씩 명명 유지하여 비가림하우수내에서 pot시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개화기는 무처리 대비 $V_3{\cdot}V_6$생육기 관수처리에서 1일정도 지연되었다. 2. 성숙기는 무처리 대비 $V_6$시기 6~12시간 관수처리시 2~3일 조숙되었으나, $V_6$시기 24 시간과 $R_2{\cdot}R_4$시기의 관수처리는 2~8일 늦어지는 경향이었다. 3. $V_6와\;R_2$시기의 24시간 관수처리는 생장점이 고사하였으며 경장과 주경절수는 관수처리 시기가 빠르고 처리시간이 길수록 감소하는 경향이었다. 4. 내수는 처리시기가 늦고 처리시간이 길수록 감소되는 경향으로 $V_6$시기 24시간과 $R_2$ 6~24시간 $R_4$시기 6시간 관수처리는 16~26%, $R_4$시기 12시간 관수처리는 40%, $R_4$시기 24시간 관수처리는 60%씩 명명 감소되었다. 5. 수량은 관수시기가 늦고 관수시간이 길수록 감수되는 경향으로 무처리 대비 $V_3$시기 전처리와 $V_6$시기 6.12시간 처리까지 유의차가 없었으나 $V_6$시기 24시간, $R_2$시기 6.12 시간 및 $R_2$시기 6시간 관수처리는 27~36%, $R_2$시기 24시간 관수처리는 43%, $R_4$시기 12시간 관수처리는 53%, $R_4$시기 24시간 관수처리는 66%씩 명명 감수되었다. 6. 콩 생육기별 관수피해 정도는 $R_4>\;R_2>\;V_6>\;V_3$ 시기순으로 감수폭이 컸다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.328-341
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• 1987

We reviewed 147 cases of primary carcinoma of the lung between January 1975 and December 1986 at the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Department, Yonsei university College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. There were 116 males and 31 females with 93.72% ranging in age from 40 to 69 years. The mean age was 61.01 years. To 69 years of age with 61.01 years of mean age. There were 92 [62.59%] cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 29 [19.73%] cases of adenocarcinoma, 8 [5.44%] cases of undifferentiated large cell carcinoma, 8 [5.44%] cases of undifferentiated small cell carcinoma and 10 [6.8%] cases of bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma. 50 [34.01%] patients in stage I and 49 [33.26%] patients in stage II underwent pneumonectomies and lobectomies with a 67.27% rate of resection, where as only 49.12% of stage III patients were resected. Also 7 [30.43%] of the 23 stage IV cases were surgically resected and confirmed stage IV after surgical resection. The actuarial survival rate according to classification are as follows. The one and 3 year survival rate of the patients in stage I were 96% and 84% respectively. The one and `3 year survival rate of the patients in stage II were 100% and 66.6%, whereas the one and 3 year survival rate of the patients in stage III, T3 were 78.57% and 69.84%. The survival rates of patients in stage I, II, III T3 were better than those of the other stages. There were significant differences in observed survival for patients with stage II as compared with the patients with stage Ill, T3. [p=0.0005]. An aggressive surgical approach still offered the greatest chance for long-term survival even in stage Ill, T3. The survival rate in patients with resectable cases including stage III, T3 might be improved with an aggressive surgical approach. The one and 3 year survival rates of patients in stage III, N2 were 56.67% and 43.7 I%. The one and 3 year survival rates of patients in stage IV were 21.43% and 3.57%. Patients in stage III, N2 or IV had markedly decreased survival rates. When the carcinoma cell type was the basis for the determination of rate of survival, the result were as follows; The one, 3 and 5 year survival rates of squamous cell carcinoma were 78.33%, 60.19%, and 57.32%, and the one and 3 year survival rates of adenocarcinoma were 55.56% and 44.49%. The survival rates of large cell carcinoma were 66.67%, and 44.45%, at one, three and five years respectively. The one and 3 year survival rates of bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma were 71.43% and 47.62%, the one, 3 and 5 year survival rates of small cell carcinoma were 40%, 20% and 20%. The survival rate of squamous cell carcinoma was better than that of other cell carcinomas, the survival rate of small cell carcinoma was the worst. The operative mortality rate was 1.36%. There were 10 cases of post-operative complications including 2 cases of bleeding which required further surgery, 2 cases of wound infection, and 4 cases of empyema thoracis. The length of survival of three of the empyema thoracis cases was 16, 98 and 108 months respectively, Four male patients all older than 47 years survived more than 9 years, post surgery, although one developed empyema thoracis. These four cases were initially classified as 2 cases of stage I and one each of stage II and stage III, T3. We have concluded that the survival rates of patients in stages I, II and III, T3 were improved after complete surgical resection.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2010

The main object of this study is to investigate the collection characteristics of multi-layer multi-stage porous plate system experimentally. The experiment is carried out to analyze the characteristics of pressure drop and collection efficiency for the present system with the experimental parameters such as inlet velocity, tube diameter, inlet concentration, and stage number, etc. In results, the pressure drop becomes 22 to $115mmH_2O$ with increment of stage number (1 to 5) of porous plate system at tube velocity 15 m/s and tube diameter ${\Phi}8$. In case of fly ash and 5 stage, the collection efficiency becomes 90.5 to 95.7% increasing the tube velocity 12 to 15 m/s at inlet concentration $3g/m^3$ and tube diameter ${\Phi}8$. Additionally, it is estimated that the collection efficiencies of 5 stage are 94.3, 95.6 and 99.1% for fly ash, steel dust and based power, respectively (${\Phi}8$ tube, $V_t$ = 12m/s, inlet concentration $3g/m^3$).

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.948-954
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• 2008

In this study, vibrational characteristics of two nano-imprinting stages is analyzed and compared with respect to the methodology to support the upper-plate of the stage. The first type of the stage has three supporters at each corners of the stage and one thrust bearing at the center of the stage. The other type of the stage has four supporter in each corner of the stage without a thrust bearing. The FEM software with flexible modeling is used for the normal mode analysis. The result depicts the difference of vibrational characteristics caused by the difference of support methods. The design criteria for the precision nano-imprinting stage is also discussed.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.35-38
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• 2007

A single-stage and two-stage pulse tube refrigerators have been designed for cryopump application. The different diameters of pulse tube and regenerator have been investigated at single-stage pulse tube refrigerator(PTR). Experiments have been performed on single-stage PTR to reach minimum temperature with optimum valve opening at a few frequencies. And the two-stage pulse tube refrigerators have been assembled with tested single-stage pulse tube and tested. When orifice turn is opened to 9 and double inlet is opened to 3 at a single-stage, the lowest temperature of 33.7 K is achieved. The cooling capacity at single-stage is 38 W at temperature of 80 K. A two-stage pulse tube refrigerator has 16.3K at the second stage and 59.7K at the first stage. The cooling capacity achieved is 16.5 W at 80 K, the first stage and 0.6 W at 20 K, the second stage. Some details on the design of pulse tube refrigerator and the experimental apparatus are given.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2003

서론: 악성 말초 신경막 종양(Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, MPNST)에 대하여 수술, 항암제 투여, 방사선 치료 등을 시행하고 이에 따른 종양학적 결과를 분석하여 보다 합리적인 치료 방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 1986년 2월부터 1996년 11월까지 본원에 등록된 MPNST 환자 34례를 대상으로 하였다. 남자가 17례, 여자가 17례였고 평균연령은 41세(18세~74세)였다. 종양의 위치는 하지가 17례, 상지 11례, 체간부 4례, 후복막 2례였다. AJC(American Joint Committee on Cancer) 분류에 의한 종양의 병기는 stage IA가 2례, stage IIA 2례, stage IIB 6례, stage III 16례, 그리고 stage IV가 8례였다. 치료 방법으로는 26례에서 수술과 항암제 투여 그리고 때에 따라서 방사선치료를 시행하였고 3례에서는 수술만, 3례에서는 항암제 투여나 방사선 치료만 시행하였다. 평균 추시 기간은 33.5개월(5.6개월~141.1개월)이었다. Kaplan-Meiyer 법으로 생존율을 구하였고, log rank test로 비교 분석 하였다. 결과: 최종 추시상 질병 상태는 14례에서 CDF(continuous disease free)였고, 2례가 NED(no evidence of disease), 2례 AWD(alive with disease), 그리고 14례가 DOD(died of disease)였다. 실제(actuarial) 5년 생존율과 10년 생존율 은 53.5 %와, 35.7%였다. 수술 후의 국소 재발율은 24.1%였다. 병기별 5년 실질 생존율은 stage I이 100%, stage II 85.7%, stage III 55.9%였고 stage IV의 경우 2년 실질 생존율이 14.3%였다(p=0.04). Stage II, III에서 수술한 경우 21례에서, 광범위 이상의 절제연을 얻었던 경우가 15례로 5년 실질생존율이 76.0%였고 병소내이거나 변연부 절제연의 경우는 6례로 40.0%였다(p=0.26). 4회차 이상의 항암화학요법제를 투여한 군(8례)의 5년 실질생존율은 71.4%였고 3회차 이하의 불충분한 항암제투여를 시행한 군(6례)의 3년 실질생존율은 83.3%였다(p=0.96). Stage II, III 중 방사선 치료 없이 수술 받은 19례에서 병소내 절제나 변연부 절제를 시행했던 5례는 3례가 국소 재발하였고(60.0%) 광범위 절제를 시행한 14례는 4례가 국소 재발하였다(28.6%). 수술 전 또는 후에 방사선치료를 시행하였던 8례에서는 국소재발이한 예도 없었다. 결론: 외과적 절제연(surgical margin)이 국소 재발에는 중요한 요인이었고, 통계적으로 의미있는 수치는 아니었지만 생존율에도 영향을 주는 경향이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 기존의 항암제 투여는 국소 재발이나 생존율상에 통계적으로 의미있는 차이를 보이지 못하였다. 수술전과 수술후 시행하였던 방사선치료는 국소 재발을 줄이는데 어느 정도의 효과를 보였다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

The reproductive ecology of the purple shell, Rapana venosa was investigated by the histological observations on depositions of the egg capsules, and hatching of larvae in the laboratory and the subtidal zone of the vicinity of piung-do, Chollabud-do, west coast of korea, for one year from June 1992 to May 1993. The results are summarized as follows:1. Rapana venosa is dioecious in sex. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises of gonads could be classified into 4 stages in males and 5 stages in females: 1) growing stage(in female subdivided into 2 stages of early and late growing stage). 2)mature stage. 3)spent stage or copulationstage. 4)rdcovering stage. The early growing stage in females of the purple shell was in September through February, late gorwing stage was in October to March, mature stage was in September to January, mature stage was in September to July, copulation stage was in Februaty to June and recovering stage in April to October.3. Spawning occurred 3-4 times at intervals of 1-3 days, and completed within 10 days from the beginning of spawning during the spawning season of the year.4. From the results of laboratory and field observations, egg masses are composed of a number of egg capsules, egg masses are occurred from May to late August, and in mid August depositions of egg mass in composed of 90-113 egg capsules, fecundity in an egg capsule was ranged 984 to 1,241 eggs(average 1,096 egg). Therefore, fecundity in total egg capsules spawned per individual during the spawning season is estimated as approximately 320,000 to 450,000 egges.5. The incubation period during deposition of an egg capsule to hatching larvad tood 17 days at 18.3-20.4%C(water temperature)and 1.021 (specific gravity fo sea water).

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2005

Neuroblastoma treatment remains challenging, but treatment has become more effective due to the establishment of clinical and biological variables that determine prognostic risks. Initially, stage and age were the prime determinants of survival used in clinical practice. Risk-based therapy currently is the hallmark of neuroblastoma treatment. This study reviews one center's experience with the management of neuroblastoma. Sixty-three patients with neuroblastoma were treated from 1989 to 2003. All patients were graded according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) at diagnosis. There were 37 boys and 26 girls. The median age was 2.14 years (range, 33 days-10.2years). The primary site was the adrenal gland in 47, dumbbell shape extending into spinal canal in 6, retroperitoneum in 5, mediastinum in 3, and other sites in 2. The probability of 5-year overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) were 46.7 % and 44.2 % by Kaplan-Meier method. According to INSS, there were stage 1 in 2 cases, stage 2 in 5, stage 3 in 12, stage 4 in 42, and stage 4s in 2. There were statistically significant differences in the survival rates between patients with stage1, 2 and stage 3, 4(P<0.05). For the stage 3 and 4, the extents of surgical resection, determined from the operative records and pathologies, were complete resection in 17 cases, minimal residual in 15, and partial resection 11, and the 5-year OS rate was 57.8, 51.4, and 13.6 %, respectively. There is a trend toward higher OS with more complete resection (P<0.05). We conclude that age and stage at diagnosis are prognostic factors, and complete excision of the primary tumor can provide better prognosis for patients with stage 3 and 4 neuroblastoma.