• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2003

본 연구는 디자인의 프로세스를 2단계모델과 3단계모델로 구분하고 이들 각 모델의 효율성에 대하여 검증하였다. 2단계모델은 디자이너의 창의적인 마인드를 바탕으로 주관적이고 감각적으로 수행하는 디자인활동을 의미하며 반대로 3단계모델인 경우 객관적이고 논리적인 소비자 중심적자인 활동을 의미한다. 기존 연구에서는 이러한 두 가지 모델에 대하여 상대적으로 어떤 모델이 더 효과적인가에 대하여 의견의 일치를 이루어내지 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 이들 두 모델에 대하여 시장선도전략(market leader strategy)과 시장탐색전략(market seeker strategy)의 개념을 통해 각각의 효율성을 제시하였다 즉, 실증분석을 통해 명성브랜드라면 2단계모델을 바탕으로 한 시장선도전략이 그리고 비명성브랜드인 경우에는 3단계 모델을 바탕으로 한 시장탐색전략이 더 효율적이라는 상황적 입장을 제시하였으며 다만 어떤 상황에서 어떤 모델이 더 효율적인지에 대한 다각적인 검토가 더 필요하다고 제안하고 있다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.603-615
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to investigate the interrelationship between the growth change of mandible and the developmental age of growing girls in the longitudinal data from 7 years to 15 years. The data were obtained from maturation stage of cervical vertebrae through the serial lateral cephalogram, height increment records which was taken at one year interval, menarche date through interview. On the basis of findings of this study, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. In general the growth of mandible (Ar-Pog, Ar-Go, Go-Pog) showed two peaks of growth velocity. 2. The maximum growth of mandible (Ar-Pog, Ar-Go, Go-Pog) almost appeared between stage 3 and stage 4 in maturation of cervical vertebrae. 3. It showed the tendency that the maximum increment of height appeared faster than that of mandible (Ar-Pog, Ar-Go, Pog-Go). 4. The maximum growth of height almost appeared between stage 2 and stage 3 in maturation of cervical vertebrae. 5. It showed the tendency that the menarche appeared later than the maximum growth of mandible (Ar-Pog, Ar-Go, Pog-Go). 6. The menarche almost appeared at stage 4, stage 5 in maturation of cervical vertebrae.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권E1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2001

To evaluate the correct separation capacity of cascade impactor for liquid aerosol, theoretical and experimental calculations of 50% cut-off diameter(ECOD(sub)50) were performed. A recalculation method of original diameter for hemispheric liquid aerosol collected on casecad impactor is also proposed newly using fixation technique. Calculated values for theoretical (ECOD(sub)50) of 40stage cascade impactor are 20, 6.4, 2.8, and 1.4$\mu\textrm{m}$ at 1st- ,2nd-, 3rd- and 4th-stage, respectively. A good agreement between the result of theoretical (ECOD(sub)50) and that og experimental ones was obtained at Stage 2 and 3. On the other hand, relatively large differences were found at Stage 1 and 4. Fixation for liquid aerosols using ${\alpha}$-cyanoacrylate monomer was performed successfully. The orignal diameter of liquid aerosols collected on each stage was calculated. The maximum levels of number size distribution curves at each stage are 19.8, 6.5, 3.1 and 1.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ at 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd- and 4th-stage, respectively. The distortion of separation capacity of cascade impactor due to the split, merger, disappearance, and evaporation of liquid aerosols in the fluid did not occur.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the factors affecting healing of Stage 2 pressure ulcer in an acute care facility in Korea. Methods: 286 Stage 2 pressure ulcers of 145 patients were examined. Data were collected in the period between October $1^{st}$, 2006 and September $30^{th}$, 2007. Data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for cumulative recovery rate of Stage 2 pressure ulcers. Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine effects of multiple variables simultaneously. Results: Out of 286 initial Stage 2 pressure ulcers, 204 (71.3%) pressure ulcers healed completely. The median time to heal was 15 days according to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Cox proportional hazard model showed that the Stage 2 pressure ulcers healed more quickly when pressure redistribution surfaces were used (p<.001, HR=2.184), patients were administered with vitamins (p= .038, HR=1.451), and the size of the pressure ulcers were small (${\leq}3.0cm^2$, p= .006, HR=1.765). Conclusion: The factors contributing to the healing of Stage 2 pressure ulcer in an acute care setting were the application of pressure redistribution surface, small ulcer size (${\leq}3.0cm^2$), and the administration of vitamins.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

This study was focused on experiment for the separation and concentration process of Cu(II), Zn(II) solution with the variation of applied pressure and concentration using reverse osmosis plate and frame modules. Rejection coefficient and degree of concentration for Cu(II) component using single and multi-stage reverse osmosis process were showed 96.3~97.8%, 0.044~0.191(in single-stage), 96.3~98.4%, 0.400~2.264(in multi-stage) within the range of experimental condition, respectively. Those of Zn(II) were 93.3~97.1%, 0.019~0.395(in single-stage), 96.3~98.2%, 0.365~1.454(in multi-stage), respectively. Degree of concentration of multi-stage were higher than those of single-stage. Heavy metal[Cu(II), Zn(II)] separation was very efficient in using reverse osmosis plate and frame type modules. Separation efficiency for a mixed solution Cu(II) and Zn(II) was higher than those of each one of Cu(II) and Zn(II).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.771-774
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• 2016

Thymic tumors are the most common tumors in the anterior mediastinum. Total resection is the main treatment and predictor of longer survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy is recommended with incomplete excision or advanced disease. Thirty seven patients with thymic tumors were included in this retrospective study from January 2001 till December 2012. They were studied regarding age, sex, performance status, tumor size and invasion, stage, pathology, treatment given, overall and progression free survival. Myasthenia gravis was present in 18.1% of the patients. Masaoka stage III was diagnosed in 40.5% of the cases followed by stage II in 24.3% and the other stages with lower percentages. Pathology type B3 was the most frequent followed by B2 and B1 with percentages of 27, 24.3 and 21.7 respectively. Complete resection was conducted in 11 cases (29.75%). Partial resection or debulking was done in 15 (40.5%) and a biopsy was taken in 11 cases (29.8%) Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 14 patients (37.8%) and neoadjuvant to 13 (35.2%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 17 patients (46%) and neoadjuvant to 14 (37.8%). The 5-year overall survival by was 83% for stage I, 71% for stage II, 60% for stage III, and 44% for stage IV (p=0.0426). Five year progression free survival was 71% for stage I, 62% stage II, 42% stage III, and 37% for stage IV (p=0.0532). In conclusion with the rare thymic tumors early stage and complete resection have the highest impact on overall and progression free survival.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 콘서트홀에서 확산체의 Early Stage Support (ST1)에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위하여 1:25 축소모형에서 8지점을 설정하여 ST1을 측정하였다. 무대 바닥에 의한 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 흡음천의 유무에 따라 ST1의 결과값의 차이를 살펴보았다. 무대측벽에 대한 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 기존의 확산체, 확산체를 제거한 경우와 반구 확산체의 3가지 형태의 확산체를 사용하여 측벽의 변화에 의한 ST1 값의 결과를 살펴보았다. 결과적으로 무대 바닥에서의 흡음천의 사용은 ST1에서 고주파의 저감을 일으켰으나 평균값에는 큰 차이가 없었으며, 3가지 형태의 확산체는 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 측정 지점에 따라 ST1 값의 차이가 발생하였고, 특히 반구 확산체에서는 ST1 값이 고르게 분포하였다. 따라서 무대 바닥은 상대적으로 ST1의 변화에 큰 영향을 주지 않았고, 무대 측벽의 형상은 확산현상에 의해 ST1의 분포에 영향을 주었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.362-374
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• 2006

Currently, all design information of a hull structure is being first defined on 2D drawings not 3D CAD model at the initial ship design stage and then transferred to following design stages through the 2D drawings. This is caused by the past design practice, limitation on time, and lack of hull structural CAD systems supporting the initial design stage. As a result, the following design tasks such as the process planning and scheduling are being manually performed using the 2D drawings. For solving this problem, a data structure supporting the initial design stage is proposed and a prototype system is developed based on the data structure. The applicability of the system is demonstrated by applying it to various examples. The results show that the system can be effectively used for generating the 3D CAD model of the hull structure at the initial design stage.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.99-111
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• 1989

To study the sexual maturity at puberty and interrelation between pubertal growth peak and sexual maturity, 68 malocclusions (female 44, male 24) were longitudinally studied for 4 years and cross-sectional samples of 210 malocclusions were studied together. The pubertal growth peak was determined by stature increment and sexual maturity was studied using developmental stages of pubic hair and breast, menarche in female and those of pubic hair in male. The following results were obtained. 1. Mean age at menarche was 12.8 years and it was 11.8 months later than PHV. 2. At pubertal growth peak, developmental stage 2 (54.2%) and 3 (29.2%) of pubic hair were most in male, and stage 1 (72.7%) and 2 (20.5%) were most in female. 3. At pubertal growth peak, the developmental stage 2 (50%) of breast was most and the stage 3 (43.2%) was next. 4. In interrelation between skeletal growth and sexual maturity, PHV had most high correlation with menarche and stage 3 of breast, and menarche had most high correlation with stage 3 of breast. 5. Appearance of remarkable sexual maturity suggested that the PHV was passed already.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 1994

참당귀(當歸)의 생육단계(生育段階)에 따른 $GA_3$, IAA 및 ABA의 함양변화(含量變化)를 구명(究明)하여 생육조절물질(生長調節物質)을 이용(利用)한 추대억제방법(抽臺抑制方法)의 확립(確立)을 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)로 활용(活用)하고자 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. $GA_3$ 함양(含量)은 개화전기(開花前期)에 4.87mg/kg으로 가장 높은 수치(數値)를 보였으며 이 시기(時期)를 중심(中心)으로 하여 전(前) . 후단계(後段階)로 갈수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 2. IAA의 함양(含量)도 개화전기(開花前期)에 2.27mg/kg으로 가장 높은 경향(傾向)이었고 그 전(前) . 후단계(後段階)로 갈수록 0. 15 -0.33mg /kg 수준(水準)으로 감소(滅少)하였다. 3. ABA는 생육단계(生育段階)가 진전(進展)됨에 따라 점진적(漸進的)으로 증가(增加)하여 결실기(結實期)에 0.37mg/kg으로 가장 높았다. 그리고 개화기(開花期)에는 일시적(一時的)으로 감소현상(減少現像)을 보였다.