• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.587-590
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• 1999

Gaze detection is to locate the position on a monitor screen where a user is looking at. We implement it by a computer vision system setting a camera above a monitor, and a user move (rotates and or translates) her face to gaze at a different position on the monitor. Up to now, we have tried several different approaches and among them the Two Neural Network approach shows the best result which is described in this paper (1.7 inch error for test data including facial rotation. 3.1 inch error for test data including facial rotation and translation).

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.967-976
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• 1999

In this paper we study the Hellinger distance based goodness-of-fit tests that are analogs of likelihood ratio tests. The minimum Hellinger distance estimator (MHDE) in normal models provides an excellent robust alternative to the usual maximum likelihood estimator. Our simulation results show that the Hellinger deviance test (Simpson 1989) based goodness-of-fit test is robust when data contain outliers. The proposed hellinger deviance test(Simpson 1989) is a more direcct method for obtaining robust inferences than an automated outlier screen method used before the likelihood ratio test data analysis.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2008

This study developed a novel augmented reality interface for minimally invasive surgery. The augmented reality technique can alleviate the sensory feedback problem inherent to laparoscopic surgery. An augmented reality system merges real laparoscope image and reconstructed 3D patient model based on diagnostic medical image such as CT, MRI data. By using reconstructed 3D patient model, AR interface could express structure of patient body that is invisible outside visual field of laparoscope. Therefore, an augmented reality system improved sight information of limited laparoscope. In our augmented reality system, the laparoscopic view is located at the center of a wide-angle concave screen and reconstructed 3D patient model is displayed outside the laparoscope. By using a joystick, the laparoscopic view and the reconstructed 3D patient model view are changed concurrently. With our augmented reality system, the surgeon can see the peritoneal cavity from a wide angle of view, without having to move the laparoscope. Since the concave screen serves immersive environments, the surgeon can feel as if she is in the patient body. For these reasons, a surgeon can recognize easily depth information about inner parts of patient and position information of surgical instruments without laparoscope motion. It is possible for surgeon to manipulate surgical instruments more exact and fast. Therefore immersive augmented reality interface for minimally invasive surgery will reduce bodily, environmental load of a surgeon and increase efficiency of MIS.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 1998

This study has carried out two steps. Firstly, the questionnaire was carried out in order to extract visual interference factors in the TV learning spaces. Secondly, on the basis of the questionnaire, it has been carried out two experiments in the TV learning space. In the experiment I, the preferable luminance of the characters and the preferable luminance ratios between the characters and backgrounds on the TV screen are extracted. In the experiment II, the preferable luminance distributions on the TV screen and its surrounding surfaces is found out. The data made in this study is expected to utilize in the lighting design on the TV learning spaces as guides.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.8
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

One of the desired features for the realizations of high quality Information and Telecommunication services in future is "the Sensation of Reality". This will be achieved only with the visual communication based on the 3- dimensional (3-D) moving images. The main difficulties in realizing 3-D moving image communication are that there is no developed data transmission technology for the hugh amount of data involved in 3-D images and no established technologies for 3-D image recording and displaying in real time. The currently known stereoscopic imaging technologies can only present depth, no moving parallax, so they are not effective in creating the sensation of the reality without taking eye glasses. The more effective 3-D imaging technologies for achieving the sensation of reality are those based on the multiview 3-D images which provides the object image changes as the eyes move to different directions. In this paper, a multiview 3-D imaging system composed of 8 CCD cameras in a case, a RGB(Red, Green, Blue) beam projector, and a holographic screen is introduced. In this system, the 8 view images are recorded by the 8 CCD cameras and the images are transmitted to the beam projector in sequence by a signal converter. This signal converter converts each camera signal into 3 different color signals, i.e., RGB signals, combines each color signal from the 8 cameras into a serial signal train by multiplexing and drives the corresponding color channel of the beam projector to 480Hz frame rate. The beam projector projects images to the holographic screen through a LCD shutter. The LCD shutter consists of 8 LCD strips. The image of each LCD strip, created by the holographic screen, forms as sub-viewing zone. Since the ON period and sequence of the LCD strips are synchronized with those of the camera image sampling adn the beam projector image projection, the multiview 3-D moving images are viewed at the viewing zone.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.127-134
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• 2011

A finite state machine was designed to control user's gaze on the screen when the user is monitoring the. It consists of a set of situations where pupils are gazed and a set of states which decide the gaze on a screen or sleeping. The states were especially classified into main states, pre-states and potential states. The machine uses the situation history, which decide current state using continuous previous situation and current situation, and improves the accuracy to control the gaze on a screen. We implemented the machine with the data which were get using a pupil detection method, and tested the verification of the system with monitoring operations. The experimentation using the method which get date from real images shows advantage of decision whether it is temporary gaze or long-term gaze.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.145-167
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the moderated-moderated mediating effects of children's media content selection and parental restrictive media mediation on the relationship between children's screen media time and executive function difficulties. Methods: A total of 693 parents of children aged 5~6 years participated in this study and were asked to answer all survey questions. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation analysis using SPSS 27.0. Model 11 of PROCESS macro 4.3 was used to examine the moderated-moderated mediation model. Children's gender, age, childcare enrollment status, and household income were included in the analyses as covariates. Results: The moderated-moderated mediating effects of children's media content selection and parental restrictive media mediation were found to be significant. Specifically, bedtime mediated the relationship between screen media time and executive function difficulties only when parents did not appropriately implement restrictive mediation and children freely selected media content. Conclusion/Implications: It is recommended that parents understand the importance of implementing restrictive media mediation and selecting appropriate media contents for their child to prevent executive function difficulties in early childhood. Also, child education or day-care centers should offer education program about appropriate media use to reach more parents.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2018

In this study, an augmented reality(AR)-based information management system for agricultural facility is proposed. Using a variety of sensed data transmitted by Lora-based wireless networks deployed at the agricultural facility, this system is capable of augmenting the sensed data and displaying them on the user's smartphone screen to provide visualized information to user. When users point their smartphone camera to the agricultural facility, the environment information collected from numerous sensors installed at the facility would be visualized and appear on the screen. Unlike traditional system which requires user to search a specific facility and then select sensor(s) to obtain the environment information, the proposed system shows the information on smartphone screen by augmenting it with real image captured by camera without doing a series of time-taking selection process. Since the way of acquiring information is through image or video, this system contributes to convenient monitoring and efficient management for agricultural facility.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.578-583
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• 2017

This paper presents a 3D touch pad technology that uses force touch sensors as a next-generation method for mobile applications. 3D touch technology requires detecting the location and pressure of touches simultaneously, as well as multi-touch function. We used metal foil strain gauges for the touch recognition sensor and detected the weak touch signals using Wheatstone bridge circuit at each strain gauge sensor. We also developed a touch recognition system that amplifies touch signals, converts them to digital data through a microprocessor, and displays the data on a screen. In software, we designed a touch recognition algorithm with C code, which is capable of recognizing two-point touch and differentiating touch pressures. We carried out a successful experiment to display two touch signals on a screen with different forces and locations.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1133-1138
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• 2014

Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI- MS/MS) provides a high-speed method to screen a large number of samples for small molecules with specific properties. In this study, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was employed to screen urinary phospholipid (PL) content for biomarkers of prostate cancer. From lists of urinary PLs structurally identified using nanoflow LC-ESI-MS/MS, 52 PL species were selected for quantitative analysis in urine samples between 22 cancer-free urologic patients as controls and 45 prostate cancer patients. Statistical treatment of data by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis yielded 14 PL species that differed significantly in relative concentrations (area under curve (AUC) > 0.8) between the two groups. Among PLs present at higher levels in prostate cancer urine, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylinositols (PIs) constituted the major head group PLs (3 PCs and 7 PIs). For technical reasons, PL species of low abundance may be underrepresented in data from UPLC-ESI-MS/MS performed in MRM mode. However, the proposed method enables the rapid screening of large numbers of plasma or urine samples in the search for biomarkers of human disease.