• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

Laminar-shear-boxes are widely used to simulate free-field seismic ground response by using a l-g shaking table or geo centrifuge in geotechnical earthquake engineering. This study numerically modeled and compared the ground responses in the free field, rigid box, and laminar shear box by using a 3-D FEM program. It is found from the numerical simulations that the laminar shear box can simulate the free field ground movement more precisely than the rigid box. However, the laminar shear box underestimated the surface acceleration of the free field ground. It also showed low-frequency characteristics probably because the stiffness and inertia effect of surrounding ground are neglected.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.96-101
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• 1991

프리스트레스트 콘크리트 교량은 콘크리트와 PS 강재의 역학적 장점들을 십분 활용하여 경제적인 단면 구성이 가능한 반면, 서로 다른 두 재료의 복합적인 특성들 즉, 콘크리트의 크리이프 (creep), 건조수축 (shrinkage)과 PS 강재의 이완 (relaxation) 등과 같이 시간에 따라 변화하는 인자들로 인하여 복잡한 구조적 거동을 보여 해석상 어려움이 따른다. 이와같은 복합거동은 시공순서와 시공방법에 의해 시공중의 구조계와 지지조건 등이 변화하는 경우에는 더욱 복잡한 양상을 띄게 된다. 뿐만 아니라 박스 거더와 같은 박벽요소에서는 일반적인 보요소(beam element)로는 나타낼 수 없는 ？(warping)을 무시할 수 없으므로 ？ 자유도를 구현할 수 있는 특수한 기능의 구조해석용 프로그램의 개발이 절실히 요망된다. 그리고 시공단계별로 출력되는 많은 양의 수치결과들을 설계와 시공실무자에 지향된 형태로 조합, 변형시켜 그래픽 화면상에 나타내는 후처리 프로그램(Post-processor) 기능도 구조해석용 프로그램의 개발 못지않게 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 삼성종합건설과 서울대 토목공학과가 공동으로 ？(warping) 자유도를 포함한 7개의 자유도를 갖는 3차원 보요소를 사용하여 PS 콘크리트의 재료적 특성인 크리이프와 건조수축, 그리고 강재의 이완(relaxation)을 포함한 프리스트레싱력의 손실을 고려할 수 있고 시공 단계별 구조계의 변화 및 지지조건들의 다양한 변화를 효율적으로 모사할 수 있는 프로그램의 개발에 있다.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

A code developed using the flux-difference splitting scheme on the hybrid Cartesian/immersed boundary method is applied to simulate three-dimensional internal waves. The material interface is regarded as a moving contact discontinuity and is captured on the basis of mass conservation without any additional treatment across the interface. Inviscid fluxes are estimated using the flux-difference splitting scheme for incompressible fluids of different density. The hybrid Cartesian/immersed boundary method is used to enforce the boundary condition for a moving three-dimensional body. Immersed boundary nodes are identified within an instantaneous fluid domain on the basis of edges crossing a boundary. The dependent variables are reconstructed at the immersed boundary nodes along local normal lines to provide the boundary condition for a discretized flow problem. The internal waves are simulated, which are generated by an pitching ellipsoid near an material interface. The effects of density ratio and location of the ellipsoid on internal waves are compared.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2023

Recently, as the development of underground spaces has become active due to rapid urbanization and population density, interest in the ground behavior according to the construction of underground spaces is increasing. In large cities with high population density and many buildings, ground subsidence has a great impact on structures and there may be a risk of collapse, so the analysis of ground behavior due to underground construction is essential. Previous studies have been conducted on the subsidence pattern of the surface and the deformation of the tunnel when constructing the tunnel, but analysis has rarely been conducted by using actual topographic information. Therefore, this study analyzed the difference in ground behavior between the actual topography and the flat topography. As a result, it was confirmed that ground settlement occurs at higher elevations, such as in mountainous topography, and when the numerical analysis is performed considering topographical information, the crown settlement of the tunnel is up to about approx. It showed a difference of 10 mm, and it was found that the sensitivity was less in the case of displacement of tunnel wall compared to the crown settlement and ground settlement. The numerical analysis considering the actual GIS-based topographic information presented in this study can be used to obtain more accurate surface subsidence data to understand the behavior of the upper structure due to tunnel excavation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

In this paper, nonlinear parallel structural analyses are introduced by using the parallel multifrontal solver and damage localization for 2D and 3D crack models is presented as the application of nonlinear parallel computation. The parallel algorithms related with nonliear reduce the amount of memory used is carried out because many variables should be utilized for this highly nonlinear damage analysis. Also, Riks' continuation method is parallelized to search the solution when strain softening occurs due to damage evolution. For damage localization problem, several computational models having up to around 1-million degree of freedoms are used. The parallel performance in this nonlinear parallel algorithm is shown through these examples and the local variation of damage at crack tip is compared among the models with different degree of freedoms.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2010

A two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to predict the temperature and moisture-content profiles of a tumble dryer during infrared drying. The model is based on the movements of liquid water and moisture in the object and on the fluid and heat transfer in the drying air. The model was solved by the finite volume analysis for the fluid, temperature, and radiation intensity fields. After deriving the governing equations and developing the two-dimensional tumble dryer models, numerical investigations were carried out to examine the effects of various parameters such as the heater temperature and the heating patterns on the drying mechanism of the tumble dryer. All the results show that the drying time can be reduced by using the IR heater.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.473-483
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• 2020

This paper examines the vertical stress change concentrated on mine pillar which occurs due to the stress disturbance from opening excavation at room and pillar mine by FLAC3D, a finite difference method (FDM) software. The mesh size combination is decided with a careful consideration of relative error and run-time, then its performance is verified. A series of numerical analyses is conducted and the vertical stress at central pillar was observed for the test cases of 1×1 to 11×11 mine pillars, 40 m to 320 m depth with 40 m difference. The results show that the vertical stress of pillar approaches to the similar value with the value estimated by tributary area theory(TAT) when the development area (N_P) is increased or the height of overburden (H_OB) is decreased, while it is overestimated in the opposite case. Furthermore, it also represents that the vertical stress factor (VSF) converges to a specific value when the depth is increased whille keeping the development area identical.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2020

Submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is a type of tunnel that allows tunnel segments to float underwater by buoyancy, and is being actively studied in recent years. When the submerged floating tunnel is connected to the ground, the tunnel and the bored tunnel inside the ground must be connected. There is risk that the stress will be concentrated at the connection between the two tunnels due to the different constraints and behavior of the two tunnels. Therefore, special design and construction methods should be applied to ensure the stability around the connection. However, previous studies on the stability at the connection site have not been sufficiently carried out, so study on the basic stage of the stability at connection site are necessary. In this study, numerical analysis simulating the connection between submerged floating tunnel and the bored tunnel confirmed that the shear strain concentration occurred in the ground around the connection, and it was analyzed that the structural factors can be handled during construction to have effects on the stability of the ground around the connection. Numerical results show that the risks from disproportionate displacements in the two tunnels can be mitigated through the construction of grouting material and joint design. Although the results from this study are qualitative results, it is expected that it will contribute to the determination of structural factors and risk areas that should be considered in the design of connections between the submerged floating tunnel and bored tunnel in the future studies.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.573-590
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• 2020

This study presents the current status of DECOVALEX-2023 project Task G and our research results so far. Task G, named 'Safety ImplicAtions of Fluid Flow, Shear, Thermal and Reaction Processes within Crystalline Rock Fracture NETworks (SAFENET)' aims at developing a numerical method to simulate the fracture creation and propagation, and the coupled thermohydro-mechanical processes in fracture in crystalline rocks. The first research step of Task G is a benchmark simulation, which is designed for research teams to make their modelling codes more robust and verify whether the models can represent an analytical solution for displacements of a single rock fracture. We reproduced the mechanical behavior of rock and embedded single fracture using a three-dimensional grain-based distinct element model for the simulations. In this method, the structure of the rock was represented by an assembly of rigid tetrahedral grains moving independently of each other, and the mechanical interactions at the grains and their contacts were calculated using 3DEC. The simulation results revealed that the stresses induced along the embedded fracture in the model were relatively low compared to those calculated by stress analysis due to stress redistribution and constrained fracture displacements. The fracture normal and shear displacements of the numerical model showed good agreement with the analytical solutions. The numerical model will be enhanced by continuing collaboration and interaction with other research teams of DECOVALEX-2023 Task G and validated using various experiments in a further study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1214-1218
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• 2007

댐 하류로 탁수를 선택적으로 배제하기 위해서는 방류 탁수가 하류에 미치는 영향을 정확히 예측할 수 있는 하천 탁도 예측 및 관리시스템 구축이 필요하다. 낙동강과 반변천의 합류부에서의 이차원적인 혼합에 관한 수치해석 결과는 완전혼합을 가정하는 일차원 수질모델링의 초기 입력자료에 사용됨으로써 낙동강 본류 전체구간의 탁도 모의결과의 정확성을 높이는 데 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 낙동강의 중상류에 위치한 반변천 합류부에 평면 이차원 비정상 수치모형인 KU-RLMS 모형을 적용하여 탁도 변화 특성을 규명할 목적으로 수행하였다. KU-RLMS 모형은 하천 및 저수지의 국부적인 수리, 수질, 유사이동 해석을 위해 개발된 평면 이차원 비정상 수치모형이다. 직사각형 격자를 사용하는 유한차분법의 단점을 보완하기 위해, 수심적분된 2차원 연속방정식, 운동량방정식, 이송확산방정식을 불규칙한 경계를 현실적으로 모사할 수 있는 직교곡선 좌표계로 변환한 방정식을 사용한다. 이 모형은 흐름, 농도, 지형변화를 조합하여 계산할 수 있는 모형으로서 점착성 및 비점착성 유사의 이동을 모의할 수 있다. 수치모형 적용을 위한 현황분석으로 안동 및 임하 조정지댐의 방류량, 안동 수위관측소의 수위, 법흥교 및 포진교 지점의 탁도 자료를 분석하였다. 이송확산모형의 보정을 위해, 안동대교 지점의 탁도 횡분포 측정 자료를 사용하여 확산계수에 대한 매개변수 추정 및 검증을 수행하였다. 또한, 안동조정지댐과 임하조정지댐의 방류량 및 방류탁도을 고려하여 수치모의조건을 결정하였으며, 각 조건에 대한 탁도 변화 특성을 분석하였다.된 주변국이 될 수밖에 없을 것이다. 21세기 문화산업에서 우리가 판단하게 될 디자인의 가치는 계몽의 원리에 대한 '역사성'과 '현재성'의 변증법에 달려있는 것이며, 새로운 철학, 새로운 문명, 새로운 세계를 열어가는 것이다.r$ (地理志)에는 추현리와 이미 외리를 언급하면서 상주의 자기제작의 위상을 짐작하는 기록이 언급되면서 전국의 상품의 절반을 담당하고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 상주가 8곳으로 1/3의 자기 생산을 담당하고 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$\lrcorner$(東國與地勝覽) 에서는 자기소와 도기