• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.217-220
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• 1995

By substituting Cd$\^$2+/ into both A-site and B-site in PNN-PZ-PT ternary perovskite material, it is possible to determine the effects of the substitution site of Cd$\^$2+/ on sintering behavior. Sintering was performed in the temperature range from 1000$^{\circ}C$ to 1300$^{\circ}C$. The substitution site of Cd$\^$2+/ is identified by XPS spectra. Although Cd$\^$2+/ is substituted into both A-site and B-site in PNN-PZ-PT, Cd$\^$2+/ prefers A-site to B-site. The density is influenced by substitution site of Cd$\^$2+/. If Cd$\^$2+/ replaces Pv$\^$2+/, weight gain is observed during sinterig process. On the contrary, if Cd$\^$2+/ replaces Ni$\^$2+/, weight loss is promoted during sintering. From these weight changes, it is believed that Cd$\^$2+/ changes the bonding strength between B-site cation and oxygen of octahedron in perovskite structure. The changes of lattice parameters as a function of Cd$\^$2+/ content were consistent with those of the bonding strength. The densities of A-site-doped compositions were higher than those of B-site-doped composition.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.491-496
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• 2000

Single phae Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-based solid solutions, the Mg2+ of which are replaced by 20mol% of Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and the Pb2+ of which are replaced by 0∼20 mol% of La3+, were synthesized and their ordering structures of B-site cations were investigated by XRD and TEM. The B'-site cations (Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) are disordered while these B'-site cations and the B"-site cations (Nb5+) are nonstoichiometrically 1:1 ordered within the ordered nano-domains dispersed in the Nb5+-rich disordered matrix. The charge imbalance between the B'-rich ordered nano-domains and the B"-rich disordered matrix are compensated by the doping of electron donor such as La3+, which enhances the degree of nonstoichiometric 1:1 ordering. For a given La3+ content, the degree of nonstoichiometric 1:1 ordering increases as the average ionic size difference between the B'-and B"-site cations increases, Ni2+

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 1996

Spatial distribution characteristics, volume backscattering strength and species composition of midwater trawling catch was analyzed biological and acoustical characteristics of anchovy shoal, using a high resolution echo - sounder at the south region of East sea of Korea. 1) In the survey site A of Lat.35$^{\circ}$55'N, Long.129$^{\circ}$45'E, the anchovy shoal of small to middle size with the horizontal range of 10~25m and large size with the horizontal range of 40~50m were distributed together. However in the survey site B of Lat.35$^{\circ}$38'N, Long.129$^{\circ}$40'E, the anchovy shoal was observed to be mainly small size which about 78% of the detected shoal. Another was that the anchovy shoal with the vertical range of 2~8m occupied about 68.6% in the survey site A and that of 6~12m occupied about 42.5% in the survey site B. The mainly the site A and B were found to be 10~50m super (2), 64.5% and 20~80m super (2), 66%, respectively. 2) The volume backscattering strength in the site A and B were observed to be -44.0~ -28.0dB, respectively. In the site A, the backscattering strength of -40.0~ -30.0dB was analyzed about 41.4%. 3) Most of total anchovy shoal was concentrated in the water layer of 50~100m in depth with 15.3~18.5$^{\circ}C$, 34.0~34.3$\textperthousand$ in the survey site A and 14.2~16.4$^{\circ}C$, 34.1~34.2$\textperthousand$ in the survey site B. 4) Mean total length(TL) and body weight(BW) of anchovy in the survey site A were 9.9cm and 4.4g respectively, with TL-BW relationship of BW=0.0007T$L^3.65$super (3.85). In site B, mean total length(TL) and body weight(BW) were 11.2cm and 8.7g, with TL-BW relationship of BW=0.0023T$L^3.36$.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 1996

PLZT ceramics having two nominal compositions, $Pb_{1-3x/2}La_xV_{x/2}(Zr_{03}Ti_{03})O_3$ and $Pb_{1-x}La_x(Zr_{0.2}Ti_{0.5})_{1-x/4}V_{x/4}O_3$ (V: vacancy) with x=0.00~0.30, were prepared. The physical, structural, and dielectric properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and measurements of bulk density and dielectric constant. The two series with A-stie and B-site vacancies showed different physical, structural, dielectric properties, and, specially, Curie temperature. In comparison to PLZT with B-site vacancies, PLZT with A-site vacancies showed high Curie temperatures and low maxima of dielectric constant. Consequently, it is evident that the properties of PLZT ceramics depend on the vacancy formula adopted as a batch composition in preparation.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 2001

$Ni_{1+x}/Ti_{x}Fe_{2-2x}O_4$계 시료중 스피넬의 단일상만 존재하는 x값이 0~0.7인 시료에 대한 Mossbauer 스펙트럼을 측정 분석하였다. $0{\leqq}x{\leqq}0.3$인 시료에서는 두 site의 $Fe^{3+}$ 이온에 의한 두 개의 6선 흡수선이 나타났고, $0.4{\leqq}x{\leqq}0.6$인 시료에서는 두개의 6선 흡수선과 2선 흡수선이 공존하였으며, x=0.7인 시료는 2선 흡수선만 나타났다. x값의 증가에 따라 6선 흡수선의 A-site 공명 흡수 면적이 B-site에 비해 상대적으로 커지고, 2선 홀수선의 공명 흡수면적도 6선 흡수선에 비해 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. Mossbauer parameter중 이성질체 이동치 (I.S.)는 A-site의 경우에는 x값의 증가에 따라 커지는 반면 B-site는 큰 영향을 주지 않았고, 사중극자 분열치 (Q.S.)의 변화는 볼 수 없었으며, 두 Site의 미세자기장 ($H_{hf}$)은 X값의 증가에 따라 모두 감소하였다. 이러한 실험 결과로부터 시료의 금속 양이온 분포식을 구하였고, X값의 증가는 A-Site의 $Fe^{3+}-O^{2-}$ 결합의 공유 결합성을 약화시키는 반면 B-Site의 $Fe^{3+}O^{2-}$ 결합에는 큰 영향을 주지 않으며, 또한 X값의 증가에 따라 $Fe^{3+}\;_A-O^{2-}\;-Fe^{3+}\;_B$ 결합의 수가 감소하여 A-B 초교환 상호 작용이 약화되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate by the MGP analysis the composition of oribatid mite in coniferous and broad-leaved forests, Kwang Yng experiment plantation, Chola Nam Do Province, southern part of Korea. In these study area, 157 species of oribatid mites (Acari: Cryptogimata) were identified. Among them 6 species such as; Brachychochthonius jugatus JACOT, B hungaricus BALOGH, Eremulus translamealtus BALOGH et. MAHUNKA, Brachioppiella ctenifera GOLOSOVA, Striatoppia opuntiseta BALOGH et. MAHUNKA, Suctobelba perdentata baculifer BALOGH et. MAHUNKA have not been described in Korea. Species compositions were as follows; Among them 69 species were found in all the six sampling sites, 33 species scattered sporadically in all the area, 12 species found in coniferous forest, 10 species in broad-leaved forest only, and 33 species sampled at one site. According to the MGP analysis I, site B-1, B-2, and B-3 were found to be "Type G" and site C-1, C-2, and C-3 were "Type MG". According to the MGP analysis II, site B were found to be all "Type G". But site C-1 was "Type MG", C-2 was "Type M" and C-3 was "Type G" suggesting that "Group M" increased in the site C.e G" suggesting that "Group M" increased in the site C. in the site C.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2005

상업적으로 중요한 macrolide계 항진균 학생물질인 natamycin을 생산하는 Streptomyces natalensis ATCC27448의 환자 유전학적인 연구를 위해 대장균으로부터 S. natalensis로 plasmid DNA를 직접 도입하는 형질전환법을 확립하였다. 이러한 S. natalensis의 형질전환은 oriT와 attP 단편을 가지고 있는, ${\Phi}C31$ 유래의 integration 벡터인 pSET152를 이용하여 Escherichia coli ET12567/pUZ28002을 DNA 공여체(donor)로 이용한 접합전달법(conjugal transfer)을 사용하여 확립하였다. 접합전달의 가장 높은 효율은 10 mM의 $MgCl_2$를 포함한 MS 배지에서, $6.25\times10^8$의 E. coli 공여체와 열처리를 하지 않은 S. natalensis의 포자를 사용하여 얻어졌다. 또 얻어진 접합전달체 (exconjugant)에 대하여 southern blot hybridization과 벡터가 삽입된 염색체부분의 염기서열분석을 통해 attB site와 pseudo-attB site를 확인하다. attB site의 경우에는 다른 방선균들처럼 S. natalensis 염색체의 pirin 상동체를 코드하는 ORF내에 존재하였으나 pseudo-attB site는 염색체내 다른 site (GenBank accession no. $YP\_117731$)에 존재하였고 그 염기서열은 attB 염기서열과 차이를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2016

To understand the effects of habitat characteristics on the genetic diversity of Persicaria thunbergii, three sites of different environmental conditions in a water system were surveyed. Site A was the closest to the source of the water system, and there was a dam between sites A and B. Site C is located on the lowest downstream in the water system. Vegetation survey of four quadrats at each site was performed, and soil samples were collected for physicochemical analysis. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of ten P. thunbergii individuals at each site was conducted to calculate population genetic diversity and genetic distance among populations. Soil was sterile sand at site A, whereas loamy soil at sites B and C. A pure stand of P. thunbergii appeared at site A, while other species occurred together (such as Humulus japonicus and Phragmites australis) at sites B (Shannon-Wiener index; $H_B=0.309$) and C ($H_C=0.299$). Similar to the species diversity, genetic diversity (Nei's gene diversity; h) within population of site A ($h_A=0.2381$) was relatively lower than sites B ($h_B=0.2761$) and C ($h_C=0.2618$). However, site C was separated from sites A and B in genetic distance rather than the geographical distance (Nei's genetic distance; A~B, 0.0338; B~C, 0.0685; A~C, 0.0833).

• 자원환경지질
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2014

오레곤 대륙 주변부 남부 하이드레이트 릿지에서 실시한 ODP Leg 204에서 회수한 코어 Site 1249C와 Site 1251B의 유기물 기원 및 유기지화학적 특성을 규명하기 위하여 원소분석과 Rock-Eval 열분석 및 동위원소 비 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 Site 1249C와 Site 1251B의 유기물은 해양기원 유기물이 우세하며 이러한 결과는 퇴적물의 퇴적당시 환경이 일반적인 해양 환경이었음을 시사한다. 그러나 Rock-Eval 열분석 결과는 다른 분석결과와 반대의 결과를 나타내는데 이러한 결과는 열적으로 미성숙한 유기물이 열분석 과정에서 유기물의 특성이 제대로 반영되지 못하기 때문이다. 따라서 열분석 결과 해석은 다양한 지화학적 결과를 종합하여 해석할 필요가 있다. 코어의 유기물 기원이 동일함에도 불구하고 Site 1249C는 전 구간에서 가스 하이드레이트의 집적이 높은 반면, Site 1251B는 가스 하이드레이트가 일부 구간에서만 소량 발견되었다. 이러한 결과는 하이드레이트 정상부에 위치한 Site 1249C는 가스 하이드레이트 생성에 필요한 심부 열기원 가스가 천부 퇴적물로 이동할 수 있는 이동 통로(Horizon A, BSR2)가 존재하는 것을 시사한다. 그러나 가스 하이드레이트 집적이 미비한 분지 지역의 Site 1251B는 열기원 가스가 심부로부터 이동할 수 있는 가스 이동 통로가 제한적이고 그에 따른 가스 공급이 원활하게 이루어지지 않기 때문에 현장 퇴적물의 속성작용에 의한 생물기원 가스가 우세하여 가스 하이드레이트 생성이 제한적인 것으로 추정된다.

• 산업공학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2004

In the web environment for general information seeking and business-to-customer and business-to-business electronic commerce, users are customers. Understanding their expectations and how they feel about the web sites they use is becoming a very serious concern. While the success of a company or an organization is dependent on many factors, its web site plays a central role. This paper described the use of WebQual2.0 to evaluate the various web sites of B2B and B2C. WebQual2.0 has been extended and refined to encompass an interaction-quality literature. Furthermore, this paper described the use of Kano model to evaluate the various web sites which classified by internet business types. The result showed that the inherent characteristics of B2B and B2C web site should be considered in initial site construction. Further, customers in a web domain do not regard all quality factors as equally important and the rankings of important quality factors differ from one web domain to another. This study was focused on the identifying the weights of web quality factors according to the each web site of the internet business types.