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Investigation of Microbial Contamination of Dutch Coffee Sold at Food Service Business Operator (식품접객업소에서 판매되는 더치커피의 미생물 오염도 조사)

  • Lee, Hyo-Kyung;Do, Young-Sook;Park, Geon-Yeong;Lee, Hyun-Kyung;Choi, Yu-Mi;Lim, Hye-Won;Ham, Hyun-Kyung;Han, Yu-Ri;Lee, Myung-Jin
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.271-276
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    • 2022
  • This study aimed to investigate microbial contamination of Dutch coffee in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. A total of 70 different Dutch coffee were purchased from an offline market (food service business operator). Two types of coffee were considered: "coffee made from food service business operator" and "coffee made from food manufacturer." The levels of total aerobic bacteria were 0.74-6.21 log CFU/mL in 15 samples and fungi were 0.70-4.00 log CFU/mL in 21 samples. Total aerobic bacteria was detected at higher levels in "coffee made from food service business operator" than in "coffee made from food manufacturer," and the difference was not significant. Three samples in "coffee made from food manufacturer" exceeded the standard for total aerobic bacteria. Escherichia coli, Coliform, and 12 types of foodborne bacteria were not detected in all samples. The extraction method detected no difference in cell counts of total aerobic bacteria and fungi. Therefore, to reduce microbial contamination of Dutch coffee, managing hygiene while maintaining the refrigeration temperature from the bean management stage to the sale process is crucial.

The Relationship between Traditional Gender Role Attitudes of Fathers with Young Children on Perceived Maternal Gatekeeping Roles: The Mediating Effect of Paternal Depression (영유아기 자녀가 있는 아버지의 전통적인 성역할태도와 아버지가 인식한 어머니 문지기 역할의 관계: 아버지 우울의 매개효과)

  • Lee, Seul-Ki;Yoo, Sung-Kyung;Bang, Ji-Won
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.23-41
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    • 2022
  • This study aims to examine the mediating effects of paternal depression on the relationship between traditional gender role attitudes and the perceived maternal gatekeeping roles of fathers with young children. For this purpose, a survey was conducted by 366 married fathers who raises at least one child who is under seven years old. Mplus 7.0 was used to analyze the structural equation model, and the result showed that higher traditional gender role attitudes relate to more depressive symptoms, higher perceptions of maternal gate closing and lower perceptions of maternal gate opening. Also, more depressive symptoms were related to higher perceptions of maternal gate closing and lower perceptions of maternal gate opening. Additionally, the partial mediation effects of depression were observed in the relationship between traditional gender role attitudes and maternal gate keeping. Based on the findings, implications for therapeutic interventions were discussed, and recommendations for future research are presented.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Herbal Medicine Eye Drops on Conjunctivitis : A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis (결막염에 대한 한방 점안액의 효과 비교 : 체계적 문헌 고찰과 메타 분석)

  • Lim, Hui-Yeong;Kim, Jee-Hee;Ko, Woo-Shin;Yoon, Hwa-Jung
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.48-65
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    • 2022
  • Objectives : This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicine eye drops on conjunctivitis. Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials on conjunctivitis through 10 DBs from the start to April 27, 2022. Study collection and data extraction, and evaluation of risk of bias were conducted by two independent researchers. The evaluation of the risk of bias in included RCTs was carried out by using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. And the data synthesis was conducted by using Review Manager(RevMan, ver.5.4). Results : Total of 106 studies are researched and 7 studies of them are finally included. 1. The herbal medicine eye drops are more effective on than the western medicine eye drops, but the heterogeneity was very high. So we conducted sensitivity analysis and compared to the herbal medicine eye drops and the western medicine eye drops, the total effective rate was higher in the herbal medicine eye drops and the heterogeneity was somewhat reduced. 2. In the subgroup analysis, Fufang Xiongdan eye drops and Houttuynia cordata Thunb eye drops are more effective than the western medicine. It may represent substantial heterogeneity. 3. In the subgroup analysis, the herbal medicine eye drops are more effective than antibiotic and antiviral eye drops on acute bacterial conjunctivitis, but showed high heterogeneity. On the other hand, the herbal medicine eye drops are more effective than antibiotic and antiviral eyed drops on acute viral conjuctivitis and showed low heterogeneity. 4. In the subgroup analysis, we compared the effectiveness of herbal and western medicine eye drops according to total effectiveness rate evaluation methods. When comparing the studies calculating the total effective rate by the sum of 'Cured', 'Significantly Impaired', and 'Improved', the effective rate of the herbal medicine eye drops was higher than that of the western medicine eye drops, and the heterogeneity was very low. 5. In most studies, side effects of herbal medicine eye drops were absent or mild. Conclusions : This study shows that herbal medicine eye drops may be more effective than western medicine eye drops and have safety. But further researches are needed to resolve the heterogeneity of this study.

Influences of Water-logging Period at Different Growth Stages on Agronomic Characters in Sesame (참깨 생육기별 침수기간이 주요형질에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Hyoung-Koog;Kim, Yong-Jae;Guh, Ja-Ock;Hwang, Jong-Kyu;Kim, Hak-Jin
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.224-232
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    • 1990
  • This study was conducted to find out the improvement of water-logging injury which is an important factor of yield loss in sesame. Water-logging was treated at 10, 25, 40, 55 and 70 days after emergence for 24, 48 and 72 hours in sesame variety 'Ansanggae'. Some important agronomic characters were investigated after treatment. The important agronomic characters such as plant height, leaf area, dry matter weight, capsule setting stem length, number of capsules per plant, ripenning rate and 1,000 grain weight were most susceptible at 55 days after emergence by the water-logging treatment, and the longer period of water-logging, the more susceptible. Allmost of the useful agronomic characters were able to get over injury of water-logging only within 25days after emergence, but could not get it over since 40days. Grain yield was decreased due to the water-logging treatment by 69 to 86% in 55 days after emergence that is most susceptible stage for water-logging as compared with the untreated control which is 13g per pot, and the longer period of water-logging induced the lower yield. Oil content of grain showed significant decrease only in 55 days after emergence but the composition of fatty acid did not influenced by the water-logging.

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Flowering Response to Light Intensity and Night Interruption in Perilla (광강도와 야간조명에 따른 들깨의 개화 반응)

  • Oh, Myung-Kyu;Yu, Sug-Jong;Kim, Jong-Tae;Oh, Youn-Sup;Cheong, Young-Keun;Jang, Young-Sun;Park, Inn-Jin;Park, Keun-Yong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.543-547
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to light intensity and night interruption on leaf production in perilla. Using two cultivars ; og-dong and Yeup-sil. The present studies were conducted to investigate effect of the light intensity and night interruption for prolongation of vegetative growth by flowering inhibition in the National Honam Crop Experiment Station, R. D. A, Iri, Korea. The results are summarized as followes, varietal differences of days to flower initiation were not significant by the light intensity and night interruption, however differences of days to flower initiation light intensity or night interruption treatment were higly significant. Flowering of perilla was prolongated in high light intensity and in long night interruption. Between the factors treated flowering of perilla was more influenced by light intensity than night interruption. Days to flower initiation of perilla were light intensity(0.5∼1 Lux) in 30 mins night interruption, however 3∼10 light intensity in 60 mins night interruption and 30∼100 Lux light intensity in 10, 30, 60 mins night interruption treatment were not flowering. Plant height, leaf area and dry weight of perilla were the highest in 30∼100 Lux light intensity treatment than in the other treatments. The results would be avaliable establish year-round production methods for low cost of perilla leaf.

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Studies on the Varietal Response of Soybeans to Nitrogen Application level Under the Different Soil Acidity I. Effects of pH and Nitrogen Application Level on Nodulation, Allantoin-N and Total Nitrogen Content of Soybean Plants (대두의 토양산도에 따른 질소반응 연구 I. 토양 및 양액의 산도와 질소시용량이 콩의 근류착생, Allantoin 태질소 및 전질소함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hong-Suk;Kwon, Oh-Ha;Kim, Kwang-Ho
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.38-47
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    • 1988
  • To determine the response of soybean cultivars to nitrogen in relation to acidity, nodulation, content of allantoin nitrogen and major chemical compositions of soybean plants were investigated with two cultivars under two levels of soil pH and four levels of nitrogen fertilization in a field and nutri-culture experiments. Nodulation and contents of allantoin nitrogen, total nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and manganese of soybean plants decreased under acidic condition, but the degree of decrease was smaller in the variety Jangbaegkong compared to the variety Danyeobkong. On the other hand, nodulation, content of allantoin nitrogen and potassium decreased with increased nitrogen fertilization, particulary under pH 7 condition. Nodulation was positively correlated with the content of allantoin nitrogen of soybean plants. The content of total nitrogen of soybean plants increased with increased nitrogen fertilization, and this tendency was remarkable under acidic condition and in the variety Jangbaegkong.

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Effects of Plant Growth Regulator Treatments During the Grain Filling Period on Seed and Viviparous Germination in Rice (벼 등숙기의 생장조절제처리가 종실 및 수발아에 미치는 영향)

  • Sa, Jong-Goo;Kim, Kee-Sik;Han, Se-Ki;Huh, Beom-Lyang;Kim, Kwang-Ho
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.262-269
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    • 1988
  • Experiments were conducted to find out the method of reducing viviparous germination of rice seeds using growth regulators during grain filling period. Among the recommended varieties, early Japonica type showed higher rate of viviparous germination, while late Japonica type and Tongil type varieties did not show viviparous germination in field condition. Grain showed high germination ability from 30 days of grain filling period in Daeseongbyeo of Japonica type and 35 days in Taebackbyeo of Tongil type. Growth regulators, NAA, CMH and Reglone were effective for reducing viviparous germination to the two rice varieties and three treatment stages in this experiment. NAA and CMH were most effective at 100 ppm and Reglone was at 0.4-0.6% concentration. Germination rates of rice seed were not different from non-treatment when NAA CMH were treated, while Reglone lowered germination rate. NAA and CMH had no effects on grain filling rate for both varieties, which showed high grain filling rate as the non-treatment, but Reglone results low grain filling rate. Grain color was not changes when NAA was applied, while CMH and Reglone made a lot of grain to dark brown as the concentration became higher. When grain were hulled, NAA had no difference with the non-treatment whereas CMH and Reglone had lower rate of perfect brown rice when they were applied at 20-30 days after heading.

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Transition of Rice Culture Practices during Chosun Dynasty through Old References. Ⅵ Fertilizing Practices (주요 고농서를 통한 조선시대의 도작기술 전개 과정 연구 Ⅵ. 시비기술)

  • Lee, Sung-Kyum;Guh, Ja-Ok;Lee, Eun-Woong;Lee, Hong-Suk
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.209-215
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    • 1992
  • Different from 'Seyokwiryang' (歲易爲良 : fallowing as the best method) which was an agricultural technique of ancient China, fertilization of rice fields was already practiced in the end of Koryo age in Korea. 'Bunjongbeob'(糞種法 : fertilizer applicating method on seed) or 'Bunkwabeob' (糞科法 : fertilizer applicating method on each plant) was practiced before green manure of bean crops and 'Bunjeonbeob'(糞田法 : fertilizer practicing method on fields) were done. In the 15th century 'Dojeonbunjeonbeob'(稻田糞田法 : fertilizer applicating method on paddy) in 'Jikseol' was divided the materials to be used into the soil brought from another place, trees, grasses, and the manure. Also, it discribed the fertilization between first plowing and the second, and proper fertilization for particular soil conditions. In case of transplanting techniques, the fertilization practices were specified into nursery and rice fields, and restoration of organic matter was systemized by plowing for cultivation in the reclaimed areas. In the 17th century, through 'Jikseolbo'($\ulcorner$直說補$\lrcorner$), the habitual practice of Kyungsang province was systemized and 'Bunyangsool'(糞壤術 : technique of fertilization) of 'Jodoangkicheo' (早稻秧基處 : rearing fields of early-ripening rice) was completed. Specific things was the manufacturing and utilizing techniques of 'Bunhoe'(糞灰 : mixture of manure and ash), 'Yohoe'(尿灰 : mixture of urine and ash), and additional fertilizers. In the 18 to 19th century, the materials of fertilization were greatly enlarged to recover the waste lands and to support the reinforcement of soil fertility for increasing the system of two cropping a year. Also, 'Jeobunbeob'(貯糞法 : method of manure storage) and additional fertilization were emphasized, and use of wagons for it was emphasized to improve the theory of fertilization and working efficiency. As mentioned above, limitation of fertilizing materials was conquered by 'Dojeonbunyang'(稻田糞壤 : techniques of practicing fertilizers in paddy) and the system of additional fertilization was established. The fertilization methods were improved with 'Jeobunbeob' due to the theory and recognition necessary for high rates of fertilizers.

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Effect of Embryo Age, Growth Regulators, and Low Temperature Treatment on Regeneration and Plant Growth in Immature Embryo Culture of Barley (보리의 미숙배배양 시 배의 성숙정도, 생장조절물질 및 저온처리가 식물체 재생과 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Yong-Chu;Yu, Chang-Yeon;Cho, Dong-Ha;Chang, Byong-Ho;Chung, Il-Min;Ahn, Sang-Deuk
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.571-576
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    • 1994
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of embryo age, growth regulators, low temperature treatment on regeneration, plant growth, and heading in immature embryo culture of Barley. Shoot and root development was more in older than in younger excised embryos, and more in a medium without kinetin than in one with kinetin. The rate of survival was higher on medium without growth regulators and lower on medium with kinetin 5 mg/L because of retarded plant growth. Embryo age and media did not completely replace low temperature treatment. Twenty- and 14 day-old embryos responded by flowering after 4 weeks of vernalization. Embryo culture at 14- and 20 days after anthesis coupled with 4-week cold treatment shortens generation time of barley. When 20 day immature embryos of barley (cv. Olbori) was treated low temperature treatment for 4 weeks, the rate of heading was better than the other treatment.

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Effect of Planting Time on Seed Production of Vegetable Soybean at Different Locations (풋콩 재배지에 따른 파종시기가 종자생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Baek, In-Youl;Shin, Doo-Chull;Park, Chang-Kie;Lee, Jin-Mo;Suh, Hyung-Soo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 1995
  • This investigation was conducted to determine the effect of the optimum planting date and place for good seed production on growth variation, grain yields, different of variety, infection of seed by fungi, and seed germination and vigor after room storage. Early maturity Korean soybean variety, Keunolkong, and introduced vegetable soybean variety, Fukura-edamame, were planted at field of YAES. and high cool land of Sajapyong in Milyang(altitude, 850m) on May 15 (early), June 15 (mid.), and July 15 (late) in 1991. The emergence and vegetative period gradually increased in the early planting date. The grain yield, seed weight, pod number, healthy grain yield also increased when Keunolkong was planted on early date. The healthy seed rate, Keunolkong increased in the early planting date, whereas that of Fukura also increased in the late planting date. Infection ratio of grain to phomopsis seed decay (Phomopsis spp. ' Diaporthe phaseolorum) in Fukura steadily increased in the early planting date. Infection ratio of grain to purple seed stain (Cercospora kikuchii) generally increased in the mid and late planting date. The seed germination and seedling vigor after room storage from five to six months gradually increased in the late planting date. And seed germination of Fukura rapidly decreased in the early planting date. Therefore, the optimum planting date for good seed production in early maturity vegetable soybean was June 15 in terms of harvesting time avoid a high temprature and humidity.

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