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THE ARTINIAN COMPLETE INTERSECTION QUOTIENT AND THE STRONG LEFSCHETZ PROPERTY

  • Shin, Yong-Su
    • Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.251-260
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    • 2019
  • It has been little known when an Artinian (point) quotient has the strong Lefschetz property. In this paper, we find the Artinian complete intersection quotient having the SLP. More precisely, we prove that if ${\mathbb{X}}$ is a complete intersection in ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ of type (2, 2) and ${\mathbb{Y}}$ is a finite set of points in ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ such that ${\mathbb{X}}{\cup}{\mathbb{Y}}$ is a basic configuration of type (2, a) with $a{\geq}3$ or (3, a) with a = 3, 4, 5, 6, then $R/(I_{\mathbb{X}}+I_{\mathbb{Y}})$ has the SLP. We also show that if ${\mathbb{X}}$ is a complete intersection in ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ of type (3, 2) and ${\mathbb{Y}}$ is a finite set of points in ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ such that ${\mathbb{X}}{\cup}{\mathbb{Y}}$ is a basic configuration of type (3, 3) or (3, 4), then $R/(I_{\mathbb{X}}+I_{\mathbb{Y}})$ has the SLP.

Evaluation for Protective Effect of CPV-2 and CPV-2b Vaccines against a Korean CPV-2a Isolate in Pups (국내에서 유행하는 CPV-2a 분리주에 대한 CPV-2와 CPV-2b 백신의 방어효능 평가)

  • Jeoung, Seok-Young;Yi, Jun-Seok;Kim, Hyun-Tae;Kim, Doo
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.361-366
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    • 2014
  • The aim of this study was to determine if vaccines containing CPV-2 or CPV-2b provided protection against challenge with a recent Korean CPV-2a isolate. Twenty mongrel pups aged 9 weeks old were used. The commercial CPV-2 or CPV-2b vaccines were administered to each of the 8 pups thrice every 3 weeks, respectively. Two weeks after the last vaccination, all pups were challenged with CPV-2a (VR00174 strain) $1{\times}10^6\;TCID_{50}$. Clinical signs, fecal excretion of challenged CPV, and serological response of pups were observed for 2 weeks after challenge. All vaccinated pups did not display any clinical signs of disease after challenge with Korean CPV-2a isolate, whereas all non-vaccinated pups exhibited mucoid or hemorrhagic diarrhea, vomiting and anorexia. In all non-vaccinated pups, the virus could be detected in feces from 4 days after challenge, whereas in vaccinated pups, no evidence of viral excretion could be detected. Two of 4 non-vaccinated pups died 6 days after the challenge. This study showed that the two commercial CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccines were effective in preventing infection and/or disease caused by the Korean CPV-2a isolate.

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Some Ferrocene-Containing Chelate Ligands with Dirhodium Acetate: X-ray Crystal Structure of $(\eta^1-(S,R)-CPFA)_2Rh_2(OAc)_4$

  • Kim, Eun-Jin;Kim, Tae-Jeong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.15 no.11
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    • pp.990-996
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    • 1994
  • New ferrocene-based chelate amines, $Fe[C_5H_4CH(Me)NMe_2]_2\;(3), \;Fe[C_5H-3(CH(Me)NMe_2)(PPh_2)-1,2]_2\;(4),\;(C_5H_5)Fe(C_5H_3(CH_2NMe_2)(CH(CN)NMe_2-1,2)\;(6),\;and\;(C_5H_5)Fe(C_5H_3(CH_2NMe_2)(CH(Me)NMe_2-1,2)$ (7) have been prepared. The reaction and the coordination chemistry of 4 and other related compounds (S,R)-(1-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocene (CPFA) and 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (BPPF) with $Rh_2(OAc)_4(MeOH)_2$ were investigated. The reaction of the chiral ligand (S,R)-CPFA forms a complex of the type (${\eta}^1$-(S,R)-CPFA-P)$_2Rh_2(OAc)_4$ (8) in which the ligand is coordinated to both rhodium centers in a monodentate fashion through phosphorus. In contrast, the bisphosphine analogues such as BPPF and 4 afford chelate complexes of the type (${\eta}^2-PP)Rh_2(OAc)_4$ (9 & 10) where both ligands act as a chelate bidentate to a single rhodium atom. All these complexes were characterized by microanalytical and spectroscopic techniques. In one case, the structure of 8 was determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals are monoclinic, space group C2 (No. 5), with a=26.389 (3), b=12.942 (1), c=11.825 (1) A, ${\beta}$=111.22(1)$^{\circ}$, V=3964.7 (8) $A^3$, Z=4, and $D_{calc}$=1.58 g $cm^{-3}$. Two Rh(II) centers are bridged by four $AcO^-$ groups in the ${\eta}^1$ : ${\eta}^1$ mode across a Rh-Rh single bond, and octahedral coordination at Rh(1) and Rh(1') is completed by axially coordinating (S,R)-CPFA and a briding $AcO^-$, respectively.

Two-dimensional Cu Coordination Polymer: [$Cu_2Cl_2$(4,4'-dipyen)] (2차원 구리 배위 고분자: [$Cu_2Cl_2$(4,4'-dipyen)])

  • Huh, Hyun-Sue;Lee, Soon-W.
    • Korean Journal of Crystallography
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    • v.18 no.1_2
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    • pp.16-20
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    • 2007
  • Under hydrothermal conditions, a 2-dimensional copper(I) coordination polymer [$Cu_2Cl_2$(4,4'-dipyen)] (1) was prepared from [$Cu(OAc)_2]{\cdot}H_2O$, 4,4'-dipyen, and KCl. In polymer 1, copper atoms are linked by the 4,4'-dipyen ligands approximately along the b-axis and are also linked by the chloro ligands approximately along the a-axis to form a 2-D layer, a network of rectangles.

A Manganese Coordination Polymer and a Palladium Molecular Compound of 3-Pyridinepropionic acid (HL): [MnL2(H2O)2] and trans-[Pd(HL)2Cl2]

  • Im, Seo Young;Lee, Soon W.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.34 no.10
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    • pp.2947-2952
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    • 2013
  • Three coordination polymers, [$ML_2(H_2O)_2$] (M = Co (1), Ni (2), Mn (3)), were prepared from metal acetates ($M(CH_3COO)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$) and 3-pyridinepropionic acid ($HL=(3-py)-CH_2CH_2COOH$) by solvent-layer methods. By contrast, a discrete molecular compound, trans-[$Pd(HL)_2Cl_2$] (4), was synthesized by replacing benzonitrile (PhCN) ligands in trans-[$Pd(PhCN)_2Cl_2$] with HL under microwave-heating conditions. Compounds 1-3 have a 2D framework, and compound 4 contains a square-planar Pd metal.

Synthsis of Ferroxplana Y-type($Ni_2Y$) Magnetic Particles (Ferroxplana Y-type($Ni_2Y$) 자성(磁性) 분체의 합성)

  • Park, S.H.;Kim, H.G.;SaGong, G.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1993.07b
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    • pp.1140-1142
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    • 1993
  • It has been prepared by a coprecipitation method for Ferroxplana $Ni_2Y\;(Ba_2Ni_2Fe_{12}O_{22}$ magnetic particles, which is one of the Hexagonal ferrite. The coprecipitates were synthesized by adding aqueous solution of $BaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O,\;NiCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O\;and\;FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ (of which the mole ratio is $Ba^{2+}:Ni^{2+}:Fe^{2+}$=1:1:6) to a mixture of NaOH and $Na_2CO_3$ solution. The shape of Ferroxplana $Ni_2Y$ magnetic particles obtained at the calcined temperature 1,100($^{\circ}C$) was hexagonal plate-like, average particle size was 2(${\mu}m$), and aspect ratio was more than 7.

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Partial Purification and Characterization of Multiple Forms of Extracellular Phospholipase $A_2$ in Human Amniotic Fluid (사람 양수중 다종의 세포외성 포스포리파제의 $A_2$의 부분정제 및 특성)

  • Jeon, Yong-Ju;Baek, Suk-Hwan;Lee, Jee-Hae;Moon, Tae-Chul;Min, Beong-Woo;Chang, Hyeun-Wook
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.212-219
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    • 1997
  • Multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase $A_2$ have been detected in human amniotic fluid (HAF). When HAF was subjected to heparin-Sepharose column chromatography, phospholipase $A_2$ activity was detected in both heparin-non binding and binding fraction. The activity of heparin-non binding fraction was further purified by sequential uses of column chromatographies on butyl-Toy-opearl 650M and DEAE-Sephacel. DEAE-Sephacel fraction contained three different phospholipase $A_2$ activities (Peak I, II, III). The molecular weight of DEAE-Sephacel fraction phospholipase $A_2$ determined by SDS-PAGE were about 52KDa (Peak I). Peak II, III required micromolar $Ca^{2+}$ ion for its maximum activity, but Peak I enzyme showed calcium independent phospholipase $A_2$ activity and showed broad range of pH (6.0~10.0) optimum. All these enzymes were not recognized by a monoclonal antibody raised against phospholipase $A_2$ from human synovial fluid. These results suggest that HAF might contain multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase $A_2$, which may neither belong to the 14KDa group II phospholipase $A_2$ family nor cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$.

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Dispersion of Li[Ni0.2Li0.2Mn0.6]O2 Powder by Surfactant for High-power Li-ion Cell

  • Yun, Su-Hyun;Park, Yong-Joon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.30 no.7
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    • pp.1598-1602
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    • 2009
  • The particle size of Li[$Ni_{0.2}Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.6}]O_2$ cathode powder was controlled effectively by dispersion using lauric acid as a surfactant. The samples treated by lauric acid showed smaller particles of approximately half the original size compared to the particles of a pristine sample. A structural change due to the dispersion of Li[$Ni_{0.2}Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.6}]O_2$ powder was not detected. The rate performance of the Li[$Ni_{0.2}Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.6}]O_2$ cathode was improved by dispersion using lauric acid, which was likely due to the decrease of the particle size. In particular, a sample dispersed pristine powder using lauric acid (L2) presented a greatly enhanced discharge capacity and capacity retention at a high C rate. The discharge capacity of a pristine sample was only 133 m$Ahg^{-1}$ (3C rate) and 96 m$Ahg^{-1}$ (12C rate) at the tenth cycle. In contrast, the L2 electrode delivered higher discharge capacities of 160 m$Ahg^{-1}$ (3C rate) and 129 m$Ahg^{-1}$ (12C rate) at the tenth cycle. The capacity retention at a rate of 12C/2C was also enhanced from ~ 45% (pristine sample) to 57% (L2) by treatment with lauric acid.

X-Ray Crystal Structure Determination of Diazatricyclodione (디아자트리사이클로디온의 X선 결정구조 결정)

  • Kim, Sang-Su;An, Jong-Il;Han, Bo-Seop
    • Korean Journal of Crystallography
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.84-90
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    • 1990
  • 1,3-Diazatricyclo (5.2.1.Os .to) decane-2,11-dione , C8H10N2O2. MW=166.15, Monoclinic, P2/n a= 6.585(7) , b=9.089(4), c=12.937(10)A, β=95.72(5)˚, V=770.4A3, Z=4, Dc=1.43(4) g/cm3, λ (Mo Ka)=0.7093A, r=1.Ocm-1, T=295˚K, final R=0.037 for 698 unique observed reflections. The compound is the product of the intramolecular (2+2) photocycloaddition of Nl-(w-butenyl)uracil and belongs to a (5.2.1.O5.10) tricyclic system. A pair of molecules related by the inversion symmetry are held together by the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between 02 and H3 of the uracil moiety.

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Protection Effect of ZrO2 Coating Layer on LiCoO2 Thin Film

  • Lee, Hye-Jin;Nam, Sang-Cheol;Park, Yong-Joon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.1483-1490
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    • 2011
  • The protection effect of a $ZrO_2$ coating layer on a $LiCoO_2$ thin film was characterized. A wide and smooth $LiCoO_2$ thin film offers sufficient opportunity for careful observation of the reaction at the interface between cathode (coated and uncoated) and electrolyte. The formation of a $ZrO_2$ coating on a $LiCoO_2$ thin film was confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the surface morphologies of coated and uncoated films before and after cycling. A $ZrO_2$-coated $LiCoO_2$ film showed a higher discharge capacity and rate capability than an uncoated film. This may be associated with a surface protection effect of the coating. The surface of a pristine film was damaged during cycling, whereas the coated film maintained a relatively clear surface under the same measurement conditions. This result clearly demonstrates the protection effect of a $ZrO_2$ coating on a $LiCoO_2$ thin film.