• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2005

A basis of the cycle space C (G) is d-fold if each edge occurs in at most d cycles of C(G). The basis number, b(G), of a graph G is defined to be the least integer d such that G has a d-fold basis for its cycle space. MacLane proved that a graph G is planar if and only if $b(G)\;{\leq}\;2$. Schmeichel showed that for $n\;{\geq}\;5,\;b(K_{n}\;{\bullet}\;P_{2})\;{\leq}\;1\;+\;b(K_n)$. Ali proved that for n, $m\;{\geq}\;5,\;b(K_n\;{\bullet}\;K_m)\;{\leq}\;3\;+\;b(K_n)\;+\;b(K_m)$. In this paper, we give an upper bound for the basis number of the semi-strong product of a bipartite graph with a cycle.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.3 s.71
• /
• pp.273-288
• /
• 2007

Objectives : We examined the effect of Jengjengamiyjin-tang, a traditional herbal formula, on the experimental pancreatitis induced by Dibutyltin Dichloride(DBTC). Methods : 15 mice were divided into 3 groups; the normal group and the control group which were administered water only after pancreatitis elicitation and the test group which were administered Jengjengamiyjin-tang for 7 days after pancreatitis elicitation. Results : In the activities of amylase, lipase and alkaline phosphatase in serum, the test group showed significant decrease compared with the control group after 21 days. In the common morphology and histochemical study, various injuries by hemorrhagic erosion were observed in the control group, while they were significantly decreased in the test group. In the immunohistochemical study, the manifestation of COX-1, 2, HSP27, HSP70, MAC387, Ki-67 decreased significantly in the 14th day in the test group, however, they increased in the 21st day more than the control group(p<0.05). Conclusion : According to the above results, it is supposed that Jengjengamiyjin-tang has anti-inflammatory effect on the experimentally induced pancreatitis and may be applicable to pancreatitis especially in the acute stage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.139-142
• /
• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of spinal implant removal and to determine the possible mechanisms of pain relief. Methods: Fourteen patient~with an average of 42 years (from 22 to 67 years) were retrospectively evaluated. All patients had posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion, who later developed recurrent back pain or persistent back pain despite a solid fusion mass. Patients' clinical charts, operative notes, and preoperative x-rays were evaluated. Relief of pain was evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain change after implant removal. Clinical outcome using VAS and modified MacNab's criteria was assessed on before implant removal, 1 month after implant removal and at the last clinical follow-up. Radiological analysis of sagittal alignment was also assessed. Results: Average follow-up period was 18 months (from 12 to 25 months). There were 4 patients who had persistent back pain at the surgical site and 10 patients who had recurrent back pain. The median time after the first fusion operation and the recurrence of pain was 6.5 months (from 3 to 13 months). All patients except one had palpation pain at operative site. The mean blood loss was less than 100ml and there were no major complications. The mean pain score before screw removal and at final follow up was 6.4 and 2.9, respectively (p<0.005). Thirteen of the 14 patients were graded as excellent and good according to modified MacNab's criteria. Overall 5.9 degrees of sagittal correction loss was observed at final follow up, but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: For the patients with persistent or recurrent back pain after spinal instrumentation, removal of the spinal implant may be safe and an efficient procedure for carefully selected patients who have palpation pain and are unresponsive to conservative treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2014

Objective : General anesthesia is often preferred for endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysm at most centers. But in the authors' hospital, it is performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC) using dexmedetomidine. To determine the feasibility and safety of this approach, the authors reviewed our initial experience. Methods : Retrospective data was analyzed from July 2012 to November 2012. We performed coil embolization in 28 cases using this method. Among them, for statistical significance, we analyzed 12 cases in which the procedure time exceeded an hour. Vital signs were analyzed every 10 minutes. Depth of sedation was measured according to the Ramsay sedation scale and frequency of the repeated roadmap image(s) caused by movement of the patient's head during the procedure. Results : All procedures were completed without occurrence of procedure related complications. Under MAC using dexmedetomidine, vital signs of the patients were stable, no statistical significance regarding hemodynamic and respiratory parameters was observed between time points (p>0.05). Adequate sedation was achieved. Mean Ramsay sedation scale was $3.67{\pm}1.61$ (2 to 6). Repeated roadmap image(s) due to patient's factor occurred in only one case. The mean dosage of drug for adequate sedation for the procedure was $0.65{\pm}0.12mcg/kg/hr$ without loading doses. Conclusion : To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report published in English using the method of monitored anesthesia with dexmedetomidine for intracranial aneurysm coiling. Monitored anesthesia care using dexmedetomidine without loading dose for embolization of intracranial aneurysms appeared to be a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.21-55
• /
• 1997

본 연구는 기업규모, 장부가치/시장가치 비율, 순이익/주가 비율, 현금흐름/주가 비율, 레버리지 등 기본적 변수를 사용하여 주식수익률에 유의적인 변수를 확인하고, 또한 Fama and French(1993) 등에 의해서 제시된 다요인모형(multi-factor model)이 한국주식시장에서 적용가능한 지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 Fama and MacBeth(1973)의 횡단면회귀모형과 Black, Jensen, and Scholes (1972)의 시계열모형을 사용하였으며, 실증분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 횡단면분석결과에 의하면, 장부가치/시장가치 비율(BE/ME), 현금흐름/주가 비율(C/P) 등이 주식수익률의 횡단면적 차이를 설명할 수 있는 유의적인 변수로 나타났다. 그리고 통계적 의미에서는 1월효과가 존재한다고 보기 어려우나, 경제적 의미에서 1월효과가 존재하는 것으로 생각된다. 시계열분석결과에 의하면, 시장요인, 기업규모요인, 장부가치/시장가치요인(또는 현금흐름/주가요인) 등의 3요인에 의해서 국내 주식수익률의 공통적 변동을 잘 설명할 수 있다. 즉 국내 증권시장에서도 Fama and French(1993)의 3요인모형이 성립될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2008

블루투스는 IETE 802.15 BAN스터디그룹에서 제안하는 다양한 WBAN 응용 시나리오를 이미 지원하고 있는 매우 성숙된 기술로서 향후 새로운 WBAN MAC/PHY의 시장 진입을 위해 블루투스 응용 방식에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 본 고에서는 블루투스를 활용한 WBAN 응용 서비스로서 생체 정보 모니터링, 원격 제어/IO와 착용형 멀티미디어 스트림 시스템 개발에 대하여 살펴본다. 생체 정보 모니터링이나 원격 제어/IO의 경우는 시스템 개발 초기엔 블루투스를 많이 활용하였으나 저전력을 위해 지그비 사용이 증가하고 있으며 더 나아가 새로운 WBAN 기술이 활용될 것으로 기대된다. 착용형 멀티미디어 스트림의 경우는 블루투스가 계속 발전할 것으로 예상된다. 본 고에서 기술하는 착용형 블루투스 오디오 시스템에서는 웨어러블 MP3 플레이어와 같은 개인용 음악 재생기를 확장하여 복수의 사용자가 무선으로 오디오를 공유한다. 착용형 블루투스 멀티미디어 시스템에서는PMP와 같은 국지 동영상 파일 재생기의 발전된 모습으로 비디오는 안경형이나 손목시계형 무선 디스플레이 장치에서 재생하고 오디오는 무선 헤드폰에서 비디오와 동기적으로 재생한다. 또한 국지 미디어뿐만 아니라 근거리 IP 무선망에 있는 미디어도 UPnP-Bluetooth 브리지를 통하여 스트리밍된다.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.373-379
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to study the psychological characteristics of Korean medical students with a focus on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Methods: The survey was conducted on 101 Korean medical students to investigate their psychological characteristics with a focus on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Results: Among the 16 MBTI personality types, ISTJ was the most common type with the prevalence of 24.8%. According to gender-based classification, there were more men in the J-type category and more women in the P-type category. In the MMPI-2 scales, males showed high scores in Pd, AGGR, DISC, MAC-R, and GM, and females showed high scores in Mf and GF. Conclusions: The personality test for male and female Korean medical students revealed few differences on some scales of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate microleakage of six current dentin bonding systems. In this in vitro study, class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of thirty extracted human molars. Each margin was on enamel and dentin/cementum. Experimental teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 5 each. Group 1 : Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; Group 2 : Single Bond; Group 3 : Prime&Bond NT ; Group 4 : Clearfil Liner Bond 2 ; Group 5 : MAC Bond II ; Group 6 : One-up Bond F. The bonding agent and composite resin were applied to class V cavities according to manufacturer's directions. After thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye solution for 6 hours and sectioned longitudinally through the center of the restoration with a low speed diamond saw. The degree of microleakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration under the stereomicroscope at $\times$20. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA. When significant differences found. multiple comparisons were made using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In all groups, leakage value seen at the enamel margin was significantly lower than that seen at the dentin margin(P<0.001). 2. At the enamel margin, none of the dentin bonding systems used in this study showed statistically significant difference in leakage values(P<0.05). 3. At the cementum margin, group 3 showed the highest leakage value, and others were decreased as group 5, 6, 4 in that order, and group 1, 2 showed the lowest leakage value. There was statistically significant difference between group 3 and the other groups except for group 5(P<0.05).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the psychological and mental tendencies manifested in the Sasang Constitution are reflected in an objective personality test, MMPI-2. Methods: The survey was conducted on 101 Korean medical students to investigate the relationship between the Sasang Constitution and MMPI-2. Results: Soeumin showed higher scores in the Hs, Pt, RC1 and RC3 than Taeumin and showed higher scores in the D, Si, RC2, R, MAC-R and INTR than Soyangin. Soeumin showed higher scores in the ANX, OBS, and HEA and showed lower scores in the Es and GM than other Constitutions. Soyangin showed the higher scores in the AGGR than Soeumin and showed the higher scores in the RC9 than other Constitutions. Soyangin showed the lower scores in the SOD and Taeumin showed the lower scores in the ASP than other Constitution (p<.05). Conclusions: MMPI-2 contains items that distinguish the characteristics of Soeumin, Soyangin, and Taeumin and it is therefore useful to employ it to obtain basic data for analyzing oriental psychopathology.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.843-853
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether extension exercise is effective in reducing low back pain. Nine patients with low back pain were randomly assigened to one of two groups-one was an experimental group in which the patient were treated with extension exercise(McKenzie method) and conservative therapy. The other was a control group in which the patients were treated with conservative therapy only. Treatment was performed for a period of ten days during Which we examed each patient three times: the first exam was done at the begining of treatment, the second after fives days, and the third after ten days. We used 'The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire'(r=.99) as the examination tool. The results were as follows: 1. Both experimental and control groups showed nonsignificant differences before and after treatment, and the between group difference was also non-significant(P>.05). 2. There was no effective reduction of low back pain by MecKenzie's extension exercise(p>.05). We admit that our study protocol had several shortcomings. If they had been accounted for, the result might have been different. Further study should be done with a better experimental design, a larger sample, and a longer experimental duration.